MIDLANDS STATE UNIVERSITY HAFL 402: DEVELOPMENTS IN LEXICOGRAPHY MODULE OUTLINE LECTURER: M. MAPHOSA (ROOM 66) E-MAIL: maphosam@msu.ac.zw 1.0. PREAMBLE This module focuses on dictionaries in general and specifically looks at three aspects of dictionaries i.e. the practice or profession of compiling dictionaries (practical lexicography, the evaluation of the products of lexicography (dictionary criticism) and lastly the theory of lexicography which also informs the already mentioned perspectives of lexicography (metalexicography). 2.0. OBJECTIVES This module is geared towards empowering the student with the necessary skills of analyzing language in use by following the following objectives: Defining lexicography within the broad domain of linguistics. Examining the process of dictionary making and the nature of the final product. Outlining the history and development of lexicography in Ndebele and Shona. Evaluating lexicographic works within the framework of dictionary using culture, user-friendliness and principles of dictionary making. Critiquing the case studies of Shona/Ndebele lexicographic projects with a view of assessing their ‘standards’ and user-friendliness. 3.0. TOPICS TO BE COVERED 3.1. Defining lexicography and linking it to other related disciplines. 3.2. Definition of terms. 3.3. Typological classification of dictionaries. 3.4. Elements of a dictionary. 3.5. The process of dictionary making. 3.6. The corpus in lexicography 3.7. Dictionaries and Specialized Terminology 3.8. Dictionaries and The Standardization of Languages. 3.9. Dictionaries and Culture 3.10. Conducting fieldwork in dictionary making. 3.11. Case studies of Ndebele/Shona monolingual dictionaries. 4.0. METHODOLOGY Varied methods and techniques will be adopted in this module. Some of the methods and techniques include lectures, discussions, student presentations, practical hands-on sessions and tutorials. 5.0. ASSESSMENT Student assessment in this module is in two forms i.e. continuous coursework, which contributes 25% to the final grade and end of semester examination, which contributes the other 75%. Students are reminded that attendance of lectures is COMPULSORY. 6.0. REFERENCES Alberts M (1999) “The Importance of a Business Plan when Planning a lexicographic project” in Lexikos 9. Bejoint, H. (2000) Modern Lexicography. Oxford University Press, New York. Chabata, E. (2002) “An Advanced Dictionary? Similarities and Differences between Duramazwi ReChiShona and Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona in Lexikos 12. _________(1998) “Using the Predictability Criterion for Selecting Extended verbs fro Shona Dictionaries” in Lexikos 8. _________(1995) “Advantages and Disadvantages of using the defining formats developed for the first monolingual Shona Dictionary” Unpublished B.A. Hons dissertation, UZ, Harare. Chimhundu, H. (ed) (2001) Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona. College Press, Harare. __________(ed) (1996) Duramazwi ReChiShona. College Press, Harare. Gouws, R. H. (2002) “Niching as a macrostructural Procedure” in Lexikos 12. ____________(2002) “A sequence for Meeting Lexicographic Needs” in D.J. Van Schalkwyk (ed) Lexicography as a financial asset in a multilingual South Africa”. Cape and Transvaal Printers: Cape Town. ____________(1999) “Situating a Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles within a more comprehensive lexicographic process” in Lexikos 9. ____________(1998) “Cross-Referencing as a Lexicographic device” in Lexikos 8. Hadebe, S. (ed) (2001) Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele. College Press, Harare. _____________(2002) “The Standardisation of the Ndebele Language through dictionary making”. D Phil dissertation, University of Oslo in Collaboraton with the University of Zimbabwe, Oslo and Harare. _____________(2002) “The Ndebele Language Corpus: A review of Some factors Influencing the Content of the corpus” in Lexikos 12. Hannan, M (1959) Standard Shona Dictionary. The Literature Bureau, Harare. Hartmann R.R.K. (1983) Lexicography: Pricniples and Practice. Academic Press Inc, London. Kavanagh, K. (2000) “Words in a Cultural Context” in Lexikos 10. Kennedy, G (1998) An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics, Addison Wesely Longman Ltd Khumalo, L. (2002) “Defining Formats and Corpus based Examples in the General Ndebele Dictionary, Isichazamazwi SeSiNdebele” in Lexikos 12. Kipfer, B.A. (1984) Workbook in lexicography: a course for dictionary users with glossary of English lexicographic terms. University of Exeter, Exeter. Landau, S.I. (2001) Dictionaries: The art and craft of lexicography. CUP, Cambridge. Louw, P.A. (1999) “Access Structures in a Standard Translation Dictionary” in Lexikos 9 Magwa, W. (2002) “The art of making dictionaries in Zimbabwe: The Case of Shona” in Moto February Issue, Mambo Press, Gweru. Maphosa, M. (1999) “The morphological structure of the verb in Ndebele and its implications on headword and sense selection in Ndebele dictionaries”. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Zimbabwe. __________(1997) “The morphological structure of the noun in Ndebele and its implications on the ordering of entries in Ndebele dictionaries. Unpublished B.A. Honours dissertation, University of Zimbabwe. Mavhu, W.M. (2003) “Disregarding the corpus: Headword and Sense Treatment in Shona Monolingual Lexicography” in Lexikos 13. Mdee J.S. (1999) “Dictionaries and the Standardisation of Spelling in Swahili” in Lexikos 9. Mojela V.M. (2002) “The Cause of Urban Slang and Its effect on the Development of the Northern Sotho Lexicon” in Lexikos 12. Ncube, C. (2005) “Language Development or Language Corruption? The Case of Loanwords in Isichazamazwi SeSiNdebele” in Lexikos 15. Nkabinde A.C. (2003) “The Implications of Culture for Dictionaries of the African Languages” in Lexikos 13. Nong et al. (2002) “Loanwords and Indigenous Words in Northern Sotho- A Lexicographic Perspective” in Lexikos 12. Pelling J.N. (1966) A Practical Ndebele Dictionary. 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