Chapter 7-CELLULAR RESPONSE IN DEFENCE
1. What word is used to describe the ability of the body to resist infection by a
disease causing agent or overcome it if it gains access to the body?
2. Name the form of immunity that is inborn and unchanging.
3. What form of innate immunity covers our outer body and acts as a barrier to
infection?
4. What substance is present in our stomachs to kill off pathogens(diseasecausing agents)
5. What substance present in our tears kills off bacteria?
6. What chemical produced by the body prevents multiplication of viruses?
7. Put the following steps of phagocytosis ( a form of innate immunity ) in the
correct order:
*a vacuole forms
*Bacterium gives out a chemical that phagocytic cell recognises
*bacterium digested by lysosome’s enzymes
*Phagocytic cell moves towards the bacterium
*Bacterium fuses with the phagocytic cell
*the breakdown products pass into the cytoplasm of the phagocyte and form pus
*lysosomes move towards the trapped bacterium in the vacuole and fuse with the
vacuole
8. What name is given to immunity that is acquired through the course of a
person’s lifetime?
9. What name is given to the foreign molecule recognised by the body’s
lymphocytes?
10. Which type of lymphocytes produce antibodies in response to the antigens?
11. What name is given to the response made by the body resulting in production
of antibodies to kill off a foreign body?
12. Name the type of T-lymphocyte that tries to carry out a cell-mediated
response and destroy the cell membrane of any infected cell.
13. Name the other type of T-lymphocyte that patrols the body looking for foreign
body and then activates the B and T cells if it encounters anything?
14. What name is given to the response where a period of time elapses before a
person makes enough antibodies to deal with a pathogen for the first time and
therefore falls ill?
15. Give three ways in which the secondary response differs from the primary
response.
16. What do some of the B and T lymphocytes remain in the body as following
first exposure to an antigen?
17. What word means the deliberate introduction of the causative agent of a
disease?
18. Fill in the box with the following types of acquired immunity: Artificial
Passive Immunity, Natural Active Immunity, Artificial Active Immunity,
Natural Passive Immunity.
19. Fill in Table 7.3 to show whether blood cells would clump together or not on
receiving blood from a donor.
20. What substance is produced by mast calls when B-lymphocytes are stimulated
by a harmless antigen?
21. What symptoms does histamine cause?
22. Each person’s cell membranes have a unique type of antigen on the surface of
the cells that the body recognises as self. What name is given to this?
23. What type of drugs needs to be given to a recipient of a transplanted organ?
24. What affect does this have on the recipient’s immune system?
25. Name two autoimmune diseases where the body fails to recognise the antigens
making up the self message and launches an attack on its own cells.