SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL 1. Subgroup Analysis of Overall Survival A stratified analysis was performed of variables identified by the Multivariate Cox regression analysis as independent predictors of overall survival. Patients with TNM stage I were evaluated. Patients in the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=41) had a median survival of 189.6 weeks (95% CI: 162.7 to 216.5 weeks) while patients in the RFA group (n=42) had a median survival of 133.7 weeks (95% CI: 107.7 to 159.7 weeks, Fig 1B). Patients with TNM stage Ⅱ or Ⅲa were evaluated. Patients in the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=23) had a median survival of 97.9 weeks (95% CI: 60.8 to 135.0 weeks) while patients in the RFA group (n=22) had a median survival of 70.7 weeks (95% CI: 39.2 to 102.2 weeks, Fig 1C). Patients with solitary hepatic tumors were evaluated. The median survival of the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=38) was 187.1 weeks (95% CI: 162.4 to 211.9 weeks). The median survival of the RFA group (n=47) was 144.0 weeks (95% CI: 117.2 to 170.7 weeks, Fig 1 D). Patients with multiple hepatic tumors were evaluated. The median survival of the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=26) was 57.1 weeks (95% CI: 2.50 to 111.7 weeks). The median survival of the RFA group (n=17) was 92.3 weeks (95% CI: 83.3 to 101.3 weeks, Fig 2 A). A preliminary analysis indicated an optimal cut-off value for tumor diameter was 3.65 cm. Patients with tumor size less than 3.65 cm were evaluated. The median survival of the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=47) was 189.9 weeks (95% CI: 161.0 to 218.9 weeks). The median survival of the RFA group (n=50) was 134.3 weeks (95% CI: 107.0 to 1 161.7 weeks, Fig 2 B). Tumors equal to or larger than 3.65cm were evaluated. The median survival of the Sorafenib-RFA group (n=17) was 135.0 weeks (95% CI: 78.0 to 191.9 weeks). The median survival of the RFA group (n=14) was 93.1 weeks (95% CI: 83.7 to 102.5 weeks, Fig 2 C). 2 SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL 2. Supplement TABLE 1. RFA equipment list. Serial system 1 RITA 1500/1500 X Country U.S.A 2 U.S.A 3 4 5 Manufacturer RITA Medical Systems, Inc. RF-2000 Radiotherapeuti c.inc RFA-1315 Multi pole RF ablation Beijing bright instrument Optoelectronic Technology Development Co., Ltd. LDRF—120S Multi pole RF ablation Mianyang Lead instrument Technology company HGCF-3000 cold pole RF ablation Zhuhai Hokai instrument Medical Instruments Co., Ltd 3 China China China Supplement TABLE 2. Univariate COX regression analysis of overall survival. B SE χ2 P HR 95% CI for HR -0.704 0.347 4.106 0.043* 0.495 0.250~0.977 0.001 0.313 0.859 -0.695 0.727 0.017 0.603 0.361 0.393 0.369 0.003 0.270 5.659 3.126 3.884 0.959 0.604 0.017* 0.077 0.049* 1.001 1.368 2.361 0.499 2.068 0.969~1.034 0.419~4.463 1.163~4.792 0.231~1.078 1.004~4.262 Tumor size 0.171 0.053 10.513 1.187 1.070~1.317 HBV Antivirus therapy liver cirrhosis Previous resection Previous RFA Previous TACE -0.671 0.847 0.629 0.001** 0.428 0.511 0.097~2.686 -0.250 0.391 0.410 0.522 0.779 0.362~1.675 0.118 0.191 0.380 0.538 1.125 0.774~1.636 -0.058 0.360 0.026 0.873 0.944 0.466~1.913 -0.273 -0.046 0.415 0.363 0.430 0.016 0.512 0.899 0.761 0.955 0.337~1.719 0.469~1.945 Variables Sorafenib administration Age Gender TNM stage BCLC stage Tumor number *P<0.05;**P<0.01. 4 Supplement TABLE 3. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of tumor recurrence. Variables Sorafenib administration TNM stage Tumor number Antivirus therapy Previous TACE B SE χ2 1.009 0.339 8.866 -0.876 0.884 0.540 0.406 0.406 0.272 -0.782 0.395 HR 95% CI for HR 0.003** 2.744 1.412~5.332 4.659 4.738 3.937 0.031* 0.029* 0.047* 0.416 2.420 1.715 0.188~0.923 1.092~5.363 1.007~2.923 3.926 0.048* 0.458 0.211~0.992 *P<0.05;**P<0.01. 5 P