Linn Liu D10 (Doctoral Candidate in Energy Systems, Building Consortium, Linköping University)
Tel: (46) 013281179
E-mail: linn.liu@liu.se
Project: Sustainable renovation strategy in the Million Programme with multiple objective
functions
Background
A satisfactory renovation strategy requires that we know about future rather than historical climate
changes. It has been predicted that the outdoor temperature will increase independent of climate
changes, which will change the requirements for achieving comfort in the Million Programme1
buildings, in other words a greater need for cooling and a lower need for heating. An increase in the
demand for buildings that require more cooling to improve their comfort level could increase demand
for electricity and, as a result, increase carbon emissions. The current basis for calculating outdoor
temperature is based on the historical climate, which has normally exhibited limited variation over
time. Depending on climate changes, these buildings will be exposed to different weather conditions,
which must be included in the calculations used in planning and renovating the buildings, and in
designing their HVAC systems. The effects of different types of climate change—excessively low,
average and high emissions of greenhouse gases—will be taken into account in the planning of
renovations in order to ensure future sustainable growth.
Scope
To arrive at a quantitative assessment of various measures, it is necessary to define indices for
primary energy use, carbon emissions, the indoor environment, and heat stress. The amount of
energy that a building requires can be reduced by adding more insulation, making the building shell
air-tight, improved glazing, increased thermal mass, or through mechanical ventilation involving heatrecovery systems and passive cooling. Particular attention should be paid to systems for lowtemperature heating that use district heating systems, thus offering new opportunities for using
heat/electricity cogeneration plants more efficiently.
Purpose
Based on a systems perspective, my purpose is to analyse the interaction between energy supply
systems and measures to make the Million Programme buildings more energy-efficient, with a view to
(reducing) carbon emissions and (increasing) the service life of the facilities. The dynamic behaviour
of the integrated system, the advantages associated with various supply systems, and the system
limitations that are relevant to the results will be elucidated.
1
A Swedish government housing programme that ran from 1965 to 1974.