Max Ferdinand Perutz Bibliography . Perutz 1 Max Ferdinand Perutz—Bibliography 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. . M. F. Perutz. Umkristallisieren von kleinen Mengen. Z. Kristallogr. A96, 328-329, 1937. M. F. Perutz. 'Iron-rhodonite' (from slag) and pyroxmangite and their relation to rhodonite. Mineralogical Magazine 24, 573-576, 1937. J. D. Bernal, I. Fankuchen & M. F. Perutz. An X-ray study of chymotrypsin and haemoglobin. Nature 141, 523-524, 1938. M. F. Perutz. Absorption spectra of single crystals of haemoglobin in polarized light. Nature 143, 731-734, 1939. M. F. Perutz. Radioactive nodules from Devonshire, England. Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 51, 141-161, 1939. M. F. Perutz & G. Seligman. A crystallographic investigation of glacier structure and the mechanism of glacier flow. Proc. Roy. Soc. A172, 335-360, 1939. M. F. Perutz. 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A description of the iceberg aircraft carrier and the bearing of the mechanical properties of frozen wood pulp on some problems of glacier flow. J. Glaciol. 1, 95-104, 1947. M. F. Perutz & O. Weisz. Crystal structure of human carboxyhaemoglobin. Nature 160, 786-788, 1947. M. F. Perutz. Submicroscopic structure of the red cell. Nature 161, 204-206, 1948. J. C. Kendrew & M. F.Perutz. A comparative X-ray study of foetal and adult sheep haemoglobins. Proc. Roy. Soc. A194, 375-398, 1948. M. F. Perutz. Recent developments in the x-ray study of haemoglobin. In Haemoglobin (Eds F. J. W. Roughton & J. C. Kendrew). Butterworths, London, 135-146, 1949. J.C. Kendrew & M. F. Perutz. The application of X-ray crystallography to the study of biological macromolecules. In Haemoglobin (Eds F. J. W. Roughton & J. C. Kendrew). Butterworths, London, 161-179, 1949. M. F. Perutz. An X-ray study of horse methaemoglobin. II. Proc. Roy. Soc. A195, 474-499, 1949. M. F. Perutz. 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An optical method for finding the molecular orientation in different forms of crystalline haemoglobin; changes in dichroism accompanying oxygenation and reduction. Proc. Roy. Soc. B141, 69-71, 1953. M. F. Perutz. Polarization dichroism, form birefringence, and molecular orientation in crystalline haemoglobins. Acta Cryst. 6, 859-864, 1953. W. L. Bragg, E. R. Howells & M. F. Perutz. The structure of haemoglobin. II. Proc. Roy. Soc. A222, 33-44, 1954. M. F. Perutz. The structure of haemoglobin. III. Direct determination of the molecular transform. Proc. Roy. Soc. A225, 264-286, 1954. D. W. Green, V. M. Ingram & M. F. Perutz. The structure of haemoglobin. IV. Sign determination by the isomorphous replacement method. Proc. Roy. Soc A225, 287-307, 1954. E. R. Howells & M. F. Perutz. The structure of haemoglobin. V. Imidazole-methaemoglobin: a further check of the signs. Proc. Roy. Soc. A225, 308-314, 1954. W. L. Bragg & M. F. Perutz. The structure of haemoglobin. VI. 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Muirhead, M. F. Perutz, M. G. Rossmann & A. C. T. North. The structure of haemoglobin. VIII. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 5.5Å resolution: determination of the phase angles. Proc. Roy. Soc. A265, 15-38, 1961. A. F. Cullis, H. Muirhead, M. F. Perutz, M. G. Rossmann & A. C. T. North. The structure of haemoglobin. IX. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 5.5Å resolution: description of the structure. Proc. Roy. Soc. A265, 161-187, 1962. M. F. Perutz. The structure of proteins. Biochemical Society Symposia 21, 80-87, 1962. M. F. Perutz. Relation between structure and sequence of haemoglobin. Nature 194, 914-917, 1962. M. F. Perutz. X-ray analysis of haemoglobin. Nobel lecture. Dec. 1962. M. F. Perutz. Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1962. H. Muirhead & M. F. Perutz. Structure of haemoglobin. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis of reduced human haemoglobin at 5.5Å resolution. Nature 199, 633-639, 1963. M. F. Perutz. X-ray analysis of hemoglobin. 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Simon, W. H. Konigsberg, W. Bolton & M. F. Perutz. Identity of structure of horse deoxy- and oxyhaemoglobin after reaction with bis(N-maleidomethyl)ether. J. Mol. Biol. 28, 451-454, 1967. H. Muirhead, J. M. Cox, L. Mazzarella & M. F. Perutz. Structure and function of haemoglobin. III. A threedimensional Fourier symthesis of human deoxyhaemoglobin at 5.5Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 28, 117-156, 1967. M. F. Perutz. Some molecular controls in biology. Endeavour 26, 3-8, 1967. W. Bolton, J. M. Cox & M. F. Perutz. Structure and function of haemoglobin. IV. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis of horse deoxyhaemoglobin at 5.5Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 33, 283-297, 1968. M. F. Perutz. Preparation of haemoglobin crystals. J. Crystal Growth 2, 54-56, 1968. H. Muirhead, J. Cox, L. Mazzarella & M. F. Perutz. A comparison of the structures of horse oxy- and human deoxyhaemoglobin. Journal de Chimie Physique 65, 188, 1968. M. F. Perutz, H. Muirhead, J. M. Cox, L. C. G. Goaman, F. S. Mathews, E. L. McGandy & L. E Webb. Threedimensional Fourier synthesis of horse oxyhaemoglobin at 2.8Å resolution: (1) X-ray analysis. Nature 219, 29-32, 1968. M. F. Perutz. Founder of phage genetics. (Review of P. Fischer, Licht und Leben: Ein Bericht über Max Delbrück, den Wegbereiter der Molekularbiologie.) Nature 220, 639-640, 1969. Republished as Big fleas have little fleas … in (**305) 177-180. M. F. Perutz, H. Muirhead, J. M. Cox & L. C. G. Goaman. Three-dimensional Fourier synthesis of horse oxyhaemoglobin at 2.8Å Resolution: II. The atomic model. Nature 219, 131-139, 1968. M. F. Perutz & H. Lehmann. Molecular pathology of human haemoglobin. Nature 219, 902-909, 1968. M. F. Perutz. DNA helix. Science 164, 1537-1539, 1969. M. F. Perutz. The haemoglobin molecule. The Croonian Lecture 1968. Proc. Roy. Soc. B173, 113-140, 1969. M. F. Perutz, H. Muirhead, L. Mazzarella, R. A. Crowther, J. Greer & J. V. Kilmartin. Identification of residues responsible for the alkaline Bohr effect in haemoglobin. Nature 222, 1240-1243, 1969. M. F. Perutz. Suggested interpretation of diminished Bohr effect in haemoglobin Hiroshima. Nature 224, 269, 1969. M. F. Perutz. X-ray analysis, structure and function of enzymes. The first Sir Hans Krebs Lecture. Eur. J. Biochem. 8, 455-466 , 1969. M. F. Perutz. The structure of proteins as revealed by x-ray analysis. A contribution of physics to biology. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 113, 247-264, 1969. M. F. Perutz. Hemoglobin. In: Encyclopedia of polymer science and technology, II, 646-677, 1969. M. F. Perutz. Molecular Biology. In: Aspects of Medical Research, 1948-1968, Medical Research Council Annual Report, April 1968-March 1969, pp41-59, 1969. W. Bolton & M. F. Perutz. Three dimensional Fourier synthesis of horse deoxyhaemoglobin at 2.8Å resolution. Nature 228, 551-552, 1970. M. F. Perutz. Stereochemistry of cooperative effects in haemoglobin. Nature 228, 726-739, 1970. M. 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Perutz & L. F. Ten Eyck. Stereochemistry of cooperative effects in hemoglobin. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, XXXVI, 295-310, 1971. J. A. Hewitt, J. V. Kilmartin, L. F. Ten Eyck & M. F. Perutz. Noncooperativity of the reaction of hemoglobin with oxygen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 69, 203-207, 1972. M. F. Perutz, P. D. Pulsinelli & H. M. Ranney. Structure and subunit interaction of haemoglobin M Milwaukee. Nature New Biology 237, 259-264, 1972. M. F. Perutz. Nature of haem-haem interaction. Nature New Biology 237. 495-499, 1972. A. D. McLachlan, M. F. Perutz & P. D. Pulsinelli. Subunit interactions in haemoglobin. 23 Colloquium der Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie, 13-15 April 1972, Mosbach/Baden. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg), 91110, 1972. N. L. Anderson & M. F. Perutz. Site of the amino-acid substitution in haemoglobin Seattle (α2Aβ270Asp). Nature New Biology 243, 274-275, 1973. J. T. Finch, M. F. Perutz, J. F. Bertles & J. Döbler. Structure of sickled erythrocytes and of sickle-cell hemoglobin fibers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 718-722, 1973. Perutz 4 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. . M. F. Perutz. Methaemoglobin and the problem of haem-haem interaction. Biochemical Soc. Trans. 42-43, 1973. M. F. Perutz. Stereochemical interpretation of high oxygen affinity of haemoglobin Little Rock 243, 180-181, 1973. P. D. Pulsinelli, M. F. Perutz & R. L. Nagel. Structure of hemoglobin M Boston, a variant with a fivecoordinated ferric heme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3870-3874, 1973. M. F. Perutz. Haemoglobin as a model of an allosteric protein. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 27, 1-3, 1973. M. F. Perutz. Stereochemistry of cooperative effects in haemoglobin. In: From theoretical physics to biology. Proceedings of 3rd international conference, 1971, ed. M. Marois. (Karger, Basel.) 247-285, 1973. M. F. Perutz. Beispiele für die moleculare Steuerung biologischer Vorgange. In: Grundlagen der cytology, eds. G. C. Hirsch et al. (Gustav Fischer, Jena.) 117-122, 1973. M. F. Perutz. Mechanism of denaturation of haemoglobin by alkali. Nature 247, 341-344, 1974. A. Arnone & M. F. Perutz. Structure of inositol hexaphosphate-human deoxyhaemoglobin complex. Nature 249, 34-36, 1974. M. F. Perutz, J. E. Ladner, S. R. Simon & Chien Ho. Influence of globin structure on the state of the heme. I. Human Deoxyhaemoglobin. Biochemistry 13, 2163-2173, 1974. M. F. Perutz, A. R. Fersht, S. R. Simon & G. C. K. Roberts. Influence of globin structure on the state of the heme. II. Allosteric transitions in methemoglobin. Biochemistry 13, 2174-2186, 1974. M. F. Perutz, E. J. Heidner, J. E. Ladner, J. G. Beetlestone, C. Ho & E. F. Slade. Influence of globin structure on the state of the heme. III. Changes in heme spectra accompanying allosteric transitions in methemoglobin and their implications for heme-heme interaction. Biochemistry 13, 2187-2200, 1974. M. F. Perutz & H. Raidt. Stereochemical basis of heat stability in bacterial ferredoxins and in haemoglobin A2. Nature 255, 256-259, 1975. M. F. Perutz. Haemoglobin behaves as an allosteric protein. In: Erythrocyte Structure and Function (Alan R. Liss, New York), 3-20, 1975. E. J. Heidner, R. C. Ladner & M. F. Perutz. Structure of horse carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin. J. Mol. Biol. 104, 707-722, 1976. M. F. Perutz, J. V. Kilmartin, K. Nagai, A. Szabo & S. R. Simon. Influence of globin structures on the state of the heme. Ferrous low spin derivatives. Biochemistry 15, 378-387, 1976. T. Asakura, K. Adachi, J. S. Wiley, L. W. M. Fung, C. Ho, J. V. Kilmartin & M. F. Perutz. Structure and 104, 185-195, 1976. A. Szabo & M. F. Perutz. 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Alberding, S. S. Chan, L. Eisenstein, H. Frauenfelder, D. Good, I. C. Gunsalus, T. M. Nordlund, M. F. Perutz, A. H. Reynolds & L. B. Sorensen. Binding of Carbon Monoxide to Isolated Hemoglobin Chains. Biochemistry, 17, 43-51, 1978. M. F. Perutz, J. K. M. Sanders, D. H. Chenery, R. W. Noble, R. R. Pennelly, L. W.-M. Fung, C. Ho, I. Giannini, D. Porschke & H. Winkler. Interactions between the quaternary structure of the globin and the spin state of the heme in ferric mixed spin derivatives of hemoglobin. Biochemistry 17, 3640-3652, 1978. Perutz 5 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. . C. Messana, M. Cerdonio, P. Shenkin, R. W. Noble, G. Fermi, R. N. Perutz & M. F. Perutz. Influence of quaternary structure of the globin on thermal spin equilibria in different methemoglobin derivatives. Biochemistry, 17, 3652-3662, 1978. M. F. Perutz. Molecular adaptation in haemoglobin and thermophile bacteria. Differentiation 13, 47-50, 1979. M. F. Perutz. Regulation of oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. Influence of structure of the globin on the heme iron. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 48, 327-386, 1979. M. F. Perutz. Origins of molecular biology. New Scientist 31 January, 326-329, 1980. M. F. Perutz & K. Imai. Regulation of oxygen affinity of mammalian haemoglobins. J. Mol. Biol. 136, 183191, 1980. M. F. Perutz. Stereochemical mechanism of oxygen transport. Proc. Roy. Soc. B208, 135-162, 1980. J. V. Kilmartin, J. H. Fogg & M. F. Perutz. Role of C-terminal histidine in the alkaline Bohr effect of human hemoglobin. Biochemistry 19, 3189-3193, 1980. M. F. Perutz, J. V. Kilmartin, K. Nishikura, J. H. Fogg, P. J. G. Butler & H. S. Rollema. Identification of residues contributing to the Bohr effect of human haemoglobin. J.Mol.Biol. 138, 649-670, 1980. M. F. Perutz. L’impatto della scienza sulla societa. Critica Marxista 6,131-152, 1980. M. F. 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Republished as How to become a scientist in (**225) 193-201. M. .F. Perutz, C. Bauer, G. Gros, F. Leclerq, C. Vandecasserie, A.G. Schnek, G. Braunitzer, A. E. Friday and K.A. Joysey. Allosteric regulation of crocodilian haemoglobin. Nature 291, 682-684, 1981. G. Fermi & M. F. Perutz. Atlas of molecular structures in biology: haemoglobin and myoglobin. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981. S. E. V. Phillips, D. Hall & M. F. Perutz. Structure of deoxyhaemoglobin Zürich (HisE7(63 Mol. Biol., 150, 137-141, 1981. M. F. Perutz. Iron Lady. (Review of J. Goodfield, An imagined world.) London Review of Books, September 1981. Republished as More about immunity in (**225) 234-241. M. F. Perutz. Why we need science. New Scientist, 19 Nov, 530-536, 1981. G. Fermi, M. F. Perutz, L. C. Dickinson & J. C. W. Chien. Structure of human deoxy cobalt haemoglobin J. Mol. Biol. 155, 495-505, 1982. M. F. Perutz, S. S. Hasnain, P. J. Duke, J. L. Sessler & H. E. Hahn. Stereochemistry of iron in deoxyhaemoglobin. Nature 295, 535-538, 1982. M. F. Perutz. A cycle ride to Stockholm. (Review of H. Krebs with A. Martin, Reminiscences and reflections.) Nature 296, 512-514, 1982. Republished as Life's energy cycle in (**305), 295-299. M. F. Perutz & M. Brunori. Stereochemistry of cooperative effects in fish and amphibian haemoglobins. Nature 299, 421-426, 1982. M. F. Perutz. Nature's bits and pieces. (Review of F. Jacob, The possible and the actual.) Times Literary Supplement, London, September 1982. Republished with additions as Nature's tinkering in (**225) 210-216. M. F. Perutz. Control of oxygen affinity of the heme by the structure of the globin in hemoglobin. In: Hemoglobin and oxygen binding, ed. Chien Bo. (Elsevier/North-Holland) 113-118, 1982. M. F. Perutz. The impact of science on society. ICSU Lectures 1982. S. E. V. Phillips, M. F. Perutz, C. Poyart & H. Wajcman. Structure and function of haemoglobin Barcelona 164, 477-480, 1983. D. J. Abraham, M. F. Perutz & S. E. V. Phillips. Physiological and x-ray studies of potential antisickling agents. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 324-328, 1983. M. F. Perutz. Jewish nationalism and the liberal ideal. Nature 302, 781-782, 1983. Republished as Chemist into statesman in (**225) 184-190. M. F. Perutz & C. Poyart. Bezafibrate lowers oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. The Lancet, October 15, 1983. L. J. Parkhurst, D. J. Goss & M. F. Perutz. Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the role of t the Root effect and cooperativity in carp hemoglobin. Biochemistry 22, 5401-5409, 1983. M. F. Perutz. Species adaptation in a protein molecule. Mol. Biol. Evol., 1, 1-28, 1983. Also Adv.Prot.Chem. 36, 213, 1984. G. Fermi, M. F. Perutz, B. Shaanan & R. Fourme. The crystal structure of human deoxyhaemoglobin at 1.74Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 175, 159-174, 1984. Perutz 6 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. . M. F. Perutz, G. Fermi & D. T-b. Origin of the alkaline Bohr effect and electrostatic interactions in hemoglobin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 4781-4784, 1984. A. M. Gronenborn, G. M. Clore, M. Brunori, B. Giardina, G. Falcioni & M. F. Perutz. Stereochemistry of ATP and GTP bound to fish haemoglobins. J. Mol. Biol. 178, 731-742, 1984. M. F. Perutz, A. M. Gronenborn, G. M. Clore, J. H. Fogg & D. T-b. Shih. The pKa's of two histidines in human haemoglobin, the Bohr effect, and the dipole moments of -helices. J. Mol. Biol. 183, 491-498, 1985. M. F. Perutz, A. M. Gronenborn, G. M. Clore, D. T-b.Shih & C. T.Craescu. Comparison of histidine proton magnetic resonances of human carbonmonoxyhaemoglobin in different buffers. J. Mol. Biol. 186, 471-473, 1985. K. Nagai, M. F. Perutz & C. Poyart. Oxygen binding properties of human mutant hemoglobins synthesized in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 7252-7255, 1985. M. F. Perutz. Lab Lib. (Review of D. Wilson, Rutherford, simple genius.) London Review of Books, June 1985. Republished as Discoverer of the atomic nucleus in (**225) 164-171. M. F. Perutz. The birth of protein engineering. New Scientist, 13 June, 12-15, 1985. M. F. Perutz That was the war : enemy alien. New Yorker, August 1985. Republished in (**225) 101-136, and (**305) 73-106. M. F. Perutz Early days of protein crystallography. Methods in Enz.114A, 3-18, 1985. M. F. Perutz. Brave new world. (Review of G. Feinberg, Solid clues: quantum physics, molecular biology, and the future of science.) New York Review of Books, September 1985. Republished in (**225) 172-180. M. F. Perutz. A clam with a difference. Nature (News & Views) 316, 210, 1985. M. F. Perutz. Lucky Alec. (Review of G. Macfarlane, Alexander Fleming: the man and the myth.) New York Review of Books, March, 1986. Republished as Discoverers of penicillin in (**225) 149-163. K. Nagai, M. F. Perutz & C. Poyart. Studies of haemoglobin functions by site-directed mutagenesis. Phil. Trans. Roy. .Soc. A317, 443-447, 1986. M. F. Perutz. Concluding remarks, Royal Society Discussion Meeting on "Design, Construction and Properties of Novel Protein Molecules", 5-6 June 1985. Phil. Trans. Roy. .Soc. A317, 449-451 1986. M. F. Perutz. A new view of Darwinism. New Scientist, 2 October, 36-38, 1986. Republished as Darwin, Popper and evolution in (**225) 217-223, and as Darwin was right in (**305) 201-208. M. F. Perutz, G. Fermi, D. J. Abraham, C. Poyart & E. Burseaux. Hemoglobin as a receptor of drugs and peptides: X-ray studies of the stereochemistry of binding. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 1064-1078, 1986. M. F. Perutz. Founder of phage genetics. (Review of P. Fischer, Licht und Leben, ein Bericht über Max Delbrück, den Wegbereiter der Molekularbiologie.) Nature 320, 639-640, 1986. M. F. Perutz. German scientist. (Review of J. L. Heilbron. The dilemmas of an upright man: Max Planck as a spokesman for German science. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1986.) London Review of Books, January 1987. Republished as Discoverer of the quantum in (**225) 172-180. M. F. Perutz. Physics and the riddle of life. (Review of E. Schrödinger, What is life?) In: Schrödinger: centenary celebration of a polymath, ed. J.W. Kilmister. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) 1987. Republished in Nature 326, 555-558, 1987 and in (**225) 242-259. M. F. Perutz. I wish I’d made you angry earlier. The Scientist, February 23, 1987. Republished in (**305), 173-175. M. F. Perutz. Inhibition into activation. Nature (News & Views) 326, 745, 1987. M. F. Perutz. How the secret of life itself was discovered. Daily Telegraph, London, 27 April, 1987. Republished as Discoverers of the double helix in (**225) 181-183. D. T-b. Shih, M. F.Perutz, A. Gronenborn & G. M. Clore. Histidine proton resonances of carbonmonoxyhaemoglobins A and Cowtown in chloride-free buffer. J.Mol.Biol. 195, 453-455, 1987. D. T.-b. Shih & M. F. Perutz. Influence of anions and protons on the Adair coefficients of haemoglobins A and Cowtown (His HC3(146) ->Leu). J.Mol.Biol. 195, 419-422, 1987. M. Brunori, A. Bellelli, B. Giardina, S. Condo & M. F. Perutz. Is there a Root effect in Xenopus hemoglobin? FEBS Letts. 221, 161-166, 1987. M. F. Perutz, G. Fermi, B. Luisi, B. Shaanan, & R. C. Liddington. Stereochemistry of cooperative mechanisms in hemoglobin. Accts. Chem. Res. 20, 309, 1987. Reprinted in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology LII, 555-565, 1987. M. F. Perutz. Molecular anatomy, physiology and pathology of hemoglobin. In: Molecular basis of blood diseases, eds. G.Stamatoyannopoulos, A.W. Nienhuis, P. Leder & P.W.Majerus. (W.B. Saunders Company) 1987. M. F. Perutz. The birth of molecular biology. New Scientist 21 May, 38-41, 1987. M. F. Perutz. Protein engineering – inhibition into action. Nature (News and Views) 326, 745, 1987. M. F. Perutz. Spying made easy. (Review of N. Moss, Klaus Fuchs, the man who stole the atom bomb.) London Review of Books, June 1987. Republished as Atom spy in (**225) 217-223. M. F. Perutz. Reinhold Benesch (1919-1986) (Obituary). Nature 325, 576, 1987. Perutz 7 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. . B. F. Luisi, K. Nagai & M. F. Perutz. X-Ray crystallographic and functional studies of human haemoglobin mutants produced in Escherichia coli. (Haemoglobin. Proc. Int. Meeting, London 1986.) Acta Haemat. 78, 85-89, 1987. G. Fermi, M. F. Perutz & R. G. Shulman. Iron distances in hemoglobin: Comparison of X-ray crystallographic and extended X-ray absorption fine structure studies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 6167-6168, 1987. M. F. Perutz. Keilin and the Molteno. Cambridge Review, October, 152-157, 1987. Republished in The Biochemist, Apr/May, 17-20, 1992 and in Selected topics in the history of biochemistry, personal recollections, eds G. Semenza & R. Jaenicke. V. Comprehensive Biochemistry 40, 57-66, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Department of Defense. (Review of R.S. Desowitz, The thorn in the starfish.) New York Review of Books, October 1987. Republished in (**225) 224-233. M. F. Perutz. How to stifle innovation (comment on the ABRC Report). New Scientist, 10 December, 57, 1987. M. F. Perutz, G. Fermi, J. Fogg & S. Rahbar. Indirect allosteric effects of a neutral mutation. Structure of deoxyhaemoglobin North Chicago (ProC2(36) 201, 459-461, 1988. M. Levitt & M. F. Perutz. Aromatic rings act as hydrogen bond acceptors. J.Mol.Biol. 201, 751-754, 1988. M. F. Perutz. Rita and the Four Gs. (Review of R. Levi-Montalcini, In Praise of Imperfection - My Life and Work) Nature 332, 791, 1988. M. F. Perutz. Portrait of the scientist as a young man. (Review of F. Jacob, The statue within: an autobiography.) New York Review of Books, 12 May, 1988. Republished as Liberating France in (**305), 65-72. I. Lalezari, S. Rahbar, P. Lalezari, G. Fermi & M. F. Perutz. LR16, a compound with potent effects on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, on blood cholesterol, and on low density lipoprotein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6117-6121,1988. M. F. Perutz. Control by phosphorylation. Nature (News & Views) 336, 202, 1988. Correction Nature 336, 624, 1988. M. F. Perutz & G. Fermi. Stereochemistry of salt-strands. Proteins: Structure, Function & Genetics 4, 294-295, 1988. M. F. Perutz Ging's ohne Forschung besser? Wissentschaftliche Gesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart. 1988. English translation Is science necessary? in (**225) 3-97. M. F. Perutz. The art of planning and managing a research laboratory. The Scientist, 8 August, 1988. M. F. Perutz. Two roads to Stockholm. (Review of R. W. Moss, Free radical: Albert Szent-Györgi and the battle over vitamin C; and of R. Levi-Montalcini, In praise of imperfections: my life and work.) New York Review of Books, 13 October 1988. Republished as The battle over vitamin C and The hormone that makes nerves grow in (**305), 131-139 and 301-303. M. F Perutz. Seeking to reveal a face of Nature (Review of L. Wolpert, A passion for science). Times Literary Supplement, 6 Jan, 1989. M. F. Perutz. Myoglobin and haemoglobin: role of distal residues in reactions with haem ligands. Trends in Biochem. Sci. 14, 42, 1989. M. F Perutz. Should genes be screened? (Review of N. A. Holtzmann, Proceed with caution: predicting genetic risks in the recombinant DNA era). New York Review of Books, 18 May, 1989. M. F. Perutz. The new Marxism. New Scientist, 15 July, 72-73, 1989. M. F. Perutz. Is science necessary? Essays on science and scientists. Barrie & Jenkins, London, 1989. M. F. Perutz. Gerhard Braunitzer (1921-1989) (Obituary). Hemoglobin 13, iii-v, 1989. M. F. Perutz. Mechanisms of cooperativity and allosteric regulation in proteins. Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 22, 139-236, 1989. Also Cambridge University Press, 1990. M. P. Kavanaugh, M. F. Perutz, G.Fermi, D. T.Shih & R. Jones. Structure and function of human hemoglobin covalently labeled with periodate-oxidized adenosine triphosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 11009-11013, 1989. M. F. Perutz. Is Britain 'befouled'? (Review of M. Robinson, Mother country: Britain, the welfare state and nuclear proliferation.) New York Review of Books, 23 November, 1989. Republished as Swords into ploughshares: does nuclear energy endanger us? in (**305), 237-251. I. Lalezari, P. Lalezari, C. Poyart, M. Marden, J. Kister, B. Bohn, G. Fermi & M. F. Perutz. New effectors of human hemoglobin: Structure and function. Biochemistry 29, 1515-1523, 1990. G.R. Honig, L. N. Vida, B. B. Rosenblum, M. F. Perutz & G. Fermi. Hemoglobin Warsaw ant with decreased oxygen affinity. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 126-132,1990. Z. Derewenda, G. Dodson, P. Emsley, D. Harris, K. Nagai, M. Perutz & J.-P. Reynaud. Stereochemistry of carbon monoxide binding to normal human adult and Cowtown haemoglobins. J. Mol. Biol. 211, 515-519, 1990. M. F. Perutz. Mechanisms regulating the reactions of human hemoglobin with oxygen and carbon monoxide. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52, 1-25, 1990. M. F. Perutz. Frequency of abnormal human haemoglobins caused by C J. Mol. Biol. 213, 203-206,1990. Also Biophys. Chem. 37, 25-29, 1990 and Bull. Soc. It. Biol. Sper. 66, 809819, 1990. Perutz 8 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. . Y. Huang, J. Pagnier, P. Magne, F. Baklouti, J. Kister, J. Delaunay, C. Poyart, G. Fermi & M. F. Perutz. Structure and function of hemoglobin variants at an internal hydrophobic site. Consequences of mutations at 29, 7020-7023, 1990. M. F. Perutz. Molecular Inventiveness. Nature (News & Views) 348, 583-584, 1990. M. F. Perutz. How Lawrence Bragg invented X-ray analysis. Proc. Roy. Inst. G.B. 62, 183-198, 1990. Also Acta Cryst. A46, 633-643, 1990 and (**305) 279-294. M. Perutz. Physics and the Riddle of Life. Comprehensive Biochemistry, eds G. Semenza and R. Jaenicke. (Elsevier) 37, 1-20, 1990. M. F. Perutz. High on science. (Review of J. Medawar, A very decided preference: life with Peter Medawar; of P. M. Medawar, The threat and the glory: reflections on science and scientists; and of N. A. Mitchison, Peter Brian Medawar: 28 February 1915-2 October 1987, Biogr. Mems. Fell. R. Soc. 35, 283-301, 1990.) New York Review of Books, 16 August 1990. Republished in (**305), 55-64. M. F. Perutz. Patriotic work. (Review of A. Sakharov, Memoirs.) London Review of Books, 27 September, 1990. Republished as Bomb designer turned dissident in (**305), 55-64. M. F. Perutz. Hemoglobin. In: Encyclopedia of Human Biology, ed. R. Dulbecco. (Academic Press, New York) 4, 135-144, 1991. T. Boehm, L. Foroni, Y. Kaneko, M. F. Perutz & T. H. Rabbits. The rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIMdomain oncogenes: distinct members are involved in T-cell translocations to human chromosomes 11p15 and 11p13. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 4367-4371, 1991. S. Bonaventura, R. Cashon, J. Bonaventura, M. Perutz, G. Fermi, D. T-b. Shih. Involvement of the distal histidine in the low affinity exhibited by Hb Chico (Lys 266, 23033-23040, 1991. M. F. Perutz. Structural revolution. (Review of C. Branden & J. Tooze, Introduction to protein structure.) Nature 353, 311, 1991. M. F. Perutz. Dangerous misprints. (Review of J. E. Bishop & M. Waldhoz, Genome.) London Review of Books, 26 September, 1991. Republished in (**305), 191-195. M. F. Perutz. A mystery of the tropics. (Review of R. S. Desowitz, The malaria capers: more tales of parasites and people, research and reality.) New York Review of Books, 16 January, 1992. Republished in (**305), 141-147. G. Fermi, M. F. Perutz, D. Williamson, P. Stein & D. T-b. Shih. Structure-function relationships in the lowaffinity mutant of haemoglobin Aalborg (Gly74(E18) 226, 883-888, 1992. M. F. Perutz. Species adaptation of the allosteric regulation of hemoglobin. In: Regulation of Proteins by Ligands. Proc. Robert A. Welch Found. Conf. Chem. Res. XXXVI. 1-14, 1992. M. F. Perutz. What are enzyme structures telling us? Roy.Soc.Chem., Faraday Discuss. 93, 1-11, 1992. M. F. Perutz. Keilin and the Molteno. The Biochemist Apr/May, 17-20, 1992. I. De Baere, L. Liu, L. Moens, J. Van Beeumen, C. Gielens, J. Richelle, C. Trotman, J. Finch, M. Gerstein & M. Perutz. Polar zipper sequence in the high affinity hemoglobin of Ascaris suum: amino acid sequence and structural interpretation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4638-4642,1992. L. Camardella, C. Caruso, R. D'Avino, G. di Prisco, B. Rutigliano, M. Tamburrini, G. Fermi & M. F. Perutz. Haemoglobin of the antarctic fish Pagothenia bernacchii. Amino acid sequence, oxygen equilibria and crystal structure of its carbonmonoxy derivative. J. Mol. Biol. 224, 449-460, 1992. M. F. Perutz. The significance of the hydrogen bond in physiology. In: The Chemical Bond: Structure & Dynamics, ed. A.Zewail. (Academic Press, New York) 1992. M. F. Perutz. Protein Structure: New Approaches to Disease and Therapy. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, 1992. M. F. Perutz. Of squids and radar. (Review of A. Hodgkin, Chance and design: reminiscences of science in peace and war.) Nature 359, 113-114, 1992. Republished as How nerves conduct electricity in (**305), 305308. M. F. Perutz. The fifth freedom. (Review of C. Djerassi, The Pill, pygmy chimps, and Degas' horse; and of E.-E. Baulieu with M. Rosenblum, The 'abortion pill'.) New York Review of Books, 8 October, 1992. Republished as The right to choose in (**305), 227-235. M. F. Perutz. Protein function below 220 K. Nature 358, 548, 1992. M. F. Perutz, R. Staden, L. Moens & I. De Baer. Polar zippers. Curr. Biol. 3, 249-253, 1993. M. F. Perutz. The fifth freedom; an essay review. Eur. Rev. 1, 243-248, 1993. D. T.-b. Shih, B. F. Luisi, G. Miyasaki, M. F. Perutz & K. Nagai. A mutagenic study of the allosteric linkage of His(HC3) 146 230, 1291-1296, 1993. M. F. Perutz, G. Fermi, C. Poyart, J. Pagnier & J. Kister. A novel allosteric mechanism in haemoglobin: structure of bovine deoxyhaemoglobin, absence of specific chloride-binding sites and origin of the chloridelinked Bohr effect in bovine and human haemoglobin. J. Mol. Biol. 233, 536-545, 1993. M. F. Perutz. The role of aromatic rings as hydrogen-bond acceptors in molecular recognition. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A345, 105-112, 1993. M. F. Perutz, R. Staden, L. Moens & I. De Baere. Polar Zippers. Current Biology 3, 249-253, 1993. Perutz 9 264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. 288. 289. 290. 291. . M. F. Perutz. Before the double helix. Co-Chairman's remarks presented at the COGENE/Symposium: 'From the Double Helix to the Human Genome: 40 Years of Molecular Genetics', UNESCO, Paris. Gene 135, 9-13, 1993. Republished as How the secret of life was discovered in (**305) 181-189. M. F. Perutz. An intellectual bumblebee. (Review of W. Lanouette with B. Silard, Genius in the shadows: a biography of Leo Szilard.) New York Review of Books, 7 October, 1993. Republished as The man who patented the bomb in (**305), 31-44. M. F. Perutz. War on Heisenberg. (Review of T. Powers, Heisenberg's war: the secret history of the German bomb; and of C. Frank (ed.) Operation Epsilon: the Farm Hall transcripts.) London Review of Books, 18 November 1993. Republished as Why did the Germans not make the Bomb? in (**305), 45-53. I. De Baere, M. F. Perutz, L. Kiger, M. Marden & C. Poyart. Formation of two hydrogen bonds from the globin to the heme-linked oxygen molecule in Ascaris hemoglobin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 15941597, 1994. M. F. Perutz, D. T.-b. Shih & D. Williamson. The chloride effect in human haemoglobin: a new kind of allosteric mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 239, 555-560, 1994. M. F. Perutz, T. Johnson, M. Suzuki & J. T. Finch. Glutamine repeats as polar zippers: Their possible role in inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5355-5358, 1994. M. A. Gilles-Gonzalez, G. Gonzalez, M. F. Perutz, L. Kiger, M. C. Marden & C. Poyart. Heme-based sensors, exemplified by the kinase FixL, are a new class of heme protein with distinctive ligand binding and autoxidation. Biochemistry 33, 8067-8073, 1994. M. F. Perutz. When to speak. Nature 367, 504,1994. M. F. Perutz. The white plague. (Review of F. Ryan, The forgotten plague: how the battle against tuberculosis was won – and lost; of S. M. Rothman, Living in the shadow of death: tuberculosis and the social experience of illness in American history; and of A. M. Kraut, Silent travelers: germs, genes and the 'immigrant menace'.) New York Review of Books, 26 May 1994. Republished as The forgotten plague in (**305), 149-162. M. F. Perutz. Linus Pauling 1901-1994. Obituary. Nature Structural Biology 1, 667-671, 1994. Republished as What holds molecules together? In (**305), 163-171. M. F. Perutz. Professor Dorothy Hodgkin (obituary) The Independent, London 1 August, 1994. Republished in Quarterly Review of Biophysics 27, 333-337, 1994; and as A passion for crystals in (285) 209-212. M. F. Perutz. Dorothy Hodgkin (1910-94) (obituary). Nature 371, 20 1994. Correction: Nature 371, 658, 1994. M. F. Perutz Molecular biology in Cambridge. In: Cambridge minds, ed. R. Mason. (Cambridge University Press) 193-203, 1994. M. F. Perutz. Polar zippers: Their role in human disease. Protein Science 3, 1629-1637, 1994. Also in Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 69, 213-224, 1995. M. A. Gilles-Gonzalez, G. Gonzalez & M. F. Perutz. Kinase activity of oxygen sensor FixL depends on the spin state of its heme iron. Biochemistry 34, 232-236, 1995. K. Stott, J. M. Blackburn, P. J. G. Butler & M. Perutz. Incorporation of glutamine repeats makes protein oligomerize: implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 65096513, 1995. E. H. Haratyunyan, T. N. Sofanova, I. P. Kuranova, A. N. Popov, A. V. Teplyakov, G. V. Obmolova, A. A. Rusakov, B. K. Vainshtein, G. G. Dodson, J. C. Wilson, & M. F. Perutz. The structure of deoxy- and oxyleghaemoglobin from Lupin. J. Mol. Biol. 251, 104-115, 1995. M. F. Perutz. Hoppe-Seyler, Stokes and haemoglobin (Guest Editorial). Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 376, 449450, 1995. M. F. Perutz. Glutamine repeats as polar zippers: their role in inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular Medicine 1, 718-721, 1995. M. F. Perutz. The chloride effect in human hemoglobin – a new kind of allosteric mechanism. Experientia 51, 197-198, 1995. M. A. Gillesgonzales, G. Gonzales & M. F. Perutz. A heme-based sensor of oxygen. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 21A, 236, 1995. M. F. Perutz. A deadly inheritance and a will of iron. (Review of D. G. Nathan, Genes, blood and courage: a boy called Immortal Sword.) Times Higher Educational Supplement, 6 October 1995. Republished as A deadly inheritance in (**305), 197-200. M. F. Perutz. The pioneer defended. (Review of G. L. Geison, The private science of Louis Pasteur.) New York Review of Books, 21 December, 1995. Republished as Deconstructing Pasteur in (**305), 119-129. M. F. Perutz. Medical aspects. In Resources and population: natural, institutional and demographic dimensions of development. A report of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, eds B. Colombo, P. Demeny & M. F. Perutz. (Oxford University Press) 63-72, 1996. M. F. Perutz. Cause of the Root effect in fish haemoglobin. Nature Structural Biol. 3, 211-212, 1996. M. F. Perutz. Taking the pressure off. Nature (News & Views) 380, 205-206, 1996. M. F. Perutz. Willing Genes. Nature 380, 383, 1996. M. F. Perutz. The cabinet of Dr Haber. (Review of D. Stolzenberg, Fritz Haber, Chemiker, Nobelpreisträger, Deutscher, Jude: eine Biographie; and of G. von Leitner, Der Fall Clara Immerwahr: Leban für eine humane Perutz 10 292. 293. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. 306. 307. 308. 309. 310. 311. 312. 313. 314. 315. 316. 317. 318. 319. 320. 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. . Wissenschaft.) New York Review of Books, 20 June 1996. Also in Recherche 297, 78-84, 1997 and as Friend or foe of mankind? in (**305) 3-16. M. F. Perutz. Glutamine repeats and inherited neurodegenerative diseases: molecular aspects. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6, 848-858, 1996. M. F. Perutz. The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Molecular Medicine 2, 659662, 1996. M. F. Perutz. By what right do we invoke human rights? Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 140, 135-147, 1996. Also in Eur. Rev. 5, 123-133, 1997 and in (**305) 215-226. M. F. Perutz. Esther Simpson (Obituary). The Times, Nov 30, 1996. M. F. Perutz. A passion for science. (Review of R.L.Sime, Lise Meitner: a life in physics.) New York Review of Books, 20 February 1997. Republished as Splitting the atom in (**305), 17-30. M. F. Perutz. Mutations make enzyme polymerize. Nature 385, 773-775, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Sir John Kendrew (Obituary). The Times, London, Aug 27, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Sir John Kendrew (1917-1997) – Obituary. Protein Sci., 6, 2684-2685, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Bedeutung der Wasserstoffbrücken für die Physiologie. Naturw. Rdsch. 49 Jahrgang. 6, 215221, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Verteidigung eines Pioniers: Louis Pasteur. Naturw. Rdsch. 50 Jahrgang. 4, 132-136, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Hemoglobin. Encyclopedia of Human Biology 4, 511-521, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Lise Meitner und die Entdeckung der Kernspaltung. Naturw. Rdsch. 50 Jahrgang 12, 463-470, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Mutations make enzymes polymerise. Nature 385, 773-774, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Science is not a quiet life. Unravelling the atomic mechanism of haemoglobin. Imperial College Press, London, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Long live the Queen’s subjects. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B352, 1919-20, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Forty years friendship with Dorothy. Curr. Sci. India 72, 450-453, 1997. M. F. Perutz. Sir John Kendrew 1917-1997 – Obituary. Chem. Brit. 34, 64-65, 1998. S. Bettati, A. Mozzarelli & M. F. Perutz. Allosteric Mechanism of Haemoglobin: Rupture of Salt-bridges Raises the Oxygen Affinity of the T-structure. J. Mol. Biol.281, 581-585, 1998. M. F. Perutz, A. J. Wilkinson, M. Paoli & G. G. Dodson. The stereochemical mechanism of the cooperative effects in hemoglobin revisited. Annu. Rev. Biophysics. Biomol. Struct. 27, 1-34, 1998. M. F. Perutz. Friendly way to science (Review of A. & A. Hogben, Lancelot Hogben: scientific humanist, an unauthorised biography). Times Higher Education Supplement, July 31, 20, 1998. M. F. Perutz. I wish I'd made you angry earlier. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1998, and Oxford University Press 1999. M. F. Perutz. In pursuit of peace and protein. (Review of G. Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: a life.) Times Higher Education Supplement, Jan 29, 22, 1999. M. F. Perutz The top designer. (Review of S. Vogel, Cats' paws and catapults: mechanical worlds of nature and people; and of F. Jacob, Of flies, mice, and men.) New York Review of Books, 22 April, 51-54, 1999. M. F. Perutz, M. Paoli & A. M. Lesk. Fix L, a haemoglobin that acts as an oxygen sensor: signalling mechanism and structural basis of its homology with PAS domains. Chemistry & Biology 6, R291-R297, 1999. M. F. Perutz. Glutamine repeats and neurodegenerative diseases: molecular aspects. Trends Biochem. Sci. 24, 58-63, 1999. Y. W. Chen, K. Stott & M. F. Perutz. Crystal structure of a dimeric chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 mutant containing an inserted glutamine repeat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1257-1261, 1999. M. F. Perutz. Will biomedicine outgrow support? Nature 399, 299-301, 1999. M. F. Perutz. Glutamine repeats and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res. Bull. 50, 467, 1999. M. F. Perutz. David Phillips (Obituary). J. Synchrotron Radiation, 6, 945-946, 1999. M. F. Perutz. Paul Sigler (Obituary). Cell,101, 23-24, 2000. M. F. Perutz. A Woman Scientist's Role Model. Notes Rec. Roy. Soc. London. 54, 387-408, 2000. M. F. Perutz. The threat of biological weapons. (Review of K. Alibek with S. Handelman, Biohazard: the chilling true story of the largest covert biological weapons program in the world - told from inside by the man who ran it.) New York Review of Books, April 13, 44-49, 2000. M. F. Perutz. Diary. London Review of Books, 6 July 2000, 35. M. F. Perutz. Max Perutz's picture choice. National Gallery News, October 2000. M. F. Perutz & A. H. Windle. Cause of neural death in neurodengenerative disease attributed to expansion of glutamine repeats. Nature 412, 143-144, 2001. M. F. Perutz. Are fluorescent monkeys keys to glowing health? (Review of R. Lewontin, It ain’t necessarily so: the dream of the human genome and other illusions.) Times Higher Educational Supplement, 23 February, 24-25, 2001. M. F. Perutz. What if? (Review of J. Lukacs, Five days in London, May 1940.) New York Review of Books, 8 March, 2001. Perutz 11 329. 330. 331. 332. . M. F. Perutz. Growing up among the elements. (Review of O. Sacks, Uncle Tungsten: memories of a chemical boyhood.) New York Review of Books, 1 November, 46-48, 2001. M. F. Perutz, J. T. Finch, J. Berriman & A. Lesk. Amyloid fibres are water-filled nanotubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99, 5591-5595, 2002. M. F. Perutz, B. J. Pope, D. Owen, E. E. Wanker & E. Scherzinger. Aggregation of proteins with expanded glutamine and alanine repeats of the glutamine-rich and asparagine-rich domains of Sup35 and of the amyloid -peptide of amyloid plaques. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99, 5596-5600, 2002. M. F. Perutz. I wish I’d made you angry earlier. Expanded edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, 2003. Perutz 12