Curriculum Vitae Summary
C. THOMAS PHILBRICK
Professor of Biology
Connecticut State University Distinguished Professor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences
Western Connecticut State University
Danbury, CT 06810
203-837-8773
FAX: 203-837-8276
philbrickt@wcsu.edu
Revised: January, 2011
EDUCATION
Ph.D., The University of Connecticut, 1989.
M.S., The University of New Hampshire, 1982.
B.S., The University of New Hampshire, 1979.
GRANTS & FELLOWSHIPS (since 1993)
 National Science Foundation
Research Grant, National Science Foundation-Systematic Biology. "RUI: Surveys of
Podostemaceae (riverweeds) in Latin America," $400,000. 2005.
Research Grant, National Science Foundation-Systematic Biology. "A monographic
study of Podostemum (Podostemaceae)," $174,900. 1996. (D. H. Les coPI).
Research Grant, National Science Foundation-Systematic Biology: "Systematics,
Phylogeny and Pollination System Evolution in Callitrichaceae," $196,371. 1993.
Research Grant, National Science Foundation International Programs: Mexico,
"Systematics of Mexican Podostemaceae," $24,000. 1992.
Research Grant, National Science Foundation-Systematic Biology, Dissertation
Improvement Grant, "Divergence rates and Phlogenetic Patterns in
Intercontinentally Disjunct Species of Styrax (Styracaceae)," $9,500. 1993. (with
Peter W. Fritsch).
 National Geographic Society
Research Grant, "Plant and fish diversity in Venezuelan river-rapids," $3,500. 2007.
Research Grant, "Flowering plants in waterfalls: taxonomy and conservation of riverweeds
in eastern Venezuela". $8,695. 2005 (coPI: A. Novelo R.)
 US Environmental Protection Agency
Phytoremediation of mercury at a Brownfield Site, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (subcontract). $23,471 (coPIs: R. Gyure and E. Wong).
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
Connecticut State University - American Association of University Professors
Research grants
2008. “Addressing the “genus problem” in riverweeds using DNA sequence variation.”
$4,500.
2007. "The Geography of Pollination System Variation: A Research Trip for Sampling."
$4,329.
2004. " Research on Brazilian Water Plants." $5,000.
2003. "A research trip to Museums in Denmark and The Netherlands." $4,750.
2002. "Studying plants in waterfalls." $4,000.
2001. "A three-week research trip in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil." $3,750.
2000. "Establishing long-term ecological research at a restored wetland." $4,000
1996. "Computer resources for research in biology." $3,940 (coPI: J. Kreizinger).
SYMPOSIA ORGANIZED (since 1993)
"Podostemaceae: Systematics and Evolution of Enigmatic Hydrophytes."
Symposium proposal submitted (15 September, 2003) for the 17th International
Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, 18 - 23 July 2004.
Co-organizers: Dr. R. Rutishauser, Dr. C. T. Philbrick.
"Plant Reproductive Biology," Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Ninth Annual
Southwestern Systematics Symposium, 1993.
INVITED SYMPOSIA PARTICIPATION (since 1993)
“Freshwater Ecosystems.” Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing World. 9th National
Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment. National Council for Science
and the Environment. 8-10 December, 2008. Washington, D.C.
"Podostemaceae: Systematics and Evolution of Enigmatic Hydrophytes."
17th International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, 18 - 23 July 2004.
Co-organizers: Dr. R. Rutishauser, Dr. C. T. Philbrick.
"Reproductive Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants", in Biolog¡a De Las Plantas Aquaticus
Vasculares y Su Habitat en Latinoamericano, VII Congreso Latinoamericano de
Botanica, Mexico City, Mexico, October, 1998.
"Plant Reproductive Biology," Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Ninth Annual
Southwestern Systematics Symposium, 1993.
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATORS
 Dr. Claudia P. Bove, Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, 20940-040.
 Dr. Carlos A. Laso, Fundación La Salle, Av. Boyacá, Cota Mil, Edif. Fundación La
Salle, piso 5, Ap. 1930, Caracas 1010 A, Venezuela.
 Dr. Rolf Rutishauser, Institut für Systematische Botanik, Universität, Zurich,
Switzerland.
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PUBLICATIONS [* denotes undergraduate coauthor]

Manuscripts In Review
Philbrick, C. T., J. Malacki*, H. I. Stevens & N. P. Tippery. A new genus of Podostemaceae from
Venezuela. Novon.

Peer Reviewed, Web Published
Novelo R., A., C. T. Philbrick & G. E. Crow. 2009. Podostemaceae. In: Flora Mesoamericana.
Volume 3(1). Pp.1-7 [Web published 7 July 2009].
http://www.tropicos.org/docs/meso/podostemaceae.pdf?projectid=3&langid=66

Published Journal Articles
Ruhfel, B. R., V. Bittrich, C. P. Bove, M. H. G. Gustafsson, C. T. Philbrick, R. Rutishauser, Z. Xi
& C. C. Davis. 2011. Phylogeny of the Clusiod Clade (Malpighiales): Evidence from the
Plastid and mitochondrial genomes. American Journal of Botany (In Press)
Tippery, N. P., C. T. Philbrick, C. P. Bove & D. H. Les. 2011. Systematics and phylogeny of
neotropical Podostemaceae. Systematic Botany (In Press).
Philbrick, C. T. & G. E. Crow. 2011. Podostemaceae. In: Flora of North America (In Press).
Philbrick, C. T. , C. P. Bove & H. I. Stevens. 2010. Endemism in Neotropical Podostemaceae.
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 97: 425-456.
Bove, C. P. & C. T. Philbrick. 2009. Podostemaceae. In: Stehmann, J. R., R. C. Forzza, A.
Salino, M. Sobral, D. P. de Costa & L. H. Yoshino Kamino (Editors). Plantas da Floresta
Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.
Philbrick, C. T., C. P. Bove & T. C. Edson*. 2009. Monograph of Castelnavia (Podostemaceae).
Systematic Botany. 34: 715-729.
Philbrick, C. T. & C. P. Bove. 2008. A new species of Castelnavia (Podostemaceae) from
Tocantins, Brazil. Novon 18: 94-98.
Jäger-Zürn, I., A. Novelo R., C. T. Philbrick & M. Piepenbring. 2007. Pinnately ramified
ensiform leaves in the genus Marathrum (Podostemaceae, Podostemoideae). Plant
Systematics and Evolution 268: 97-117.
Bove, C. P., C. T. Philbrick & A. Novelo R. 2006. A new species of Cipoia (Podostemaceae)
from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Systematic Botany 31: 822-825.
Moline, P. M., D. Les, C. T. Philbrick, A. Novelo R., E. Pfeifer & R. Rutishauser. 2006.
Comparative morphology and molecular systematics of Podostemum (including Crenias)
- American river-weeds (Podostemaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 126: 427-476.
Philbrick, C. T. , M. Vomela* & A. Novelo R. 2006. Preanthesis cleistogamy in the genus
Podostemum (Podostemaceae). Rhodora 108: 195-202.
Rutishauser, R., E. Pfeifer, A. Novelo R., & C. T. Philbrick. 2005. Diamantina lombardii-an odd
Brazilian member of the Podostemaceae. Flora 200: 245-255.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 2004. Monograph of Podostemum (Podostemaceae).
Systematic Botany Monographs 70: 1-106.
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Philbrick, C. T. , A. Novelo R. & B. E. Irgang. 2004. A new species of Ceratolacis
(Podostemaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Novon 14: 108-113.
Philbrick, C. T. , A. Novelo R. & B. E. Irgang. 2004. Two new genera of
Podostemaceae from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Systematic Botany 29: 109-117.
Philbrick, C. T. 2004. Callitrichaceae (pp. 76-77), Podostemaceae (pp. 302-304). In: Smith,
N., S. A. Mori, A. Henderson, D. W. Stevenson, C. V. Heald. Flowering Plants of the
Neotropics. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Huaxing Qiu & C. Thomas Philbrick. 2003. Podostemaceae. Flora of China. Volume 5: 190-191.
Philbrick, C. T. 2002. Podostemaceae. p. 585. In: Scott A. Mori, Georges Cremers, Carol
A. Gracie, Jean-Jacques de Granville, Scott V. Heald, Michel Hoff and John D. Mitchell
(eds.). Guide to the Vascular Plants of Central French Guiana. Part 2. Dicotyledons.
Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 76 (2): viii + 1-776.
Murguía-Sánchez, G., A. Novelo R., C. T. Philbrick, & G. J. Márquez Guzmán. 2002. Embryo
sac development in Vanroyenella plumosa, Podostemaceae. Aquatic Botany
73: 201-210.
Oropeza, N., G. Palomino, A. Novelo R, C. T. Philbrick. 2002. Karyomorphological
studies in Oserya, Vanroyenella and Tristicha (Podostemaceae sensu lato).
Aquatic Botany 73: 163-171.
Murguía-Sánchez, G., A. Novelo R., C. T. Philbrick, & G. J. Márquez Guzmán.
2001. Desarrollo de los verticilos sexuales de Vanroyenella plumose Novelo & Philbrick.
Acta Botanica Mexicana 57: 37-50.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 2001. A New Species of Podostemum (Podostemaceae) from the
States of Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil. Novon 11: 92-96.
Philbrick, C. T. & D. H. Les. 2000. Phylogenetic studies in Callitriche: implications for
interpretation of ecological, karyological and pollination system evolution. Aquatic Botany
68: 123-141.
Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 2000. Familia Podostmeaceae. Flora del Bajio y
de Regiones Adyacentes. Fascuculo 87: 1-5.
Cooper, R. L., J. M. Osborn & C. T. Philbrick. 2000. Comparative pollen morphology and
ultrastructure of the Callitrichaceae. American Journal of Botany 87: 161-175.
Rutishauser, R., C. T. Philbrick & A. Novelo R. 1999. Developmental
morphology of Mexican Podostemaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 160: 29 45.
Philbrick, C. T., R. A. Aakjar Jr.*, and R. L. Stuckey. 1998. Invasion and spread of
Callitriche stagnalis (Callitrichaceae) in North America. Rhodora 100: 25-38.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 1998. Floral biology, pollen flow, and seed
production in Marathrum rubrum (Podostemaceae). Aquatic Botany 62: 199-206.
Oropeza, N., P. Mercado, A. Novelo, & C. T. Philbrick. 1998. Karyomorphological studies
of Mexican species of Marathrum (Podostemaceae). Aquatic Botany 62: 207-211.
Philbrick, C. T. 1997. Introduction (special issue of Aquatic Botany on Podostemaceae).
Aquatic Botany 57: 1-4.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 1997. Ovule number, seed number and seed size in
Mexican and North American species of Podostemaceae. Aquatic Botany 57: 183-200.
Les, Donald H., C. T. Philbrick & A. Novelo R. 1997. The phylogenetic position
of river-weeds (Podostemaceae): Insights from rbcL sequence data. Aquatic Botany 57:
5-27.
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Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1997. Taxonomy of Mexican Podostemaceae.
Aquatic Botany 57: 275-303.
O'Neill, S. P., J. M. Osborn, C. T. Philbrick & A. Novelo R. 1997. Comparative pollen
morphology of five New World genera of Podostemaceae. Aquatic Botany 57: 133-150.
Quiroz, A. F., A. Novelo R., & C. T. Philbrick. 1997. Water chemistry and
the distribution of Mexican Podostemaceae: a preliminary evaluation. Aquatic Botany
57: 201-212.
Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1997. Podostemum ricciiforme (Podostemaceae)
rediscovered and redescribed. Taxon 46: 451-455.
Philbrick, C. T. & D. H. Les. 1996. Evolution of Aquatic Angiosperm Reproductive
systems. Bioscience 46: 813-826.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 1995. New World Podostemaceae: ecological
and evolutionary enigmas. Brittonia 47:210-222.
Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1995. A new species of Oserya (Podostemaceae)
from Jalisco, Mexico. Novon 5:54-56.
Osborn, J. M. & C. T. Philbrick. 1994. Comparative pollen structure and pollination biology in the
Callitrichaceae. Acta Botanica Gallica 141:257-266.
Philbrick, C. T. & J. M. Osborn. 1994. Exine reduction in underwater flowering Callitriche
(Callitrichaceae): implications for the evolution of hypohydrophily. Rhodora 96:
370-381.
Philbrick, C. T. 1994. Chromosome counts for Callitriche (Callitrichaceae) in North
America. Rhodora 96: 383-386.
Philbrick, C. T. & L. H. Rieseberg. 1994. Pollen production in the androdioecious
Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae): implications for breeding system equilibrium. Plant
Species Biology 9: 43-46.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo. 1994. Seed germination of Mexican Podostemaceae.
Aquatic Botany 48: 145-151.
Cota, H. & C. T. Philbrick. 1994. Chromosome number variation and polyploidy in the
genus Echinocereus (Cactaceae). American Journal of Botany 81: 1054-1062.
Philbrick, C. T. 1993. Underwater cross-pollination in Callitriche hermaphroditica:
evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. American Journal of Botany
80: 391-394.
Philbrick, C. T. & D. H. Les. 1993. The evolution of aquatic plants: an introduction
and tribute to Cyril Duncan Sculthorpe, author of The Biology of Aquatic Vascular Plants.
Aquatic Botany 44: 101-104.
Philbrick, C. T. 1993. Callitrichaceae. In The Jepson Manual, (ed.) James C. Hickman,
University of California Press, Berkeley.
Les, D. H. & C. T. Philbrick. 1993. Studies of hybridization and chromosome number
variation in aquatic angiosperms: evolutionary implications. Aquatic Botany 44: 181-228.
Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1993. Vanroyenella: A new genus of Podostemaceae from
Jalisco, Mexico. Systematic Botany 18: 64-67.
Novelo, A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1993. A new species of Marathrum (Podostemaceae)
from Jalisco, Mexico. Novon 3: 456-458.
Rieseberg, L. H., C. T. Philbrick, P. E. Pack, M. A. Hanson & P. Fritsch. 1993. Inbreeding
depression in androdioecious populations of Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae). American
Journal of Botany 80: 757-762.
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Romo, V., R. Scogin, C. T. Philbrick & A. Novelo. 1993. A phytochemical profile of
Podostemaceae. Aliso 13: 513-520.
Philbrick, C. T. & G. J. Anderson. 1992. Pollination biology in the Callitrichaceae.
Systematic Botany 17: 282-292.
Philbrick, C. T. & G. E. Crow. 1992. Isozyme variation and population structure of
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. (Podostemaceae): implications for colonization of
glaciated North America. Aquatic Botany 43: 311-325.
Philbrick, C. T. & L. M. Bernardello. 1992. Taxonomic and geographic distribution of
internal geitonogamy in New World Callitriche (Callitrichaceae). American Journal of
Botany 79: 887-890.
Rieseberg, L. H., M. Hanson & C. T. Philbrick. 1992. Androdioecy is derived
from dioecy in Datiscaceae: evidence from restriction site mapping of PCR-amplified
chloroplast DNA fragments. Systematic Botany 17: 324-336.
Philbrick, C. T. 1991. The evolution of hydrophily: ecological and phylogenetic
considerations. Rhodora 93: 36-50.
Philbrick, C. T. & R. K. Jansen. 1991. Phylogenetic studies of North American
Callitrichaceae using chloroplast DNA restriction fragment analysis. Systematic Botany 16:
478-491.
Philbrick, C. T. 1988. Reproductive biology of freshwater aquatic angiosperms: an
introduction. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 739-740.
Philbrick, C. T. 1988. Evolution of underwater outcrossing from aerial pollination systems:
a hypothesis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 836-841.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. L. Bogle. 1988. A survey of floral variation in five populations of
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. (Podostemaceae). Rhodora 90: 113-121.
Hellquist, C. B., C. T. Philbrick & R. L. Hilton. 1988. The taxonomic status of
Potamogeton lateralis Morong (Potamogetonaceae). Rhodora 90: 15-20.
Philbrick, C. T. & G. J. Anderson. 1987. Implications of pollen/ovule ratios and
pollen size for the reproductive biology of Potamogeton and autogamy in aquatic
angiosperms. Systematic Botany 12: 98-105.
Philbrick, C. T. 1983. Aspects of floral biology of three species of Potamogeton
(Pondweeds). Michigan Botanist 23: 35-38.
Philbrick, C. T. 1984. Aspects of floral biology, breeding system, and seed and seedling
biology in Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. (Podostemaceae). Systematic Botany 9:
166-174.
Philbrick, C. T. 1984. Pollen tube growth within vegetative tissues of Callitriche. American
Journal of Botany 7: 882-886.
Philbrick, C. T. 1984. Comments of the use of microwaves as a herbarium insecticide:
possible drawbacks. Taxon 33: 73-74.
Philbrick, C. T. 1983. Contributions to the reproductive biology of Panax trifolium L.
(Araliaceae). Rhodora 85: 97-113.
Philbrick, C. T. & G. E. Crow. 1983. Distribution of Podostemum ceratophyllum
Michx. (Podostemaceae). Rhodora 85: 325-341.
Philbrick, C. T. 1982. New locations for Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. in New
Hampshire and Maine with some comments on a unique floral form. Rhodora 84: 301-303.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. L. Bogle. 1981. Pollen morphology of the native New England
species of the genus Acer L. (Aceraceae). Rhodora 83: 237-258.
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Philbrick, C. T. 1981. Some notes regarding pollination in a New Hampshire population of
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. (Podostemaceae). Rhodora 83: 319-321.
Philbrick, C. T. & G. E. Crow. 1980. Type Specimens of the Hodgdon Herbarium,
University of New Hampshire. Rhodora 82: 579-597.
Bogle, A. L. & C. T. Philbrick. 1980. A generic atlas of Hamamelidaceous pollens.
Contributions from the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University 210: 29-103.

Popular Articles
Philbrick, C. T. 1996. Nature is exotic in Connecticut. Danbury News-Times (February).
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 1993. River weeds: a bizarre and fascinating family
of aquatic flowering plants. Aquaphyte [The Newsletter of the Center for Aquatic Plants,
Gainesville, Florida] 13:1, 6-7.
Philbrick, C. T. 1987. On collecting and identifying true-aquatic flowering plants. Natural
History Notes, Connecticut Geological & Natural History Survey. 2:2-3.
Philbrick, C. T. 1986. The floral biology of Duckweeds, the worlds smallest flowering
plants. Natural History Notes, Connecticut Geological & Natural History Survey. 1:2-3.
Philbrick, C. T. 1993. A bizarre habitat: River rapids and waterfalls as habitats for Mexican
flowering plants. Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Newsletter 8(2):7-9.
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS.
(since 1993)
Philbrick, C. T., C. P. Bove & H. I. Stevens. 2010. Geographic Distribution of Neotropical
Podostemaceae. Botany 2010 International Meetings, Providence RI, 31 July – 4 August.
http://2010.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=110
Fehrmann, S., R. Halliburton & C. T. Philbrick. 2010. Intraspecific variation in Podostemum
ceratophyllum. Botany 2010 International Meetings, Providence RI, 31 July – 4 August.
http://2010.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=503
Ruhfel, B. R., M. H. G. Gustafsson, Mats H. G., V. Bittrich, C. T. Philbrick, R. Rutishauser, P. F.
Stevens, Z. Xi & C. Davis, III. 2010. Phylogeny of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales):
evidence from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes.
http://2010.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=604
Tippery, N. P., Philbrick, C. T., & D. H. Les. 2009. Systematics and phylogenetic analysis of
neotropical riverweeds (Podostemaceae). Botany & Mycology 2009 International Meetings.
Snowbird UT, 25-29 July.
http://2009.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=482
Ruhfel, B.., V. Bittrich, M. H. G. Gustafsson, C. T. Philbrick, R. Rutishauser, P. F. Stevens, & C.
Davis, III. 2009. Systematics and biogeography of the clusioid clade (Malpighiales).
Botany & Mycology 2009 International Meetings. Snowbird UT, 25-29 July.
http://2009.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail&aid=808
Philbrick, P. K. & C. T. Philbrick. 2008. Allelopathy in Castelnavia (Podostemaceae). Botany
2008 International Meetings, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Abstract Booklet p. 52.
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Philbrick, C. T. & C. P. Bove. 2008. Endemism in Podostemaceae in Central and S. America.
Botany 2008 International Meetings, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Abstract Booklet pp.115116.
Edson, T. C., C. T. Philbrick & R. Jensen. 2008. Morphometric analyses of leaf form variation in
Mexican and Central American Marathrum (Podostemaceae). Botany 2008 International
Meetings, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Abstract Booklet p. 116.
Philbrick, C. T. 2005. Understanding the systematics and evolution of Podostemaceae: What is
the future? XVII International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria. Abstracts. P. 184
Philbrick, C. T., A. Novelo R., Rolf Rutishauser & Donald H. Les. 2001. Phylogeny
of New World Riverweeds (Podostemaceae): morphology. Abstracts for Botany 2001,
Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Philbrick, C. T., A. Novelo R. & Donald H. Les. 2001. Taxonomy and Systematics
of Podostemum (Podostemaceae). Abstracts for Botany 2001, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Philbrick, C. T.. Reproductive biology of aquatic vascular plants. VII Congreso
Latinoamericano de Botanica, Mexico City, Mexico, October 1998. Abstract booklet.
Osborn, J. M., O'Neill, S. P., & C. T. Philbrick. Comparative Pollen morphology and
ultrastructure of the Podostemaceae. 1996, 9th Intern. Palynological Congress.
Cooper, R. L., J. M. Osborn & C. T. Philbrick. Comparative pollen
morphology and ultrastructure of the Callitrichaceae. AIBS 1996
Les, D. H. & C. T. Philbrick. Phylogenetic placement of river-weeds
(Podostemaceae): insights form rbcL sequence variation. AIBS 1996
Philbrick, C. T. & D. H. Les. 1995. Systematics of North American and European
Callitriche (Callitrichaceae). American Journal of Botany 82:156.
Les, D. H., M. A. C. & C. T. Philbrick. 1995. Taxonomic realignments in the
Potamogetonaceae: evidence from molecular data. American Journal of Botany 82:144.
Rutishauser, R., M. Grubert, A. Novelo R., & C. T. Philbrick. 1995. Architecture and
developmental patterns of neotropical Podostemaceae - Podostemoideae.
12th Symposium on Morphology, Anatomy, and Systematics, Mainz, Germany.
Philbrick, C. T. & A. Novelo R. 1994. Reproductive biology of Marathrum rubrum
(Podostemaceae): testing evolutionary paradigms in aquatic plants. American Journal of
Botany 81: 179-180.
Novelo R., A. & C. T. Philbrick. 1994. Oserya longifolia: a new species of
Podostemaceae from Jalisco, Mexico. American Journal of Botany 81: 177.
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