Curriculum Vita Mu-ming Poo BIRTHDATE: October 31, 1948 Born: Nanjing, China CITIZENSHIP: U.S. (naturalized) EDUCATION: B.S. (physics), Tsinghua University, Taiwan (1970) Ph.D. (biophysics), Johns Hopkins University (1974) POSITIONS: 1974 - 1976: Postdoctoral Fellow, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University. 1976 - 1979: Assistant Professor, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. Calif. at Irvine. 1979 - 1983: Associate Professor, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. Calif. at Irvine. 1983 - 1985: Professor, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Univ. Calif. at Irvine. 1985 - 1988: Research Professor, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, Yale Univ. School of Medicine 1988 - 1995: Professor, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Columbia University. 1996 - 2000: Stephen W. Kuffler Professor in Neurobiology, Dept. of Biology, Univ. Calif. San Diego. 1999 : Director, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 2000 - 2005: Professor of Neurobiology, Class of 1933 Chair in Biological Sciences, U.C. Berkeley 2002 : Head, Division of Neurobiology, Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, U.C. Berkeley 2005 : Paul Licht Distinguished Professor in Biology, U. C. Berkeley PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES, HONORS, AND SERVICES: 1985 - 1988: Developmental Neuroscience Panel, National Science Foundation. 1989 - 1993: Cell Biology and Physiology Study Section, National Institutes of Health. 1989 - 1991: Preparatory Advisory Committee, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 1997 - 1999: Long-term Fellowship Review Board, Human Frontier Science Program. 1998 - 2005: Javitz Neuroscience Investigator Award. 2000 : Academician, Academia Sinica, Taiwan (2000) 2001 : Fellow, American Association for Advancement of Science 2001 : Ameritec Prize (2001) 2002 : Executive Committee, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, U.C. Berkeley 2002 : IBRO Program Committee and Neuroscience School Board 2002 : Chair, Advisory Board, Brain Research Center, University System of Taiwan (2002-) 2002 : Ray Wu Society Award 2003 : Docteur Honoris Causa, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 2003 : Advisory Board, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan 2004 - 2005: Peter Gruber Foundation Neuroscience Prize Committee 2005 : Academic Review Committee (Ad hoc), Friedrich Miescher Institute, Switzerland Editorial Boards: Neuron (99-), Journal of Neuroscience (99-04), Journal of Cell Biology (94-01), Journal of Biomedical Sciences (94-99), NeuroSignals (01-). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (03-). Current Opinion in Neurobiology (04-). Network (05-). Progress in Neurobiology (05-) 1 Special Lectures, Symposia, and Conferences (since 1998) 1998 Bauer Colloquium, Volen Center of Complex Systems, Brandeis University. Munich Neuroscience Colloquium, Max-Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsreid. Banburg Conference on “Computational Neuroscience: from Synapse to Behavior” Keystone Symposia “Synapse Formation and Function: from Neuromuscular Junctions to CNS” Gordon Conference on “The Cell Biology of Neuron”, New Hampshire. FASEB Summer Research Conference on “Calcium and Cell Function”, Snowmass, Colorado. Gordon Conference on “Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology”, Beijing, China. Conference on “Directional Cell Movement and Axonal Growth Cones”, Ringberg, Germany. Center of Excellence Symposium on “Plasticity and Regeneration of Neural Network”, Tokyo. Symposium on “Neural Plasticity”, Japanese Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Tokyo 1999 International Symposium on Neuroplasticity, Taipei. HFSP Forum on “Wiring Molecules in Brain Development and Plasticity”, Tokyo (1999). Fourth Symposium of Life Sciences, Shanghai Life Sciences Research Center, Shanghai. Gordon Conference on “Neurotrophins”, Newport, Rhode Island. IBRO symposia “neurotrophin and synaptic plasticity” and on “synaptogenesis”, Jerusalem. Fourth International Symposium of SCBA, Hong Kong. EMBO-FMI Conference “Neuronal Circuits: From Molecules to Organisms”, Ascona, Switzerland EMBO Workshop on “Axonal Guidance and Neural Plasticity”, Varrenna, Italy. Brain Science Institute Symposium on “Molecular Dynamics of Cell Function”, RIKEN, Tokyo. 2000 Givaudan-Roure Lecture, Association for Chemoreception Sciences, Sarasota Gordon Research Conference on Neural Plasticity, Newport, Rhode Island Symposium on growth cone guidance, Japanese Society of Neurochemistry, Yokohama, October (2000). Xian symposium on neuroregeneration, Xian, China Special Lecture, Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, New Orleans. 2001 Sackler Colloqium on Neural Signaling, NAS, Washington, D.C. February (2001). Keystone symposium on “The synapse”, Taos, New Mexico, March (2001). Neural Information and Coding Workshop, Big Sky, Montana, March (2001). Plenary lecture, Society for Neuroscience of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, April (2001). Second International symposium on Learning and Memory, Taipei, Taiwan, May (2001) Salk symposium on axon guidance and growth cone dynamics, Salk Institute, La Jolla, May (2001). Second Fudan Symposium on Developmental Biology and Genetics, Shanghai, June (2001). Sloan-Swartz Center Annual Retreat, July, Tahoe (2001) Second MIT-RIKEN Symposium on Frontier in Neuroscience, Cambridge (2001) Richard Bunge Memorial Lecture, University of Miami, October 12 (2001). 2002 2 Workshop on “How cell interpret gradients”, Napa, California Oversea Lecturer, Australian Society of Neuroscience Meeting, Sydney, Australia. Keystone Symposium on “Cellular Motility and Signaling in the Wiring and Plasticity of Nervous Systems”, Taos, New Mexico Gordon Research Conference on Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Hong Kong Human Frontier Science Program Lecture, 3rd Forum of European Neuroscience Gordon Research Conference on Synapse, New Hampshire Symposium on Cognitive Neuroscience of Learning and Memory, Beijing Keystone Symposium on Axonal Connections: Molecular Cues for Development and Regeneration, Keystone, Colorado Distinguished Neuroscience Lecture Series, University of Toronto 2003 Symposium “Frontier of Neuroscience”, Brain Research Center of UST, Taipei, Taiwan RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Symposium: The Origin and Formation of Multicellular Systems, Kobe, Japan Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Conference on Learning and Memory Blankenese Symposium on “Learning at the Synapse” Hamburg, Germany Gordon Research Conference on "Neural Plasticity" Newport, Rhode Island Symposium on Synaptogenesis, Vienna, Austria IBRO Congress symposium on “Calcium signaling in development and plasticity” Prague, Czech TINS Lecture, INMED Conference “Nature and Nurture in Brain Development” La Ciotat, France Samsung International Symposium on Molecular Medicine “Neurological Diseases”, Seoul, Korea University Lecture Series, Rockefellor University Public Lecture, Docteur Honoris Causa, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris 2004 COE Symposium on plasticity of neural circuits, Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo Gordon Conference on Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Hong Kong Keynote Lecture, Gordon Conference on Bioelectrochemistry, New London Plenary Lecture, Japanese Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Osaka Plenary Lecture, International Meeting of Physiological Society of China, Beijing Teuber Lecture, MIT 2005 Merck/UCSD Symposium on Synaptic Plasticity Keystone Symposium Axonal Connections: Molecular Cues for Development and Regeneration” Plenary Lecture, European Society of Cognitive Science, Dublin Gordon Conference on “Gradient Sensing & Directed Cell Migration”, Ventura, California Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Dendrite, Hebrew University Gordon Conference on “Inhibition in the CNS”, New London, Connecticut Gordon Conference on “Cellular Signaling Mechanisms”, Hong Kong Basic Neurochemistry Plenary Lecture, American Society for Neurochemistry, Madison, Wiscosin EMBO-FMI Conference “Formation and Plasticity of Neuronal Circuits”, Ascona, Switzerland Heller Lecture in Computational Neurobiology, Hebrew University (2005) 3 Grass Foundation Lecturer, University of Wiscosin, Madison (2005) Plenary Lecture, Lemanic Neuroscience Program Retreat, Switzerland Invited Seminars (since 1998): 1998 Frontier in Neuroscience Seminar Series, Stanford University School of Medicine. NIH Neuroscience Seminar Series Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Harvard University Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Foundation. Neuroscience Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Neuroscience Program, UCLA. Department of Biology, University of Illinois. Hemholtz Club, University of California, Irvine. Salk Institute Seminar Series. Department of Neurobiology, Duke University. Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School. Cold Spring Harbor Course on Developmental Neurobiology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, MIT 1999 Salt Institute Seminar Series Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School Neuroscience Colloquium Series, State University of New York in Buffalo Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center 2000 Program in Neurobiology and Developmental Biology, UCSF California College of Medicine, University of California at Irvine Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine. Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan. Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan 2001 Neuroscience Research Group, University of Calgary. BIO-X Seminar Series, Stanford University 2002 Department of Neuroscience, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School 4 2003 Division of Biology, Caltech. 2004 Neuroscience Colloquium, Rutger-Newark Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Neuroscience Program Seminar, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Neuroscience Program Seminar, University of Washington Neuroscience Research Center Lecture series, Stanford University Vollum Institute Seminar, Portland Neuroscience Program Seminar, University of Chicago 2005 Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute Departmental Seminar, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University PUBLICATIONS: 1. Poo, M-m. and R.A. Cone. Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in Necturus rod. Exp. Eye Res. 17:503514 (1973). 2. Poo, M-m. and R.A. Cone. Lateral diffusion of rhodopsin in the photoreceptor membrane. Nature 247:438-441 (1974). 3. Nuccitelli, R., Poo, M-m. and L.F. Jaffe. Relations between ameboid movement and membranecontrolled electrical currents. J. Gen. Physiol. 69:743-763 (1977). 4. Hudspeth, A.J., Poo, M-m. and A.J. Stuart. Passive signal propagation and membrane properties in medial photoreceptors of the giant barnacle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 272:25-43 (1977). 5. Poo, M-m. and K.R. Robinson. Electrophoresis of concanavalin A receptors in the membrane of embryonic muscle cells. Nature 265:602-605 (1977). 6. Poo, M-m., Poo, W-j.H. and J.W. Lam. Lateral electrophoresis and diffusion of Concanavalin A receptors in the membrane of embryonic muscle cells. J. Cell Biol. 76:483-501 (1978). 7. Orida, N.K. and M-m. Poo. Electrophoretic movement and localization of acetylcholine receptors in the embryonic muscle cell membrane. Nature 275: 31-35 (1978). 8. Poo, M-m., Lam, J.W., Orida, N.K. and A.W. Chao. Electrophoresis and diffusion in the plane of cell membrane. Biophys. J. 26:1-22 (1979). 9. Jaffe, L.F. and M-m. Poo. Neurites grow faster towards the cathode than the anode in a steady field. J. Exp. Zool. 209:115-127 (1979). 5 10. Poo, M-m. Molecular movement of cell surface receptors. Biorheology 16: 309-315 (1979). 11. Orida, N.K. and M-m. Poo. On the developmental regulation of acetylcholine receptor mobility in the Xenopus embryonic muscle membrane. Exp. Cell Res. 130:281-290 (1980). 12. McLaughlin, S. and M-m. Poo. The role of electro-osmosis in the electric field-induced movement of charged macromolecules on the cell surface. Biophys. J. 34:85-93 (1981). 13. Orida, N. and M-m. Poo. Maintenance and dissolution of acetylcholine receptor clusters in the embryonic muscle cell membrane. Dev. Brain Res. 1:293-298 (1981). 14. Chao, N-m., Young, S.H. and M-m. Poo. Localization of cell membrane components by surface diffusion into a "trap". Biophys. J. 36:139-153 (1981). 15. Poo, M-m. In situ electrophoresis of membrane components. Ann. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 10:245-276 (1981). 16. Patel, N. and M-m. Poo. Orientation of neurite growth by extracellular electric field. J. Neurosci. 2:483-496 (1982). 17. Poo, M-m. Rapid lateral diffusion of functional acetylcholine receptors in embryonic muscle membrane. Nature 295:332-334 (1982). 18. Chow, I. and M-m. Poo. Redistribution of cell surface receptors induced by cell-cell contact. J. Cell Biol. 95:510-518 (1982). 19. Fraser, S.E. and M-m. Poo. Development, maintenance, and modulation of patterned membrane topography. Models based on acetylcholine receptors. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 17:77-100 (1982). 20. Young, S.H. and M-m. Poo. Rapid lateral diffusion of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus tadpole myotomes. J. Neurosci. 3:225-231 (1983). 21. Young, S.H. and M-m. Poo. Topographic rearrangment of ACh receptors alters channel kinetics. Nature 304:161-163 (1983). 22. Wu, C-f., Suzuki, N. and M-m. Poo. Dissociated neurons from normal and mutant Drosophila larval CNS in cell culture. J. Neurosci. 3:1888-1899 (1983). 23. Young, S.H. and M-m. Poo. Spontaneous release of transmitter from growth cone of embryonic neuron. Nature 305:634-637 (1983). 24. Chow, I. and M-m. Poo. Formation of electrical coupling between embryonic Xenopus muscle cells in culture. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 346:181-194 (1984). 25. McCloskey, M. and M-m. Poo. Protein diffusion in cell membranes: Some biological 6 implications. Int. Rev. Cytol. 87:19-81 (1984). 26. Lin-Liu, S., Adey, W.R. and M-m. Poo. Migration of cell surface concanavalin A receptors in pulsed electric fields. Biophys. J. 45:1121-1218 (1984). 27. McCloskey, M., Liu. Z. and M-m. Poo. Lateral electromigration and diffusion of Fc receptors on rat basophilic leukemia cells: Effects of IgE binding. J. Cell Biol. 99:778-787 (1984). 28. Young, S., McCloskey, M. and M-m. Poo. Migration of cell surface receptors induced by extracellular electric fields: Theory and applications. The Receptors Vol. 1, M.Conn ed., pp. 511539. Academic Press, Inc. (1984). 29. Patel, N.B. and M-m. Poo. Perturbation of the direction of neurite growth by pulsed and focal electric fields. J. Neurosci. 4:2939-2947 (1984). 30. Patel, N.B., Xie Z-p., Young, S. and M-m. Poo. Response of nerve growth cone to focal electric currents. J. Neurosci. Res. 13:245-256 (1985). 31. Poo, M-m. Mobility and localization of proteins in excitable membranes. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 8:368-406 (1985). 32. Sun, Y-a. and M-m. Poo. Non-quantal release of acetylcholine at a developing neuromuscular synapse in culture. J. Neurosci. 5:634-642 (1985). 33. Chow, I. and M-m. Poo. Release of acetylcholine from embryonic neurons upon contact with muscle cell. J. Neurosci. 5:1076-1082 (1985). 34. Poo, M-m., Sun, I-a. and Young, S. Three types of transmitter release from embryonic neurons in culture. J. Physiol. (Paris) 80: 283-298 (1985). 35. McCloskey, M. and M-m. Poo. Rates of membrane-associated reactions: Reduction of dimensionality revisited. J. Cell Biol. 102:88-96 (1985). 36. Peng, H.B. and M-m. Poo. Formation and dispersal of acetylcholine receptor clusters in muscle membranes. Trends in Neurosci. 9:125-129 (1986). 37. McCloskey, M. and M-m. Poo. Contact-induced redistribution of specific membrane components: Local accumulation and development of adhesion. J. Cell Biol. 102:2185-2196 (1986). 38. Xie, Z-p. and M-m. Poo. Initial events in the formation of neuromuscular synapse: Rapid induction of acetylcholine release. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:7069-7073 (1986). 39. Sun, Y-a. and M-m. Poo. Evoked release of transmitter from growing embryonic neuron. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:2540-2544 (1987). 7 40. Torney, D., Warnock T. McCloskey, M. Dembo M., and M-m. Poo. Rate theories for chemical reactions taking place in two dimensions. Comments Mol. Cell. Biophys. 4:281-303 (1987). 41. Poo, M-m. Transmitter release and synaptogenesis. In Peripheral Nerve Regeneration, ed. T Gordon and G. Vrbova, Alan R. Liss, Inc. p.203-212 (1987). 42. Sanes, D., and M-m. Poo. Early events in nerve-muscle interaction. Ciba Foundation Symposium Publication, p. 116-130. John Wiley & Sons (1988). 43. Poo, M-m. and Buchanan, J. Transmitter release and nerve-muscle interaction during the early phase of synaptogenesis. In Neuromuscular Junction, Sellin, L.C., Sibelius R. and Thesleff, S. Ed. p. 541-550. Elsevier Publishers (1988). 44. Sanes, D, and Poo, M-m. In vitro analysis of position- and lineage-dependent selectivity in the formation of nerve-muscle synapses. Neuron 2:1237-1244 (1989). 45. Buchanan, J., Sun, Y-a., and Poo, M-m. Studies of nerve-muscle interactions in Xenopus cell culture: Morphology of early functional contacts. J. Neurosci. 9:1540-1554 (1989). 46. Evers, J., Laser, M., Sun, Y-a., Xie, Z-p., and Poo, M-m. Studies of nerve-muscle interactions in Xenopus cell culture: Analysis of early synaptic currents. J. Neurosci. 9:1523-1539 (1989). 47. Poo, M-m. and Brown, A. Physical and chemical interactons during the early phase of synaptogenesis. In “Assembly of Nervous Systems”, ed. L. Landmesser, Alan Liss, N.Y. p.199212 (1989). 48. Hartman, D.S., Poo, M-m., Green, W.N., Ross, A.F. and Claudio, T. Synaptic contact between embryonic neurons and ACh receptor fibroblasts. J. Physiol. (Paris) 84:42-49 (1990). 49. Poo, M-m. and Young, S.H. Diffusional redistribution and electrokinetic accumulation: Physicochemical mechanisms for synaptic competition. J. Neurobiol. 21:157-162 (1990). 50. Tabti, N. and Poo, M-m. Spontaneous secretion of transmitter at developing neuromuscular syapse. In Nobel Symposium on Neuromuscular Junctions, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1990). 51. Poo, M-m. and Quillan, M. Transmitter secretion and growth cone orientation. In Nerve Growth Cone, Ed. S. Kater, P. Letourneau, and E. Macagno. Plenum Press, NY. P.231-236 (1991). 52. Fu, W. and Poo, M-m. ATP potentiates spontaneous transmitter release at developing neuromuscular synapses. Neuron 6:837-843 (1991). 53. Lo, Y., Wang, T. and Poo, M-m. Potentiation of spontaneous ACh release by repetitive presynaptic activity. J. Physiol. (Paris) 85:71-78 (1991). 54. Tabti, N. and Poo, M-m. Culturing Xenopus nerve and muscle cells. In Culturing Nerve Cells, Ed. 8 G. Banker, and T. Goslin, MIT press (1991). 55. Lo, Y. and Poo, M-m. Activity-dependent synaptic competition in vitro: Heterosynaptic suppression of developing synapses. Science 254:1019-1022 (1991). 56. Popov, S. and Poo, M-m. Diffusion of macromolecules in developing nerve processes. J. Neurosci. 12:77-85 (1992). 57. Lu, B., Greengard, P., and Poo, M-m. Synapsin-I promotes maturation of quantal synaptic transmission. Neuron 8:521-529 (1992). 58. Lohof, A., Quillan, M., Dan, Y., and Poo, M-m. (1992) Asymmetric modulation of cytosolic cAMP induces growth cone turning. J. Neurosci. 12:1253-1261. 59. Girod, R., Eder-Colli, L, Mcdilanski, Dunant, Y., Tabti, N. and Poo, M-m. (1992) Pulsatile release of acetylcholine by isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes). J. Physiol. 450: 325-340. 60. Dan, Y. and Poo, M. (1992) Hebbian depression of isolated neuromuscular synapses in vitro. Science 256: 1570-1573. 61. Alder, J., Lu, B., Valtorta, F., Greengard, P., and Poo, M-m. (1992) Transmitter secretion reconstituted in Xenopus oocytes: Requirement for synaptophysin. Science 257: 657-661. 62. Dan, Y. and Poo, M-m. (1992) Quantal transmitter secretion from myocytes loaded with acetylcholine. Nature 359: 733-737. 63. Alder, J., Xie, Z, Valtorta, F., Greengard, P. and Poo, M-m. Antibody to synaptophysin interferes with transmitter release at developing neuromuscular synapse. Neuron 9: 759-768 (1992). 64. Brown, A. and Poo, M-m. Microsuction assay of cell-cell adhesion in culture. In "Practical Electrophysiological Methods", p. 349-353, John Wiley & Sons, Inc (1992). 65. Young, S. and Poo, M-m. Measurement of transmitter release: moving patch method. In "Practical Electrophysiological Methods", p. 354-357. John Wiley & Sons (1992). 66. Harish, O.E. and Poo, M-m. Retrograde modulation of transmitter secretion at developing synapses: Involvement of G proteins and arachidonic acid cascade. Neuron 9: 1201-1209 (1992). 67. Popov, S. Brown, A. and Poo, M-m. Forward plasma membrane flow in growing nerve processes. Science 259: 244-246 (1993). 68. Lu, B., Fu, W-m., Greengard, P., and Poo, M-m. CGRP potentiates synaptic responses at developing neuromuscular junction. Nature 363: 76-79 (1993). 69. Lohof, A., Ip, N. and Poo, M-m. Potentiation of developing neuromuscular synapses by the 9 neurotrophins NT-3 and BDNF. Nature 363: 350-353 (1993). 70. Alder, J. and Poo, M-m. Reconstitution of transmitter secretion mechanisms. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3: 322-328 (1993). 71. Popov, S. and Poo, M-m. Synaptotagmin: A calcium-sensitive inhibitor of exocytosis? Cell 73: 1247-1249 (1993). 72. Shaeffer, E., Alder, J., Greengard, P., and Poo, M-m. Synapsin IIa accelerates functional development of neuromuscular synapses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91: 3882-3886 (1994). 73. Tabti, N. and Poo, M-m. Spontaneous synaptic activity at developing neuromuscular junctions. Prog. Brain Res. 84: 63-72 (1994). 74. Tabti, N. and Poo, M-m. Study of the induction of spontaneous transmitter release at early nervemuscle contacts in Xenopus cultures. Neurosci. Lett. 173: 21-26 (1994). 75. Dan, Y. and Poo, M-m. Ca2+-dependent postsynaptic exocytosis: a mechanism for activitydependent synaptic modulation. J. Neurobiol. 25: 336-344 (1994). 76. Dan, Y. and Poo, M-m. Retrograde interaction during formation and elimination of neuromuscular synapses. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 4: 95-100 (1994). 77. Zheng, J., Felder, M., Connor, J., and Poo, M-m. Turning of nerve growth cones induced by neurotransmitters. Nature 368: 140-144 (1994). 78. Lo, Y., and Poo, M-m. Heterosynaptic Suppression of developing neuromuscular synapses in culture. J. Neurosci. 14: 4684-4693 (1994). 79. Lo, Y., Lin, Y-c., Sanes, D. and Poo, M-m. Depression of developing neuromuscular synapses induced by repetitive postsynaptic depolarizations. J. Neurosci. 14: 4694-4704 (1994). 80. Popov, S., Girod, R., and Poo M-m. Neurotransmitter release from non-neuronal cells. Seminers in Neurosci. 6: 187-194 (1994). 81. Dan, Y., Song, H-j., and Poo, M-m. Evoked secretion of false transmitters. Neuron 13: 909-17 (1994). 82. Zheng, J., Zheng, Z., and Poo, M-m. Long-range signaling in growing neurons after local elevation of cAMP activity. J. Cell Biol. 127: 1693-1701 (1994). 83. Alder, J., Kanki, H., Valtorta, F., Greengard, P., and Poo, M-m. Overexpression of synaptophysin enhanced spontaneous and evoked transmitter secretion. J. Neurosci. 15: 511-519 (1995). 84. Stoop, R., and Poo, M-m. Potentiation of transmitter release by ciliary neurotrophic factor 10 requires somatic signaling. Science 267: 695-699 (1995). 85. Girod, R., Popov, S., Alder, J., , Lohof, A. and Poo, M-m. Quantal transmitter release from myocytes and fibroblasts: comparison with neuronal secretion. J. Neurosci. 15: 2826-38 (1995). 86. Dan, D., Lo, Y. and Poo, M-m. Plasticity of developing neuromuscular synapses. Prog. Brain Res. 105: 211-5 (1995). 87. Cash, S. and Poo, M-m. Presynaptic differentiation and retrograde signaling during the early phase of synaptogenesis. Seminars in Dev. Biol. 6: 185-193 (1995). 88. Valtorta, F., Numa, L., Benfenati F., Lu, B., Poo, M-m. and Greengard, P. Accelerated structural maturation induced by synapsin I at developing neuromuscular synapses of Xenopus laevis. Eur. J. Neurosci. 7: 261-270 (1995). 89. Morimoto, T., Popov, S., Buckley, K., and Poo, M-m. Calcium-dependent quantal transmitter release from fibroblasts: Modulation by synaptotagmin. Neuron 15: 689-696 (1995). 90. Zheng, J., Wan, J., and Poo, M-m. Filopodia are essential for chemotactic turning of nerve growth cones. J. Neurosci. 16: 1140-1149 (1996). 91. Winckler, B. and Poo, M-m. No diffusion barrier at the axonal hillock. Nature. 379: 213 (1996). 92. Wang, X., Zheng, J.Q. and Poo, M-m. Cytochalasin B modulate short-term synaptic plasticity at developing neuromuscular junction. J. Physiol. 491: 187-195 (1996). 93. Cash, S., Dan, Y. Poo, M-m. and Zucker, R. Depression of developing neuromuscular synapses by postsynaptic elevation of calcium. Neuron 16: 745-754 (1996). 94. Cash, S., Zucker, R. and Poo, M-m. Spread of synaptic depression by presynaptic cytosolic signaling. Science 272: 998-1001 (1996). 95. Stoop, R. and Poo M-m. Synaptic potentiation by neurotrophic factors: differential and synergistic actions of BDNF and CNTF. J. Neurosci. 16: 3256-3264 (1996). 96. Stoop, R. and Poo, M-m. Synaptic modulation by neurotrophic factors. Prog. Brain Res. 109: 359-364 (1996). 97. Poo, M-m. Dan Y., Song, H-j., Morimoto, T. and Popov, S. Calcium-dependent vesicular exocytosis: from constitutive to regulated secretion. Cold Spr. Har. Symp. Quant. Biol. V. 60: 349-359 (1996). 98. Berlinger, B. and Poo, M-m. Fast actions of neurotrophic factors. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6: 324330 (1996). 11 99. Lu, B., Czernik, A.J., Popov, S., Wang, T., Poo, M-m. and Greengard, P. Expression of synapsin I correlates with maturation of the neuromuscular synapse. Neurosci. 74: 1087-1097 (1996). 100. Song, H-j. Ming, G-l., Fon, E., Bellocchio, E., Edwards, R. and Poo, M-m. Expression of a putative vesicular acetylcholine transporter facilitates quantal transmitter packaging. Neuron 18: 815-826 (1997). 101. Lowen, S.B., Cash, S., M-m. Poo, and Teich M.C. Quantal neurotransmitter secretion rate exhibits fractal behavior. J. Neurosci. 17: 5666-5677 (1997). 102. Song, H-j. Ming, G-l., and Poo M-m. A cAMP-induced switching of turning direction of nerve growth cones. Nature 388: 275-279 (1997). 103. Fitzsimonds, R., Song, H-j. and Poo, M-m. Propagation of activity-dependent synaptic depression in small neural networks. Nature 388: 439-448 (1997). 104. Wang, X-h. and M-m. Poo (1997) Synaptic potentiation by postsynaptic secretion of neurotrophin-4. Neuron, 19: 825-835. 105. Morimoto, T., Wang, X-h. and M-m. Poo (1997) Overexpression of synaptotagmin modulates short-term synaptic plasticity. Neurosci. 82: 969-978. 106. de la Torre, J., Hopker, V.H., Ming, G-l., Poo, M-m., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Hemmati-Brivanlou, A., and Holt, C.E. (1997) Turning of retinal growth cones in a netrin-1 gradient mediated by the netrin receptor DCC. Neuron 19, 1221-1224. 107. Ming, G-l., Song, H-j. Berninger, B., C. Holt, M. Tessier-Lagvine, and Poo, M-m. (1997) cAMPdependent growth cone guidance by netrin-1. Neuron 19, 1225-1235. 108. Fitzsimonds, R. and M-m. Poo (1998) Retrograde signaling in the development and modification of synapses. Physiol. Rev. 78: 143-170. 109. Sternfeld, M, Ming, G., Song, H., Sela, K., Timberg, R., Poo, M-m., and Soreq, H. Acetylcholinesterase enhances neurite growth and synapse development through alternative contributions of its hydrolytic capacity, core protein, and variable C termini. J. Neurosci. 18: 1240-1249 (1998). 110. Wang, X-h., Berninger, B., and Poo, M-m. Localized synaptic actions of neurotrophin-4. J. Neurosci. 18: 4985-4992 (1998). 111. Zhang, L., Tao, H-z., Holt, C., Harris, W., and Poo, M-m. A critical window in the cooperation and competition among developing retinotectal synapses. Nature 395: 37-44 (1998). 112. Song, H-j., Ming, G-l., He, Z, Lehmann, M., McKerracher, L., Tessier-Lagvine, M., and Poo, Mm. Conversion of neuronal growth cone responses from repulsion to attraction by cyclic 12 nucleotides. Science 281: 1515-1518 (1998). 113. Bi, Q. and Poo, M-m. Synaptic modifications in cultured hippocampal neurons: dependence on spike timing, synaptic strength, and postsynaptic cell type. J. Neurosci. 18: 10464-10472 (1998). 114. Boulanger, L. and Poo, M-m. 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