ANTH 110/Fall 2004
Exam 2 Review sheet
Dr. Roberts
Language
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Understand the structure and nature of animal communication and how it differs from
human communication
You should be familiar with nonverbal forms of communication like gestures,
expressions, and movements.
You need to be able to identify the key structures of language.
You must be familiar with the central argument of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and what
researchers think of it today.
You need to know what focal vocabularies are and why they exist.
You must know what sociolinguists study. In particular, you must be familiar with gender
speech patterns and how social stratification manifests itself in language.
You must know what B.E.V. is and how it compares to S.E. In addition, you need to be
familiar with the debate regarding B.E.V. and public school systems.
You should know what historical linguists study and how it relates to anthropology.
Making a living
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Know what an adaptive strategy is and how Cohen uses adaptive strategies to classify
different societies.
Understand what foraging entails and what social and cultural traits are commonly found
in foraging societies.
Understand what horticulture entails and what social and cultural traits are commonly
found in horticultural societies.
Know what agriculture entails and what social and cultural traits are commonly found in
agricultural societies. In particular, you must be familiar with the features of agriculture
that distinguish it from horticulture.
Know what pastoralism entails and what social and cultural traits are commonly found in
pastoral societies.
Distinguish between modes and means of production.
Understand how industrialism leads to the alienation of the producer and the product.
You need to know how economic anthropologists study the ways in which groups
manage their resources. Specifically, you need to know how economic anthropologists
use maximizing and economizing models to study the different uses that various societies
have for scarce resources.
You should know the different forms of distribution and exchange. In particular, you
should be able to distinguish between the market principle, redistribution, and the various
forms of reciprocity.
You need to be familiar with the potlatch. Specifically, you need to know what it is,
where it is found, how it has changed through time, and how it functions at both the local
and regional levels.
Gender
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Know the difference between sex and gender and why gender is a cultural construction.
In addition, you need to know the difference between gender roles and gender
stereotypes.
Know the nature of gender relations among foragers. In particular, you need to know
what the domestic-public dichotomy is and how it relates to differences in status between
genders.
Know the nature of gender relations among horticulturalists. In particular, you should
know what conditions influence how pronounced gender stratification is in a given
community. In addition, you should be familiar with the patrilineal-patrilocal complex.
Understand homosexuality among the Etoro. You should know how homosexual
intercourse functions and is sanctioned in Etoro society. Also, you need to know what
this case study tells us about human sexuality.
Understand how sexualities and gender vary across cultures.
Know the nature of gender relations among agriculturalists.
Understand the relationship between patriarchy and violence against women
Know how industrialism has affected gender. In particular, you need to be familiar with
how and why poverty in industrialized states is becoming feminized.
Families, kinship, and descent
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Know the difference between nuclear and extended families. In addition, you should be
able to distinguish between the family orientation and the family of procreation.
Understand how industrialism has affected family organization. In particular, you should
be familiar with recent changes in North American kinship.
Be able to identify the general patterns found in family organization among foragers.
Know what a descent group is, the different kinds of descent, and the different kinds of
postmarital residence rules. In addition, you should know the difference between clans
and lineages.
Be able to identify and distinguish between the four kinds of kinship terminologies
presented in the textbook.
Marriage
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Be able to identify and distinguish between incest, exogamy, and endogamy.
Know the different explanations that have been put forth to explain the incest taboo.
Understand the marital rights that same-sex marriages should have.
Understand how marriage functions as a form of group alliance and the role that
bridewealth and dowries play in creating and maintaining these alliances. In addition, you
need to be able to distinguish between sororate and levirate marriages.
Know how divorce varies across cultures. In particular, you should be familiar with the
factors that affect rates of divorce.
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Be able to identify and distinguish between the different kinds of plural marriages and the
conditions that favor each.