SEDIMENT EXERCISE
Figure is from: http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_thurman_essofocean_8/0,9371,1478543-,00.html
PART I. Using the map above to identify the following:
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Calcareous oozes
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Siliceous oozes
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Red Clays
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Siliceous oozes composed of diatoms
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Siliceous oozes composed of radiolarians
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Upwelling areas
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Areas where the thickest sediments accumulate
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Sediments accumulate in the deepest oceans?
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Sediments accumulate in the shallowest regions of the oceans?
PART II. Focus on Siliceous Sediments
This is the composition of siliceous sediments ____________
What organisms form siliceous oozes? _______________________
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Label either “phytoplankton” or “zooplankton”: Radiolarians ______________ Diatoms _______________
What is upwelling? ______________________________________________________________________
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Use lecture noted for the following diagram:
Ocean
Continent
Draw arrows showing the upwelling of waters
With “X”s show the organisms living near the surface of the ocean waters
With arrows leading from the organism towards the ocean floor, show organisms falling to the sea floor
Using “P” and “N”, show where phosphorous and Nitrogen are released from organisms.
Using “P” and “N”, show phosphorous and Nitrogen being transported upwards by upwelling waters
Give a detailed explanation of what you drew and why diatoms are associated with upwelling
waters____________________________________________________________________________________
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PART III. Focus on calcareous sediments
Write the formula for carbonic acid formed when water combines with carbon dioxide
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What is the composition of calcareous sediments? __________________________
What organisms form calcareous oozes? _________________________
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True/False
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More carbonic acid will form in warmer waters
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Calcareous sediments are found below the CCD
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Deeper colder ocean waters hold more CO2
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Warmer ocean waters contain more carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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Calcareous sediments will dissolve in waters that have less carbonic acid (H2CO3)
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Calcareous sediments will dissolve in warm shallow ocean waters
Use your knowledge to explain the relationship of the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD), CO2, ,
temperature of ocean waters, and the formation of carbonic acid using the diagram below
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Putting it all together! Think about the type of sediment deposited in different
parts of the ocean and why.