Chapter 8 – Test Review
1. What are the three levels of policing in Canada?
2. What does RCMP stand for, when was it formed, and what was it originally
called?
3. What three tasks must the police complete when they first arrive at a crime scene?
4. What two boundaries must the police establish at a crime scene? How does it help
their investigation?
5. Which type of evidence carries more weight in a court law? Why?
6. What is the common body substance found at a crime scene?
7. How does the use of DNA profiling help the police solve crimes?
8. What are three things that appear on an evidence package?
9. Can a police officer force a suspect to answer questions? Why or why not?
10. Define arrest and detention. What are the differences?
11. What three conditions must be satisfied for the police to search someone without
a warrant?
12. For what type of offences must a person not be fingerprinted and photographed?
13. What are the three levels of pre-trial releases?
14. What does a writ of habeas corpus compel the crown to do?
15. Define the following words: intelligence, contamination, police log, impressions,
visible fingerprint, latent fingerprint, bench warrant, and summons.
Essay Questions
1. Describe the steps a police officer must take in a legal arrest.
2. List the four types of officers at a crime scene and briefly explain each.
Chapter 8 – Answers to questions
1. The 3 levels of police officers in Canada are federal, provincial, and municipal.
(pg.189)
2. RCMP stands for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. It was formed in 1873 and
was originally called the North-West Mounted Police. (pg.189)
3. The three tasks a police officer must complete when they first arrive on a crime
scene are 1) to call an ambulance and assist injured people at the scene, 2) they
call in reinforcements to help eliminate any hazards that still pose a risk, 3) and
finally, officers must continue to search the crime scene, even if witnesses say the
perpetrators have left. (pg.193)
4. The two boundaries the police must establish at a crime scene are the centre and
the perimeter. These help their investigation because they include any entry or
escape routes used by the offender.
5. Physical evidence carries more weight in a court law because it is any object,
impression, or body element that can be used to prove or disprove facts relating to
an offence. (pg.195)
6. The most common body substance found at a crime scene is blood. (pg.198)
7. The use of DNA profiling helps the police solve crimes by either linking suspects
with the physical evidence or freeing them from suspicion. (pg.200)
8. The eight things that must appear on an evidence package are: 1) brief description
of the item, 2) police case number, 3) date when the evidence was collected, 4)
location of collection, 5) brand name of the item, 6) serial number or clothing
information, 7) name and badge # of the officer who collected the evidence, and
8) destination of the item for analysis or storage. (pg.200)
9. No, a police officer can’t force a suspect to talk. Section 7 of the Charter has
been interpreted to grant a detained or arrested person the right to remain silent.
(pg.202)
10. Arrest – legally depriving someone of liberty be seizing or touching the person to
indicate that he or she is in custody.
Detention – legally depriving a person of liberty for the purpose of asking
questions, with or without physical restraint. (pg.203)
11. The three conditions that must be satisfied for the police it search someone
without a warrant are: 1) the arrest must be lawful, 2) the search must be
connected to the lawful arrest and 3) the manner in which the search is carried out
must be reasonable. (pg.208)
12. The only suspect the police have the right to photograph and fingerprint is
someone who has been arrested for an indictable offence. (pg.211)
13. Three types of pre-trial releases are: 1) promise to appear, 2) recognizance, and 3)
surety. (pg.212)
14. A Writ of Habeas Corpus requires the crown to produce the detained person in
court and then give reasons to justify keeping this person in custody until trial. It
also compels the crown to show that the prisoner is not being mistreated in any
way. If the crown can not do so, the court may release the prisoner until trial.
(pf.213)
15. Intelligence – the collecting, evaluating, and analyzing, and reporting of info
especially of a military, criminal, or political nature.
Contamination – the loss, destruction, or alteration of physical evidence.
Police log – A written record of what an officer has witnessed.
Impressions – patterns or marks found on surfaces and caused by various objects.
Visible fingerprint – the print formed when a fingerprint is coated in blood,
grease, or some other substance; it is visible to the naked eye.
Latent fingerprint – the print formed by natural oils and perspiration on the
fingertip; it is invisible to the naked eye.
Bench warrant – an arrest warrant issued directly by the judge when an accused
person fails to appear in court.
Summons- a legal document issued for an indictable offence, ordering an accused
person to appear in court.
Essay Answers
1. A police officer must take these 4 steps in a legal arrest: 1) identify
themselves as a police officer, 2) advise the accused that he or she is under
arrest, 3) inform the accused promptly of the charge and show the arrest
warrant if one has been obtained, 4) touch the accused to indicate that he or
she is in legal custody. (pg.203)
2. The four types of officers at a crime scene are: 1) a patrol officer – their duty
is to secure the crime scene and ensure that no evidence is lost or tampered
with. 2) Scenes of crime officer – they are skilled photographers who deal
with fingerprints (or any prints) along with collecting blood and hair evidence.
3) Criminal identification officer – is responsible for searching the crime
scene, examining the scene for physical evidence, gathering and analyzing
evidence and sending certain types of evidence to a laboratory for analysis. 4)
Criminal investigations bureau officer – these officers are trained to supervise
the investigation, interview witnesses, interrogate suspects, draw conclusions
from the physical evidence, and arrest suspects.
Chapter 8 – Summary
Chapter Eight deals with the investigation and arrest aspect of law. There are
many different levels of policing in Canada. They all work together to get each task
done. No one area of police officers could do the job alone. Federal, Provincial,
Municipal, and Aboriginal Policing are all part of the forces in Canada.
An investigation at a crime scene is a lengthy process that requires many people
to bring it all together. When the first person arrives at a crime scene they make sure all
the right people are contacted. The crime scene has to be well protected so that no
evidence is destroyed. Evidence can include physical and/or eye witnessed evidence, so
therefore people that were there when it happened can not leave. All physical evidence
can be used for DNA profiling, which can help lead to the suspect.
Arrest and detention is the next step in solving a crime. Asking questions to the
suspect is the first step toward making an arrest. After you conclude your answers, there
are different things that could happen such as: appearance notice, arrest with or without a
warrant, or citizen’s arrest. After the person is arrested, there will be a court date set but
the suspect can do what is called a “bail” until their date which sets them free until their
court date, then in which they will be sentenced.