Name: _________________________________
ID: _____________________________
Psychology 3102, Fall 2001 (Carey)
Test 1
Matching
(not all the letters will be used)
A) genetic regulation and development
genetic load _____
B) proportion of individuals with a given genotype
exhibiting an associated phenotype
inheritance of information _____
C) encouraging people with positive traits to have
children
pleiotropy _____
D) estimated number of deleterious recessive genes carried
by an individual
Lyonization _____
E) the blueprint for life is passed from parents to offspring
anticipation _____
F) addition of a methyl group to cytosine
variable expressivity _____
G) X-chromosome inactivation
penetrance _____
H) a genetic disorder can be caused by mutations in several
different genes
epigenesis _____
I) the current generation is more severely affected than the
preceding generation
genetic heterogeneity _____
J) a single genotype can generate a wide range of phenotypic
values for a continuous trait
K) a single gene can influence several different phenotypes
Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the “energy packet” of the cell:
a) ribosome
b) synapse
c) operon
d) endoplasmic reticulum
e) mitochondria
_____
Social Darwinism is:
a) a eugenics program
b) a political theory
c) a form of compulsory sterilization
d) imprisonment of geneticists
e) the topic of the book “Origin of Species”
_____
What are the building blocks of proteins:
a) nucleic acids
b) nucleosomes
c) histones
d) amino acids
e) nucleotides
_____
The first form of genetic engineering took the form of:
a) sheep cloning
b) breeding plants and animals for desired traits
c) selectively breeding horses for racing
d) compulsory sterilization
e) American eugenics legislation
_____
Which of the following bred peas to study heredity:
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Morgan
d) Galton
e) Linnaeus
_____
The physical unit of inheritance is:
a) the gene
b) the codon
c) the chromosome
d) the nucleosome
e) the nucleus
_____
A chain or chains of amino acids folded into 3-D is:
a) a peptide
b) a promoter
c) a polypeptide
d) a protein
e) a codon
_____
Ribosomes are:
a) located on the endoplasmic reticulum
b) protein factories
c) present in cells in thousands of copies
_____
d) located within the cytoplasm of the cell
e) all of the above
Who performed the fist empirical study in behavioral genetics, “Hereditary Genius”:
a) Hippocrates
b) Mendel
c) Galton
d) Fisher
e) Morgan
_____
How many chromosomes are present in most cells (excluding gametes):
a) 23
b) 42
c) 21
d) 46
e) 24
_____
The major genetic consequence of hormones is:
a) binding to their receptors
b) enhancing and inhibiting transcription
c) setting off second messenger systems
d) allowing ions to enter and exit the cell
e) none of the above
_____
Which of the following is not a result of synaptic transmission:
a) excess neurotransmitter is enzymatically degraded
b) ion pores are opened
c) neurotransmitter binds to post-synaptic receptors
d) cells divide by meiosis
e) second messenger systems are turned on
_____
Transfer RNA:
a) carries an amino acid to attach to the polypeptide chain
b) has an anti-codon specific for an amino acid
c) binds to the messenger RNA
d) resembles a four-leaf clover
e) all of the above
_____
There are at least how many coding genes in the human genome:
a) 3,000
b) 13,000
c) 30,000
d) 130,000
e) 300,000
_____
Which of the following is not true about Hox genes:
_____
a) they regulate the development of cell axis
b) they can make fly legs grow out of the eye
c) they are arranged linearly on a chromosome
d) their sequence is highly conserved throughout evolution
e) they code for enzymes responsible for hemoglobin oxygenation
Which of the following is true of the Human Genome Project:
a) it is being done entirely in the United States
b) the first phase is already completed
c) its purpose is to locate all Mendelian disorders
d) in terms of scientific expenditures, it is very cheap
e) all of the above
_____
True/False
Sickle cell anemia is caused by the mutation of a single base.
T
F
CAH females behave like their normal brothers.
T
F
A gene is polymorphic if it affects more than one trait.
T
F
All of the DNA is found in the cell nucleus.
T
F
ALDH-2 deficiency homozygotes are completely protected against alcoholism.
T
F
Wallace and Darwin both developed the principles of natural selection.
T
F
Buck vs. Bell overturned the sterilization laws of the early 1900’s.
T
F
In the lac operon, the regulatory protein regulates the lactose let into the cell.
T
F
Some PKU individuals have normal IQ.
T
F
Lactose tolerance is correlated with ecology.
T
F
5-15% of the human genome codes for structural genes.
T
F
Fill in the Blank
In PKU, levels of ____________________ are high in the urine of affected individuals.
____________________ DNA is maternally transmitted.
A(n) ____________________ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions.
Most cells of the body divide by ____________________, but gametes divide by
____________________.
The elongated part of the nerve cell is called the ____________________.
The allele that causes the disease ____________________ also provides protection against a
certain type of malaria.
____________________ (#) nucleotides make up a codon.
During editing of mRNA, ____________________ are cut out and ____________________ are
spliced together.
The ____________________ region of a gene is where transcription machinery binds and
initiates transcription.
____________________ is the most common Mendelian disorder associated with mental
retardation.
Short Answer
Name the four bases (nucleotides) in DNA and show their pairings (give the full names, not just
the letters).
How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of the nucleotides and pairings above?
Briefly explain how transcription factors can alter gene expression.
Name the 5 steps of protein synthesis (in English and/or Scientificese).
Give one example of a disorder caused by a metabolic block and describe it.
Define a structural gene.