Agirre E, Martinez D. Exploring automatic word sense disambiguation with decision lists and the
Web. Proceedings of the Semantic Annotation and Intelligent Annotation Workshop organized
by COLING, Luxembourg, 2000.
Al-Halimi R, Kazman R. Temporal indexing through lexical chaining. Fellbaum C. (ed.),
WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge, Maryland, May 1998.
Artale A, Magnini B, Strapparava C. WordNet for Italian and its use for lexical discrimination.
Proceedings of the 5th Congresso dell’Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale, Rome,
September 1997; 16-19.
Baker CF, Fillmore CJ, Cronin B. The structure of the framenet database. International Journal
of Lexicography, 2003; 16.3: 281-296.
Baker CF, Fillmore CJ, Lowe JB. The Berkeley FrameNet project. Proceedings of the COLINGACL, Montreal, Canada, 1998.
Basili R, DellaRocca M, Pazienza MT. Contextual word sense tuning and disambiguation.
Applied Artificial Intelligence 1997; 11 (3): 235-262.
Berwick R, Fellbaum C, Gross D, Miller G. WordNet: A lexical database organized on
psycholinguistic principles. In Zernik U (ed.), Using On-line Resources to Build a Lexicon.
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, 1990; Chapter 9: 211-231.
Berlin B, Kay P. Basic color terms. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.
Bodenreider O, Burgun A. Characterizing the definitions of anatomical concepts in WordNet and
specialized sources. Proceedings of the First Global WordNet Conference, January 2002; 223230.
Bodenreider O, Burgun A. Ontologies in the biomedical domain. Part II: examples. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association (in press).
Bodenreider O, Burgun A, Mitchell JA. Evaluation of WordNet as a source of lay knowledge for
molecular biology and genetic diseases: a feasibility study. Studies in Health Technology and
Informatics 2003; 95: 379-384.
Buitelaar P, Sacaleanu B. Extending synsets with medical terms: ranking and selecting synsets
by domain relevance. Proceedings of the First Global WordNet Conference, Mysore, India,
January 2002.
Burg JFM, van de Riet RP. COLOR-X: using knowledge from WordNet for conceptual modeling.
Fellbaum C (ed.), WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge, Maryland,
May 1998.
Burgun A, Bodenreider O. Comparing terms, concepts and semantic classes in WordNet and the
Unified Medical Language System. Proceedings of the NAACL Workshop on WordNet and
Other Lexical Resources, Pittsburg, 2001; 77-82.
Burgun A, Bodenreider O, Le Duff F, Moussouni F, Loréal O. Representation of roles in
biomedical ontologies: a case study in functional genomics, Proc AMIA Symp 2002; 86-91.
Burkhardt H, Smith B. (eds.),
Munich/Philadelphia/Vienna, 1991.
Handbook
of
Metaphysics
and
Ontology,
2
vols.,
Ceusters W, Desimpel I, Smith B, Schulz S. Using Cross-Lingual Information to Cope with
Underspecification in Formal Ontologies, Proc Medical Informatics Europe 2003, Amsterdam:
IOS Press, 2003; 391–396.
Ceusters W, Smith B, Kumar A, Dhaen C. Ontology-based error detection in SNOMED-CT®”, in
Proc Medinfo, San Francisco, September 7–11, 2004.
Ceusters W, Smith B, Fielding JM. LinkSuite: Formally robust software tools for ontology-based
data and information integration. Proceedings of DILS 2004 (Data Integration in the Life
Sciences), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer, Berlin, 2004, in press.
Clark P, Porter B. Building domain representations from components, Technical Report AI96241, Department of computer science, University of Texas at Austin, 1996.
Collins AM, Quillian MR. Retrieval time from semantic memory, Journal of Verbal Learning and
Verbal Behavior 1969; 8: 240-248.
Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J. An introduction to support vector machines (and other kernelbased learning methods), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
Cruse DA. Lexical semantics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1986.
Cucchiarelli A, Velardi P. Automatic selection of class labels from a thesaurus for an effective
semantic tagging of corpora. Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language
Processing, Washington, 1997; 380-387.
Ely JW, Osheroff JA, Gorman PN, Ebell MHl, Chambliss ML, Pifer EA, Stavri PZ. A taxonomy of
generic clinical questions: classification study. British Medical Journal, 2000; 321: 429-432.
Fellbaum C. Co-occurrence and antonymy. International Journal of Lexicography 1995; 8 (4):
281-303.
Fellbaum C. Distinguishing verb types in a lexical ontology. Proceedings of the Second
International Workshop on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon. ISSCO, Geneva, 2003.
Fellbaum C. English verbs as a semantic net. International Journal of Lexicography 1990; 3 (4):
278-301.
Fellbaum C. On the semantics of troponymy. The Semantics of Relationships: an
Interdisciplinary Perspective. Green R, Bean CA, Myaeng SH (eds.), Dordrecht, Kluwer, 2002;
23-34.
Fellbaum C (ed.). WordNet: an electronic lexical database. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.
Fellbaum C, Chaffin R. Some Principles of the Organization of the Verb Lexicon. Proc 12th
Annual Conf Cognitive Science Society, 1990; 420-428.
Fielding JM, Simon J, Ceusters W, Smith B. Ontological Theory for Ontology Engineering, in KR
2004. Proc Ninth Internat Conf Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, in press.
Fillmore CJ. Frame semantics. In: Linguistics in the morning calm, Hanshin Publishing Co,
Seoul, 1982; 111-137.
Fogg BJ, Soohoo C, Danielson D, Marable L, Stanford J, Tauber ER. How do people evaluate a
Web site's credibility? Results from a large study. A Consumer WebWatch research report,
prepared by Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, Connecticut,
2002.
Foltz PW, Kintsch W, Landauer TK. The measurement of textual coherence with latent semantic
analysis. Discourse Processes, 1998; 25: 285-307.
Gonzalo J, Verdejo F, Chugur I, Cigarran J. Indexing with WordNet synsets can improve text
retrieval. Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language
Processing Systems, Montreal, 1998.
Good BJ. Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1984.
Good BJ, DelVecchio, Good MJ. "Fiction" and "historicity" in doctor's stories: social and narrative
dimensions of learning medicine. Mattingly, Garro (eds.), 2000; 50-69.
Grenon P, Smith B, Goldberg L. Towards a dynamic biomedical ontology. Pisanelli D (ed.),
Ontologies in Medicine: Proceedings of the Workshop on Medical Ontologies, Rome, October
2003, IOS Press, Amsterdam, forthcoming.
Guha R, Lenat D, Pittman K, Pratt D, Shepherd M. Cyc: A midterm report. Communications of
the ACP 1990; 33 (8).
Harabagiu SM, Moldovan DI. A marker propagation text understanding and inference system.
Stewman JH (ed.), Proceedings of the 9th Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium,
Key West, 1996; 55-59.
Hayes PJ. The second naive physics manifesto. Hobbs JR, Moore RC (eds.), Formal Theories
of the Common-sense World, Ablex, Norwood, 1985; 1-36.
Hersh W, Buckley C, Leone T, Hickam D. OHSUMED: An interactive retrieval evaluation and
new large test collection for research. SIGIR '94, Proceedings of the 17th Annual International
ACM IST Project 2001-33052 WonderWeb, 1994.
Horton, R. Tradition and modernity revisited. Hollis M, Lukes S (eds.), Rationality and
Relativism, Blackwell, Oxford, 1982; 201-260.
Jackson B, Ceusters W. A novel approach to semantic indexing combining ontology-based
semantic weights and in-document concept co-occurrences. Baud R, Ruch P (eds), EFMI
Workshop on Natural Language Processing in Biomedical Applications, Cyprus, March 2002;
75-80.
Jacquemart P, Zweigenbaum P. Towards a medical question-answering system: a feasibility
study. Le Beux P, Baud R (eds.), Proceedings of Medical Informatics Europe, IOS Press,
Amsterdam, 2003; 463-468.
Keil FC, Levin DT, Richman BA, Gutheil G. Mechanism and explanation in the development of
biological thought: the case of disease. Atran S (ed.), Folkbiology, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1999;
285-343.
Kingsbury P, Palmer M. From TreeBank to PropBank. Proceedings 3rd Int Conf Language
Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2002), Las Palmas, Spain, 2002.
Kirmayer LJ. Broken narratives: clinical encounters and the poetics of illness experience.
Mattingly, Garro (eds.), 2000; 153-180.
Kleinman A. The illness narratives. Basic Books, New York, 1988.
Kumar A, Smith B. The Unified Medical Language System and the Gene Ontology, KI 2003:
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2821), 2003; 135–148.
Lenat D. Cyc: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure. Communications of the ACM
1995; 38 (11).
Lewalle P. Terminology: harmonizing health-related terminology – a task of many methods. ISO
(International Organization for Standardization) Bulletin, October 2000; 14-16.
Lowe JB, Baker CF, Fillmore CJ. A frame-semantic approach to semantic annotation. In Proc
SIGLEX Workshop: Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics, Washington DC, 1997.
Magnini B, Strapparava C. Using WordNet to improve user modelling in a web document
recommender system. Proceedings of the NAACL 2001 Workshop on WordNet and Other
Lexical Resources, Pittsburgh, June 2001.
Mark DM, Smith B, Tversky B. Ontology and geographic objects: An empirical study of cognitive
categorization, Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations (Lecture
Notes in Computer Science 1661), 1999, 283–298.
Masolo C, Borgo S, Gangemi A, Guarino N, Oltramari A. Ontology Library, WonderWeb
Deliverable D18 Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web IST Project 2001-33052, 2003.
Mattingly C, Garro LC (eds.) Narrative and the Cultural Construction of Illness and Healing.
University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2000.
McCray AT, Srinivasan S, Browne AC. Lexical Methods for Managing Variation in Biomedical
Terminologies. SCAMC ‘94, 1994; 235-239.
McCray AT, Tse T. Understanding search failures in consumer health information systems. Proc
AMIA Symp 2003: 430-4.
Medin DL, Atran S. (eds.) Folkbiology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
Miller GA. WordNet: a lexical database for English. Comm ACM 38, 11, November 1995; 39-41.
Patel VL, Arocha JF, Kushniruk A. Patients' and physicians' understanding of health and
biomedical concepts: relationship to the design of EMR systems. Journal of Biomedical
Informatics, 2002; 35(1): 8-16.
Pustejovsky J. The generative lexicon. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995.
Rehder B, Schreiner ME, Wolfe MB, Laham D, Landauer TK, Kintsch W. Using latent semantic
analysis to assess knowledge: some technical considerations. Discourse Processes 1998; 25:
337-354.
Rosch E. Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology,
General 1975; 104: 192-253.
Rosch E. On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. Cognitive
Development and the Acquisition of Language, Moore TE (ed.), Academic Press, New York,
1973.
Rosch E. Principles of categorization. Cognition and Categorization. Rosch E, Lloyd BB (eds.),
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1978.
Saracevic T, Kantor P. A study of information seeking and retrieving. II. Users, questions and
effectiveness. J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1988; 39(3): 177-196.
Schulze-Kremer S, Smith B, Kumar A. Revising the UMLS Semantic Network (manuscript) (See
Appendix A3).
Slaughter L. Semantic relationships in health consumer questions and physicians’ answers: a
basis for representing medical knowledge and for concept exploration interfaces. Doctoral
dissertation, University of Maryland at College Park, 2002.
Smith B, Köhler J, Kumar A. On the application of formal principles to life science data: a case
study in the Gene Ontology. Proceedings of DILS 2004 (Data Integration in the Life Sciences),
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Berlin, Springer, 2004, in press.
Smith B, Mark DM. Ontology and geographic kinds, Proc 8th Int Symp Spatial Data Handling
(SDH ’98), Vancouver, 1998; 308–320.
Smith B, Mark DM. Geographical Categories: An Ontological Investigation, Int J Geographical
Information Science, 2001; 15(7): 591–612.
Smith B, Papakin I, Munn K. Bodily systems and the modular structure of the human body.
Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Lecture Notes on
Artificial Intelligence 2780), Springer, Berlin, 2003; 86–90.
Smith B, Rosse C. The role of foundational relations in the alignment of biomedical ontologies.
Proc Medinfo, San Francisco, 7-11 September, 2004.
Smith B, Williams J, Schulze-Kremer S. The Ontology of the Gene Ontology, in Biomedical and
Health Informatics: From Foundations to Applications, Proc AMIA Symp, Washington DC, Nov.
2003; 609–613.
Smith CA, Stavri PZ, Chapman WW. In their own words? A terminological analysis of e-mail to a
cancer information service. Proc AMIA Symp. 2002; : 697-701.
Stanford J, Tauber ER, Fogg BJ, Marable L. Experts vs. online consumers: a comparative
credibility study of health and finance Web sites. Consumer WebWatch Research Report, Sliced
Bread Design, Stanford, 2002.
Streiter O. Corpus-based parsing and treebank development, ICCPOL, 19th International
Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, 2001.
Tse AY. Identifying and characterizing a "consumer medical vocabulary." Doctoral dissertation,
College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, March 2003.
Tse A, Soergel D. Procedures for mapping vocabularies from non-professional discourse: a case
study: "consumer medical vocabulary". Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Information, 2003.
Turcato D, Fass D, Tisher G, Popowich F. Fully automatic bilingual lexical acquisition from
EuroWordNet. Proceedings of NAACL 2001 Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical
Resources, Pittsburgh, June 2001.
Vasconcelos N, Lippman A. A bayesian framework for semantic content characterization.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1998; 566-571.
Vintar S, Buitelaar P, Volk M. Semantic relations in concept-based cross-language medical
information retrieval. Proceedings of the ECML/PKDD Workshop on Adaptive Text Extraction
and Mining (ATEM), Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 22, 2003.
Voorhees EM, Buckland LP (eds.) NIST Special Publication 500-251: The Eleventh Text
REtrieval Conference (TREC 2002), Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards
and Technology, 2002.
Zeng Q, Kogan S, Ash N, Greenes RA, Boxwala AA. Characteristics of consumer terminology
for health information retrieval: A formal study of use of a health information service. Methods of
Information in Medicine, in press.
Zhang J. Representations of health concepts: a cognitive perspective. Journal of Biomedical
Informatics 2002; 35 (1): 17- 24.
Literature
Agirre E, Martinez D. Exploring automatic word sense disambiguation with decision lists and the
Web. Proceedings of the Semantic Annotation and Intelligent Annotation Workshop organized
by COLING, Luxembourg, 2000.
Al-Halimi R, Kazman R. Temporal indexing through lexical chaining. Fellbaum C. (ed.),
WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge, Maryland, May 1998.
Artale A, Magnini B, Strapparava C. WordNet for Italian and its use for lexical discrimination.
Proceedings of the 5th Congresso dell’Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza Artificiale, Rome,
September 1997; 16-19.
Baker CF, Fillmore CJ, Cronin B. The structure of the framenet database. International Journal
of Lexicography, 2003; 16.3: 281-296.
Baker CF, Fillmore CJ, Lowe JB. The Berkeley FrameNet project. Proceedings of the COLINGACL, Montreal, Canada, 1998.
Basili R, DellaRocca M, Pazienza MT. Contextual word sense tuning and disambiguation.
Applied Artificial Intelligence 1997; 11 (3): 235-262.
Beckwith R, Fellbaum C, Gross D, Miller G. WordNet: A lexical database organized on
psycholinguistic principles. In Zernik U (ed.), Using On-line Resources to Build a Lexicon.
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum, 1990; Chapter 9: 211-231.
Berlin B, Kay P. Basic color terms. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.
Bodenreider O, Burgun A. Characterizing the definitions of anatomical concepts in WordNet and
specialized sources. Proceedings of the First Global WordNet Conference, January 2002; 223230.
Bodenreider O, Burgun A. Ontologies in the biomedical domain. Part II: examples. Journal of the
American Medical Informatics Association (in press).
Bodenreider O, Burgun A, Mitchell JA. Evaluation of WordNet as a source of lay knowledge for
molecular biology and genetic diseases: a feasibility study. Studies in Health Technology and
Informatics 2003; 95: 379-384.
Buitelaar P, Sacaleanu B. Extending synsets with medical terms: ranking and selecting synsets
by domain relevance. Proceedings of the First Global WordNet Conference, Mysore, India,
January 2002.
Burg JFM, van de Riet RP. COLOR-X: using knowledge from WordNet for conceptual modeling.
Fellbaum C (ed.), WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, MIT Press, Cambridge, Maryland,
May 1998.
Burgun A, Bodenreider O. Comparing terms, concepts and semantic classes in WordNet and the
Unified Medical Language System. Proceedings of the NAACL Workshop on WordNet and
Other Lexical Resources, Pittsburg, 2001; 77-82.
Burgun A, Bodenreider O, Le Duff F, Moussouni F, Loréal O. Representation of roles in
biomedical ontologies: a case study in functional genomics, Proc AMIA Symp 2002; 86-91.
Burkhardt H, Smith B. (eds.),
Munich/Philadelphia/Vienna, 1991.
Handbook
of
Metaphysics
and
Ontology,
2
vols.,
Ceusters W, Desimpel I, Smith B, Schulz S. Using Cross-Lingual Information to Cope with
Underspecification in Formal Ontologies, Proc Medical Informatics Europe 2003, Amsterdam:
IOS Press, 2003; 391–396.
Ceusters W, Smith B, Kumar A, Dhaen C. Ontology-based error detection in SNOMED-CT®”, in
Proc Medinfo, San Francisco, September 7–11, 2004.
Ceusters W, Smith B, Fielding JM. LinkSuite: Formally robust software tools for ontology-based
data and information integration. Proceedings of DILS 2004 (Data Integration in the Life
Sciences), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer, Berlin, 2004, in press.
Clark P, Porter B. Building domain representations from components, Technical Report AI96241, Department of computer science, University of Texas at Austin, 1996.
Collins AM, Quillian MR. Retrieval time from semantic memory, Journal of Verbal Learning and
Verbal Behavior 1969; 8: 240-248.
Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J. An introduction to support vector machines (and other kernelbased learning methods), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
Cruse DA. Lexical semantics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1986.
Cucchiarelli A, Velardi P. Automatic selection of class labels from a thesaurus for an effective
semantic tagging of corpora. Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Applied Natural Language
Processing, Washington, 1997; 380-387.
Ely JW, Osheroff JA, Gorman PN, Ebell MHl, Chambliss ML, Pifer EA, Stavri PZ. A taxonomy of
generic clinical questions: classification study. British Medical Journal, 2000; 321: 429-432.
Fellbaum C. Co-occurrence and antonymy. International Journal of Lexicography 1995; 8 (4):
281-303.
Fellbaum C. Distinguishing verb types in a lexical ontology. Proceedings of the Second
International Workshop on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon. ISSCO, Geneva, 2003.
Fellbaum C. English verbs as a semantic net. International Journal of Lexicography 1990; 3 (4):
278-301.
Fellbaum C. On the semantics of troponymy. The Semantics of Relationships: an
Interdisciplinary Perspective. Green R, Bean CA, Myaeng SH (eds.), Dordrecht, Kluwer, 2002;
23-34.
Fellbaum C (ed.). WordNet: an electronic lexical database. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.
Fellbaum C, Chaffin R. Some Principles of the Organization of the Verb Lexicon. Proc 12th
Annual Conf Cognitive Science Society, 1990; 420-428.
Fielding JM, Simon J, Ceusters W, Smith B. Ontological Theory for Ontology Engineering, in KR
2004. Proc Ninth Internat Conf Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.
Fillmore CJ. Frame semantics. In: Linguistics in the morning calm, Hanshin Publishing Co,
Seoul, 1982; 111-137.
Fogg BJ, Soohoo C, Danielson D, Marable L, Stanford J, Tauber ER. How do people evaluate a
Web site's credibility? Results from a large study. A Consumer WebWatch research report,
prepared by Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, Connecticut,
2002.
Foltz PW, Kintsch W, Landauer TK. The measurement of textual coherence with latent semantic
analysis. Discourse Processes, 1998; 25: 285-307.
Gonzalo J, Verdejo F, Chugur I, Cigarran J. Indexing with WordNet synsets can improve text
retrieval. Proceedings of the COLING/ACL Workshop on Usage of WordNet in Natural Language
Processing Systems, Montreal, 1998.
Good BJ. Medicine, Rationality, and Experience: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1984.
Good BJ, DelVecchio, Good MJ. "Fiction" and "historicity" in doctor's stories: social and narrative
dimensions of learning medicine. Mattingly, Garro (eds.), 2000; 50-69.
Grenon P, Smith B, Goldberg L. Towards a dynamic biomedical ontology. Pisanelli D (ed.),
Ontologies in Medicine: Proceedings of the Workshop on Medical Ontologies, Rome, October
2003, IOS Press, Amsterdam, forthcoming.
Guha R, Lenat D, Pittman K, Pratt D, Shepherd M. Cyc: A midterm report. Communications of
the ACP 1990; 33 (8).
Harabagiu SM, Moldovan DI. A marker propagation text understanding and inference system.
Stewman JH (ed.), Proceedings of the 9th Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium,
Key West, 1996; 55-59.
Hayes PJ. The second naive physics manifesto. Hobbs JR, Moore RC (eds.), Formal Theories
of the Common-sense World, Ablex, Norwood, 1985; 1-36.
Hersh W, Buckley C, Leone T, Hickam D. OHSUMED: An interactive retrieval evaluation and
new large test collection for research. SIGIR '94, Proceedings of the 17th Annual International
ACM IST Project 2001-33052 WonderWeb, 1994.
Horton, R. Tradition and modernity revisited. Hollis M, Lukes S (eds.), Rationality and
Relativism, Blackwell, Oxford, 1982; 201-260.
Jackson B, Ceusters W. A novel approach to semantic indexing combining ontology-based
semantic weights and in-document concept co-occurrences. Baud R, Ruch P (eds), EFMI
Workshop on Natural Language Processing in Biomedical Applications, Cyprus, March 2002;
75-80.
Jacquemart P, Zweigenbaum P. Towards a medical question-answering system: a feasibility
study. Le Beux P, Baud R (eds.), Proceedings of Medical Informatics Europe, IOS Press,
Amsterdam, 2003; 463-468.
Keil FC, Levin DT, Richman BA, Gutheil G. Mechanism and explanation in the development of
biological thought: the case of disease. Atran S (ed.), Folkbiology, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1999;
285-343.
Kingsbury P, Palmer M. From TreeBank to PropBank. Proceedings 3rd Int Conf Language
Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2002), Las Palmas, Spain, 2002.
Kirmayer LJ. Broken narratives: clinical encounters and the poetics of illness experience.
Mattingly, Garro (eds.), 2000; 153-180.
Kleinman A. The illness narratives. Basic Books, New York, 1988.
Kumar A, Smith B. The Unified Medical Language System and the Gene Ontology, KI 2003:
Advances in Artificial Intelligence (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2821), 2003; 135–148.
Lenat D. Cyc: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure. Communications of the ACM
1995; 38 (11).
Lewalle P. Terminology: harmonizing health-related terminology – a task of many methods. ISO
(International Organization for Standardization) Bulletin, October 2000; 14-16.
Lowe JB, Baker CF, Fillmore CJ. A frame-semantic approach to semantic annotation. In Proc
SIGLEX Workshop: Tagging Text with Lexical Semantics, Washington DC, 1997.
Magnini B, Strapparava C. Using WordNet to improve user modelling in a web document
recommender system. Proceedings of the NAACL 2001 Workshop on WordNet and Other
Lexical Resources, Pittsburgh, June 2001.
Mark DM, Smith B, Tversky B. Ontology and geographic objects: An empirical study of cognitive
categorization, Spatial Information Theory. Cognitive and Computational Foundations (Lecture
Notes in Computer Science 1661), 1999, 283–298.
Masolo C, Borgo S, Gangemi A, Guarino N, Oltramari A. Ontology Library, WonderWeb
Deliverable D18 Ontology Infrastructure for the Semantic Web IST Project 2001-33052, 2003.
Mattingly C, Garro LC (eds.) Narrative and the Cultural Construction of Illness and Healing.
University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2000.
McCray AT, Srinivasan S, Browne AC. Lexical Methods for Managing Variation in Biomedical
Terminologies. SCAMC ‘94, 1994; 235-239.
Medin DL, Atran S. (eds.) Folkbiology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
Miller GA. WordNet: a lexical database for English. Comm ACM 38, 11, November 1995; 39-41.
Patel VL, Arocha JF, Kushniruk A. Patients' and physicians' understanding of health and
biomedical concepts: relationship to the design of EMR systems. Journal of Biomedical
Informatics, 2002; 35(1): 8-16.
Pustejovsky J. The generative lexicon. MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995.
Rehder B, Schreiner ME, Wolfe MB, Laham D, Landauer TK, Kintsch W. Using latent semantic
analysis to assess knowledge: some technical considerations. Discourse Processes 1998; 25:
337-354.
Rosch E. Cognitive representations of semantic categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology,
General 1975; 104: 192-253.
Rosch E. On the internal structure of perceptual and semantic categories. Cognitive
Development and the Acquisition of Language, Moore TE (ed.), Academic Press, New York,
1973.
Rosch E. Principles of categorization. Cognition and Categorization. Rosch E, Lloyd BB (eds.),
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1978.
Saracevic T, Kantor P. A study of information seeking and retrieving. II. Users, questions and
effectiveness. J Am Soc Inf Sci, 1988; 39(3): 177-196.
Schulze-Kremer S, Smith B, Kumar A. Revising the UMLS Semantic Network (manuscript) (See
Appendix A3).
Slaughter L. Semantic relationships in health consumer questions and physicians’ answers: a
basis for representing medical knowledge and for concept exploration interfaces. Doctoral
dissertation, University of Maryland at College Park, 2002.
Smith B, Köhler J, Kumar A. On the application of formal principles to life science data: a case
study in the Gene Ontology. Proceedings of DILS 2004 (Data Integration in the Life Sciences),
(Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Berlin, Springer, 2004, in press.
Smith B, Mark DM. Ontology and geographic kinds, Proc 8th Int Symp Spatial Data Handling
(SDH ’98), Vancouver, 1998; 308–320.
Smith B, Mark DM. Geographical Categories: An Ontological Investigation, Int J Geographical
Information Science, 2001; 15(7): 591–612.
Smith B, Papakin I, Munn K. Bodily systems and the modular structure of the human body.
Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Lecture Notes on
Artificial Intelligence 2780), Springer, Berlin, 2003; 86–90.
Smith B, Rosse C. The role of foundational relations in the alignment of biomedical ontologies.
Proc Medinfo, San Francisco, 7-11 September, 2004.
Smith B, Williams J, Schulze-Kremer S. The Ontology of the Gene Ontology, in Biomedical and
Health Informatics: From Foundations to Applications, Proc AMIA Symp, Washington DC, Nov.
2003; 609–613.
Smith CA, Stavri PZ, Chapman WW. In their own words? A terminological analysis of e-mail to a
cancer information service. Proc AMIA Symp. 2002; : 697-701.
Stanford J, Tauber ER, Fogg BJ, Marable L. Experts vs. online consumers: a comparative
credibility study of health and finance Web sites. Consumer WebWatch Research Report, Sliced
Bread Design, Stanford, 2002.
Streiter O. Corpus-based parsing and treebank development, ICCPOL, 19th International
Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, 2001.
Tse AY. Identifying and characterizing a "consumer medical vocabulary." Doctoral dissertation,
College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, March 2003.
Tse T, Soergel D. Procedures for mapping vocabularies from non-professional discourse: a case
study: "consumer medical vocabulary". Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Information, 2003.
Turcato D, Fass D, Tisher G, Popowich F. Fully automatic bilingual lexical acquisition from
EuroWordNet. Proceedings of NAACL 2001 Workshop on WordNet and Other Lexical
Resources, Pittsburgh, June 2001.
Vasconcelos N, Lippman A. A bayesian framework for semantic content characterization.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1998; 566-571.
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