Cell Structure and Function
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
What is the composition of the cytoskeleton?
Why are plasma membranes selectively permeable?
How do enzymes affect biological reactions?
List 2 animal cell organelles and give their function.
Choose 2 of the following and define.
a. isotonic
b. hypertonic
c. hypotonic
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True/False Facilitated diffusion requires the use of a carrier.
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Calculate the speed of diffusion if perfume sprayed in one corner of a room takes
45 min. for someone sitting 3000 cm away to smell it. (Hint: units are mm/hr)
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What is the term used to describe a cell that swells up in a hypotonic solution?
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Why a potato was hard in water and soft in a glucose solution?
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Match:
1. Nucleus
a. Same concentration
2. Mitochondrion
b. Shape of cell
3. Palma membrane
c. Movement of cell
4. Isotonic
d. Storage genetic information
5. Cilia/Flagella
e. Cellular respiration
6. Cytoskeleton
f. Synthesis of proteins
7. Endoplasmatic reticulum
g. Selective passage of molecules into and
out of cell
8. Golgi apparatus
h. Processing, packaging and distributing
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What is faster: diffusion through a liquid or through a semisolid? Tell me
why.
Define a hypertonic solution and a hypotonic solution
Water diffuses faster in a:
a. liquid
b. semi-solid
Describe at least 2 ways molecules can pass through a plasma membrane
Draw and label an animal cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of mitochondria?
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Name any 3 cellular organelles; don’t include the cytoplasm or the cell membrane in your
list.
During _____________ , molecules of any substance move from the higher to the lower
concentration.
The part of the cell that stores the genetic information is called the ______________.
Compared to the inside of a cell, solutions can be described as being either hypotonic,
isotonic, or ____________ to a cell.
Answer the following true or false questions by circling either T or F.
T / F
Enzymes are proteins
T / F
The Human cell wall helps protect against infections and disease
T / F
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds.
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What do lysosomes do?
What is an isotonic solution?
Define crenation.
What is a buffer?
Define hemolysis.
What is the mitochondria’s function?
What is the composition of the cytoskeleton?
Why are plasma membranes selectively permeable?
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True/False Facilitated diffusion requires the use of a carrier.

Calculate the speed of diffusion if perfume sprayed in one corner of a room takes
45 min. for someone sitting 3000 cm away to smell it. (Hint: units are mm/hr)

What is the term used to describe a cell that swells up in a hypotonic solution?
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Water diffuses faster in a:
a. Liquid
b. semi-solid
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In the space below draw a Human cell with at least 5 different organelles, be sure
to label EVERY part of your drawing. The cytoplasm and cell membrane are
NOT organelles, but they should be labeled in your drawing.
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True or False:
T / F
ALL Human cells contain cytoplasm.
T / F
The ONLY organelles with double membranes in a HUMAN cell
are the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the chloroplasts.
T / F
The function of the ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum is to
synthesize genetic material to be stored in the nucleus.
T / F
VESICLES are crucial for protein synthesis and can be found
attached to the SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum as well as free floating within the cell.
T / F
The Human cell membrane is made up of hydrophilic phosphate
heads, hydrophobic lipid tails, AND transport proteins.
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Name the cellular organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and
other lipids. _____________________
Where in the cell does cellular respiration (energy production) occur?
_______________
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are three different cellular
transport mechanisms.
Name the only one of the three that requires energy (ATP molecules) to do its job?
_____________________.
Explain the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport in your own
words.
Make sure you include a discussion of concentration gradients.
A piece of potato was placed in a beaker of PURE WATER. Water rushed ________
(into / out of) the potato cells and made the potato stiff. The potato was therefore in a
_____tonic solution.
Name the following cell structure with the following composition/structure:
“phospholipid bilayer/selectively allows molecules into and out of a cell”.
a. Golgi apparatus
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b. Nucleus
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Plasma membrane
e. Centriole
Name the process whereby water molecules diffuse across a membrane following
concentration gradients:____________.
In the lab, a potato strip was covered with a sodium chloride solution. After 1 hour,
the potato strip was limp. This means that the tonicity of the solution was
____________, compared to the potato cells.
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Another potato strip was covered with water. After 1 hour, the potato strip was stiff.
This means that the tonicity of the water was ____________, compared to the potato
cells.
1. What is the function of the mitochondria?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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2.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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3.
Draw a cell and label: Nucleus, plasma membrane and mitochondrion. Use the
back of the paper)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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4. What happen when a cell is exposed to a hypotonic solution?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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5. What is the function of a control in the lab?
________________________________________________________________________
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1.Calculate the speed of diffusion if perfume sprayed in one corner of a room takes 45
min. for someone sitting 3000 cm away to smell it. (Hint: units are mm/hr)
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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2.What organelle serves as a primary "packaging" area for molecules that will be
distributed throughout the cell?
______________________________________________________________________
________
3.Give an example of isotonic solution to blood cells.
4.True or false: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from low to high concentration
T F
T
1.
2.
3.
4.
Facilitated diffusion across the cell membrane requires ATP (energy)
F
What membrane bounds all cells?
What are organelles?
Name one organelle?
What is the process called when small molecules move across the membrane from
an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
5. What vegetable will we use in today’s lab to study the solute concentration of this
molecular movement?
6. What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
7. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
8. Is water hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic to red blood cells?
9. What organelle of an animal cell is responsible for cellular respiration?
10. In red blood cells, what is hemolysis?
11. Name one of the two paths of blood we will be studying today.
____________________________ circuit