Acknowledgements
1. Commemorative plaque organized by Betty Amber, descendant of Susannah Gangell (Murphy).
2. Provision of rock, attachment of plaque and its transportation and installation at Johnburgh courtesy
Devon Amber.
3. Article researched and developed by Susan Pender, descendant of Mary Ann Gangell (Warner), with
assistance from Francis Pender.
4. Sincere thanks must go to friends and descendants of Wilhelmine who have contributed financially to
the provision of this plaque and also to those family historians and other researchers who have given
this project their enthusiastic support and shared their information.
Feedback welcome
Any relatives or friends who read this document and wish to provide feedback or offer additional
information for possible inclusion in a revised version are asked to contact:
Either
Susan Pender, PO Box 1648 Victor Harbor 5211
email: smcook_oz@yahoo.com.au
Or
Betty Amber, PO Box 12 Gumeracha 5233
email: amber@activ8.net.au
-1-
To honour an early colonist
WILHELMINE (Mena) GANGELL
(née Kannenberg)
Her grave has been unmarked by bronze or marble, identified only by reference to a
cemetery plan held by local council.1 Even the cemetery in which she was buried is
reached only after a lengthy drive following the sign at the edge of an almost abandoned
township along a dirt track through red dust and sparse vegetation into the hazy distance.
Located some forty kilometres north of Goyder’s Line,2 Johnburgh was surveyed and
proclaimed in 1879,3 but then struggled for survival through the hard times and dry years
of subsequent decades. Nature had challenged the pioneers in this area and they are to
be honoured for the hard lives and hard work they endured to create a future for their
families.4
Grave of Mena Gangell, Johnburgh Cemetery
Wilhelmine Kannenberg was born in Königsmühl, Prussia, around 1828,5 to parents
Ferdinand Kannenberg and Mary Ferman.6 Two younger siblings – Johanna Louise
Friederike and Carl – were also born into that family in Königsmühl, around 18317 and
18338 respectively. Life in Prussia at that time was difficult for many, with the feudal
nature of land ownership and social structure, economic conditions and, for a small
percentage, religious differences contributing to widespread unrest - even to a desire to
emigrate.9 Wilhelmine and her family would become one among the thousands of
families to leave Germany to seek a better future.
After the death of Wilhelmine’s father, her mother Mary married10 Christian Friedrich
Wallschlager, a widower from Selnation, Pomerania, believed to have two children Hannah Susannah and Gottlieb11 - from his first marriage. This second marriage took
place in Germany,12 where it would appear that a further child – Manasseh – was born.13
-2-
The Wallschlagers were among those Lutherans identified in contemporary accounts14 as
unhappy with religious dictates of the day and looking to make a new start. Those wishes
coincided with the new colony experiencing a desperate need of hard-working settlers.15
The efforts of George Fife Angas16 and the South Australian Company, of which he was a
founder and key shareholder, led to arrangements for the 337 ton SOLWAY, under the
command of Captain R Pearson,17 to carry what would be the first organized group of
immigrant German workers to arrive in the new colony – which they reached just over a
year ahead of the party led by Pastor August Kavel.18 In addition to its passengers the
SOLWAY carried a cargo which included boilers and equipment for a flour mill, window
glass, spectacles, German glassware, bricks, general provisions – and sheep.19
The new family joined the SOLWAY’s human cargo, leaving Hamburg on 9 June 1837 for
Kangaroo Island, arriving there on 16 October of that year.20 The South Australian
Company’s manifest21 shows Mr C F Wallschlager among those passengers indentured
to the Company, together with his wife, sister Maria Louise Wilhelmine22 and three
children, presumably Hannah, Gottlieb and Manasseh who all bore the Wallschlager
surname. The three children bearing the Kannenberg surname, from Mrs Wallschlager’s
first marriage, are not always included on available lists of SOLWAY passengers, but
documentation exists to support their presence on the voyage.23
Such a journey was difficult at any age, but for nine year old Wilhelmine and her siblings
it must have provided periods of boredom, exciting adventure and outright terror. The
SOLWAY landed her passengers safely on Kangaroo Island and then, after a two-month
period to unload her cargo, sailed to Rosetta Harbour, Encounter Bay, where she broke
her moorings in a storm and was wrecked on 21 December 1837.24 The wreck, which
lies about a kilometre from the home of one of her great-grand-daughters, was clearly
visible under the water until at least the late 1960s. It was sandbagged in 1994 to protect
it as an archaeological site of high significance.25
An unofficial community of sealers and others, many originally from Tasmania, had
existed on Kangaroo Island from soon after the explorations of Flinders and Baudin in
1802.26 They were generally rough men and their appearance and behaviour must have
seemed strange to a young German child. Conjecture was that Kangaroo Island may
have presented the first opportunity for Wilhelmine to meet her future husband, John
Gangell, believed to have been a sealer during his early life. However, it now seems
more likely that John arrived in the colony from Launceston in 184627 aboard the brig
HENRY, on one of its voyages from that port28.
Some of the SOLWAY immigrants continued their voyage from Kangaroo Island to
Holdfast Bay aboard the cutter WILLIAM on 21 October 1837,29 others tried for several
years to establish themselves in and beyond Kingscote. It is not yet clear when
Wilhelmine and her family moved to the mainland, but they had probably crossed to
Encounter Bay, where the SA Company had a large fishing and whaling station and land
suitable for farming was available, before John arrived in the region.
-3-
Further evidence indicates that Mr Wallschlager’s sister Maria took up employment at the
Lutheran mission for aboriginals established in 184030 at Encounter Bay, where she met
her future husband Ernst Wilhelm MacKenzie, to whom she was married on 25 May
1845.31 By 1846 the Mission had insufficient funds to keep Ernst on, so he and Maria
moved to Lobethal32 and then, late in 1847 or early in 1848, to the Lyndoch area,33 which
was to be home to many other family members. 1867 then saw the couple move to Mt
Gambier to farm in the Mt Schank district,34 while 1874 brought a final shift to Kornheim,
near Dimboola in Victoria,35 where Maria died on 7 January 1879.36
John Gangell had been born in Tasmania about 1819,37 step-son to William Gangell, a
sergeant in the Royal Marines who came out from England in 1804 to undertake military
duties in the new colony.38 William had been the first Englishman to marry in Tasmania,39
was married twice,40 and later settled in Richmond.41 John’s mother, a convict Mary
Lee42 (also Leigh or Lea) arrived in Tasmania on the ELIZABETH HENRIETTA in
November 1818,43 and became William’s second wife in January 1819.44
Wilhelmine (known generally as Mena) married John Gangell on 18 April 184845 at the
Tabernacle, Encounter Bay, in a ceremony conducted by the Reverend R W Newland.
The marriage register recorded that neither of them could read nor write, with John
shown as a farmer and Wilhelmine as a servant. Witness to the ceremony was Joshua
Gibson.
Wilhelmine and John Gangell lived in the Encounter Bay area until at least 1869, when
John was imprisoned for a period.46 While living there John was a farmer,47 winning at
least one prize for his ploughing skill.48 It appears that he was also regarded locally as
being less than a model citizen.49 However, most of the couple’s children were born in
the area, with their birth details recorded as follows: Jacob was born in 1849 near Victor
Harbor,50 Mary Ann at Inman Valley in 1852,51 Alice around 1854,52 an un-named
(possibly still-born) son in 1856 at Encounter Bay,53 Louisa in 1857 at Bald Hills,54 Isaac
Harvey in 1859 at Hindmarsh Valley,55 Susannah in 1862 at Hindmarsh Valley,56
Frederick in 1865 at Hindmarsh Valley,57 James in 1867 at Hindmarsh Valley58 and
Benjamin Joseph in 1869 at Hindmarsh Valley.59 On the basis of details relating to a
term in gaol, his marriage and his eventual death, a further son, Charles, was also most
likely born in this area during the period 1847-1850, although no official birth records
have yet been sighted. Their youngest son, Samuel Godlief, was born in 1872 at North
Gumeracha,60 where Wilhelmine and her children had presumably shifted during John’s
incarceration.
It seems likely that most of the family moved to the Barossa area not long after
Wilhelmine’s marriage, leaving her and her husband at Encounter Bay, as register entries
relating to other family members indicate that they were resident in the Barossa Valley.
Wilhelmine’s sister Johanne, for example, married Mr Gottfried Seidel in Lyndoch Valley
in 1852 aged 2161 and later, after Gottfried’s death in April 1862,62 was remarried to Ernst
Friedrich Neumann in Lyndoch in the following October.63 Records also show that when
Wilhelmine’s 23 year old brother Carl married Johanne Juliane Greiser in 1857 it was at
the home of their step-father, Mr C F Wallschlager of Lyndoch.64 Soon after his marriage
Carl moved to Mt Gambier where he became a farmer,65 was naturalized in 186566 and
-4-
died in December 1904 at Square Mile.67. Wilhelmine became even more isolated from
immediate family support and influence when her mother Mary, step-father Christian
Wallschlager, siblings Hannah, Gottlieb, Manasseh and Dinah Elizabeth, born in 1844 in
South Australia,68 left for Stewart Island in New Zealand in 1858.69 Her mother died in
May 1881 at Half Moon Bay on Stewart Island.70 So by 1858, at age 30 and with 6
children under 10 years of age, Wilhelmine had lost ready access to contact from and the
support of her immediate family.
Life must have been very hard, bringing up a young family in the new colony. A
particularly dark time for her must have been when John was found guilty of indecently
assaulting their 15 year old daughter,71 and Charles their son attacked a local girl in a
similar manner.72 Both were sentenced to prison terms.73 At the time she would have
been expecting Benjamin, who was born between the time of the crime and the two men
going to gaol. Wilhelmine may have moved with family members to the Gumeracha area
while the two were imprisoned, enabling her to be closer to the support of other family
members, and perhaps also to leave behind the community in which the offences had
been committed. It is thought that she also left behind her daughter Mary Ann, later
christened at St Jude’s in Port Elliot as an adult.74 John was released from gaol in
January 187175 and another son Samuel was born in Gumeracha in 1872.76 Of ten living
children five were then under the age of 10 years.
It is assumed that Wilhelmine shifted homes after that in order to accompany her
husband, at least for a number of years. He was, for example, a teamster in the Chain of
Ponds area in 187977 and also occupied property in that location.78 He was a farmer at
Eurelia a couple of years later,79 but by 1883 the letters of administration that followed his
death at Cobham Lake in New South Wales after 5 days of dysentery referred to him as a
farmer at Johnburgh,80 although his death certificate showed him operating as a carrier at
the time.81
It is thought that Wilhelmine remained in the mid-north where several of her children were
farming or leasing properties. For example, between 1885 and 1889 Isaac was
associated with property at Johnburgh,82 while between 1891 and 1896 he occupied
property in the Hundred of Oladdie.83 By 1893 Frederick was also leasing land at
Bendleby.84 James was apparently farming at Belton in the years between 1889 and
1894,85 while Charles was known to be farming at Stone Hut at this time.86 Louisa, one of
her two daughters, is also associated with this area, with one her children, George Albert
Lawson, dying at Bendleby in 1886, aged 11 months.87
Wilhelmine died on 15 August 189588 at the age of 69, her usual residence shown as
Oladdie, where she had died. The recorded cause of death was inflammation of the
lungs, with her son James Gangell officially informing authorities of her death. Much of
her life is still unknown and the subject of further research - from her early childhood in
Prussia, to details of leaving Kangaroo Island, first meeting her husband John, her final
years in the mid-north of South Australia, the lives of her children and finally her burial in
the remote Johnburgh cemetery.
-5-
Memorial card from the funeral of Mena Gangell, 1895.
However, her grave, so remote from her native Königsmühl and so long forgotten, is no
longer unmarked. In July 2008 a commemorative plaque was placed to mark the location
and to acknowledge her pioneering determination and the contributions she made to both
her family and her new country. She is now honoured by descendants who are part of
the heritage she left behind and who enjoy an existence so very different from that she
knew and accepted.
Believed to be Wilhelmine Gangell
(Photograph courtesy Alison Lawrence)
-6-
Appendix: The children of Wilhelmine Kannenberg and John Gangell
a) Charles Gangell
It is understood that Charles was born around 185089, presumably in the Victor Harbor
area where his parents were farming.90
Little is then known of him until he was convicted of the indecent assault of a young girl at
Hindmarsh Valley in July 186891 and sentenced to 18 calendar months hard labour.92 At
the time of his imprisonment a detailed physical description in the register of persons
brought to the Adelaide Gaol described Charles as being “16 years old93, 5ft 7ins tall,
weighing 9st 7lbs, of slight build, with a sallow complexion, small face, dark brown hair,
small forehead, blue eyes, good teeth, small chin, a large and pointed nose, no whiskers
and a bad expression”.94
We currently know little of his life following his release from prison in 187095 until his
marriage to the widowed Ellen Butler (née MacMahon) at Cudlee Creek on 27 April
1881.96 We then have only a limited understanding of his hard-working life. Charles was
recorded as being a sawyer at Stone Hut in 188897, as the lessee of land in the same
location from 1889 to 189498 and as a farmer at Wirrabara from 1896 to 1903.99 It is also
known that he share-farmed for a time on Bill Hull’s property at Calca.100
Charles died on 3 September 1912101 at Madama, near Streaky Bay, from suffocation
and with no indication of foul play,102 while he was working on the property of his son-inlaw, Joseph Mayfield.103 His wife Ellen had previously died on 25 October 1900 at Stone
Hut104 and was buried at Laura.105
b) Jacob Gangell
Jacob was born on 29 August 1849106, in the Victor Harbor area107, as was the case with
all but one of his siblings.
At the time of his marriage to Mary Ann Murphy on 14 February 1878 at Millbrook108,
Jacob was living at Chain-of-Ponds and working as a sawyer, while he was recorded as
occupying a small property at Millbrook during the period 1879-1880.109
In 1882 Jacob was witness to the marriage of his sister Susannah110
Jacob’s children111 were born at Millbrook, Gumeracha or Williamstown, suggesting that
the family was resident in that general area. Additionally, he is known to have had
property in the Hundred of Barossa after 1904112.
Jacob died on 6 February 1921113 at Williamstown, aged 71 years and is buried in the
Williamstown cemetery114. His wife, Mary Ann, lived until 12 April 1931.115
c) Mary Ann Gangell
Mary Ann was born at Inman Valley on New Year’s Eve 1852.116
In October 1868, aged only fifteen, she was the victim of a shocking indecent assault by
her father. He was imprisoned for this offence.117
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Mary Ann undertook adult baptism in 1875118 at the age of 22, at St Jude’s Anglican
Church Port Elliot, at which time she was working as a domestic servant. It is possible
that Mary Ann was in the Encounter Bay area on her own at this time, as Wilhelmine had
moved with other family members to the Gumeracha area by 1872.119
She married John Reuben Warner on 18 June 1878 at St George’s Church, Woodforde120
(Magill). John had been born in Buckinghamshire, England around 1856121 and had
emigrated to South Australia with his father James Warner and mother Sarah (née
Roads) on the ship CARNATIC in 1857.122
All the couple’s children were born at Magill123, where the family continued to live.
John died in the family home on 20 October 1926124 with Mary Ann living until age 97,
dying on 19 September 1950125, also at Magill. Both were buried in the Magill
cemetery.126
d) Alice Gangell
Alice was born around 1854127, but died on 25 May 1860 at Hindmarsh Valley, as a result
of diphtheria128. She was buried in the Victor Harbor cemetery, apparently the first to be
buried in that cemetery.129
e) Un-named Gangell (male)
An entry made in the Register on 10 March 1856 recorded the birth on 2 March 1856 at
Encounter Bay of a son who was not named.130 Further information to hand suggests
that the infant died within minutes of his birth and that he had been given the name
Samuel.131
f) Louisa Gangell
Born on 10 June 1857 at Bald Hills,132 her father John witnessing the registration with the
addition of his mark. He was again recorded as being a farmer.
She married James Lacey Lawson on 6 August 1879 at St George Anglican Church
Gawler.133 It was a first marriage for both.134 Most of the couple’s children were born at
Monarto, the Barossa Diggings, or Cockatoo Valley135 with one son, James, born at
Bendleby.136
One child, a son named George Albert, died on 4 January 1886137 aged 11 months and
was buried in the Johnburgh Cemetery138, his grandmother Wilhelmine’s final resting
place.
Louisa died at Royal Park, South Australia, on 31 July 1938139, at the age of 82 years.
g) Isaac Harvey Gangell
Isaac was born on 13 May 1859140 at Hindmarsh Valley.
From 1885 to 1889 his name was associated with property at Johnburgh,141 while from
1892 to 1896 he occupied property in the Hundred of Oladdie142.
-8-
He moved to Western Australia, probably soon after 1900, dying in Perth on 25 May
1952143.
h) Susannah Gangell
Susannah was born at Hindmarsh Valley on 14 November 1862.144
On 12 February 1882, aged only nineteen - younger than any of her siblings145 - she
married Patrick Murphy in St Matthews Catholic Church at Blumberg, four years after his
sister Mary Ann had married Susannah’s brother Jacob.146 When Patrick and Susannah
married he was aged 28 years, living at Millbrook and working as a labourer,147 while
Susannah was undertaking domestic duties.148 Jacob Gangell, Susannah’s brother, a
sawyer, was a witness.149
The couple owned land between Chain of Ponds and Kersbrook,150 built a slab house,
milked cows and dealt in sheep, cattle and horses.151 Their children were all born at
Millbrook or Chain of Ponds.152
In 1910 much of SA was being surveyed and opened up for settlement,153 so Patrick took
up a virgin block 14 miles from Tailem Bend.154 By 1912 Patrick and Susannah were
living in the Tailem Bend area155 where Susannah became the local midwife.156 Patrick
died on 14 January 1943, aged 84, in the Tailem Bend hospital157 and was buried in the
local cemetery.158
After Patrick’s death, Susannah sold her properties at Tailem Bend159 and shifted to
Glenelg North to live with her daughter Ada and son in law George Ainscough.160 She
relocated in 1951 to stay with her daughter Olivia and son in law William Hart at New
Hindmarsh.161
She passed away on 15 August 1952 in her 90th year at the home of Olivia and William162
and was buried in the Catholic section of the Cheltenham Cemetery.163
i) Frederick Gangell
Frederick was born 7 March 1865 at Hindmarsh Valley,164 at a time his father John was
still farming in this area.
He married Edith Ellen Solly on 23 January 1902165 at the North Unley residence of Mr
Ferguson. Frederick was 36 years of age while Ellen was 29. Ellen had had a son,
Alexander Henry,166 prior to the time of her marriage to Frederick, with whom she had
children at Orroroo and also at Rose Park.167
Official records link him with the lease of land at Bendleby in March 1893,168 with
directory listings also showing him as a farmer at Bendleby from 1897 until 1905.169
Further records link him with land at Orroroo and Leasingham, as well as the Hundred of
Bendleby during the period 1900 to 1903,170 with further leases at Bendleby in/after
1904.171
Frederick died on 1 November 1936 at the age of 71 years,172 from a bullet wound that
was judged to be self-administered.173 Following this incident he was buried in the
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Orroroo cemetery.174 Edith died several years later and was interred in the cemetery at
Orroroo on 11 February 1941175
j) James Gangell
James was born on 5 March 1867 at Hindmarsh Valley.176
Land records indicate that James was farming at Belton in the years between 1889 and
1894.177 He was named as official informant on the occasion of Wilhelmine’s death in
1895.178
Having moved to Western Australia, he married Eileen Huysmans, a widow, in 1918,179 at
the age of 51 – the oldest of any of the siblings at the time they were married. She was
to die in 1925,180 while James lived until 1 February 1939,181 dying in his adopted state.
k) Benjamin Joseph Gangell
Little is known of Benjamin’s story aside from his birth on 28 January 1869 at Hindmarsh
Valley182, his migration to Western Australia183 and his death in that state on 18 April
1932,184 although it is thought he died unmarried.185
l) Samuel Gangell
The last of the children of Wilhelmine and her husband, Samuel was born on 15 July
1872 at Gumeracha,186 the only child not born on the southern Fleurieu Peninsula. His
oldest siblings were in/near their twenties before he was born.187
Samuel married Beatrice Woodifield on 25 May 1898 in the Barossa Primitive Methodist
church.188 He was 25 and she was 20. Neither had previously been married.
They had 4 children in the Barossa area between 1899 and 1905,189 when they moved to
Western Australia to farm.190 They had 10 children in all,191 including one son killed in
action in Crete in May 1941.192
Samuel died 11 June 1932,193 having long out-lived Beatrice, who had died in 1918.194
- 10 -
Explanatory Notes
1
The burial plan for the Johnburgh Cemetery is held by the Orroroo Carrieton District
Council.
2
Luckraft, J, The Johnburgh District Centenary – a tribute to the pioneers (updated
1996), Johnburgh Centenary Committee.
3
Ibid.
4
A plaque placed on a boulder in Johnburgh and unveiled in March 1976 pays “tribute
to the foresight and courage displayed by the pioneers of the Johnburgh district,
1876–1976.”
5
(a) Year of birth based on ages recorded at marriage and death dates, rather than on
records of birth.
(b) Naturalisation certificate for brother Carl confirms Königsmühl as birthplace.
(c) Leask’s Genealogical Guide to some Australian Families their Antecedents and
Genealogies, comp & ed Leask, BC, Australian Genealogies Pty Ltd, 1979.
(d) South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society (SAGHS), South Australian
Biographical Index, p 874.
6
(a) Leask, BC, op cit.
(b) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p874.
(c) Ferman (or Fährman) is confirmed as maiden name of Wilhelmine’s mother by her
death certificate and other records associated with her later Wallschlager
marriage.
7
(a) Leask, BC, op cit.
(b) Also based on stated age at marriage - SAGHS, South Australian Marriage
Registrations 1842 to 1916, CD Rom.
8
(a) Leask, BC, op cit, birth date noted as 29 September 1833.
(b) Headstone at Lakes Terrace Cemetery, Mt Gambier, which also shows death date
as 24 December 1904.
(c) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p874.
(d) SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916 – confirms Friedrich/Ferdinand Kannenberg as
Carl’s father.
9
(a) Schubert, D, Kavel's People, Lutheran Publishing House, Adelaide, 1985, Section
II.
(b) Website www.genemaas.net/Pommern, Pomerania, history of
Pomerania/Pommern.
- 11 -
10
(a) Death Certificate for Mary Wallschlager (née Ferman) formerly Kannenberg source Cleary, S.
(b) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p1666.
(c) Leask, BC, op cit.
11
(a) Ibid.
(b) Death records for Gottlieb Wallschlager, died 10 August 1885, Southland Hospital,
Invercargill, New Zealand, record his birth in Copenhagen – source Cleary, S.
12
Death Certificate for Mary Wallschlager (née Ferman) formerly Kannenberg - source
Cleary, S.
13
SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p1666.
14
(a) Smith, CN, “Nineteenth-Century emigration of “Old Lutherans” from Eastern
Germany (mainly Pomerania and Lower Silesia) to Australia, Canada, and the
United States”. German-American Genealogical Research Monograph no7, 1980.
(b) Iwan, W, Because of their beliefs: Emigration from Prussia to Australia, Translated
and edited (with additional material by D Schubert) Schubert, H, Highgate, SA,
1995.
15
A range of support schemes aided the immigration of settlers in the new colony. Most
of the immigrants so assisted were British, but early German settlers also benefited
from financial assistance to journey to the new colony and then establish themselves.
16
(a) Website www.southaustralianhistory.com.au, George Fife Angas.
(b) Schubert, D, op cit, numerous references.
17
Some sources show the captain’s surname as Pierson.
18
Schubert, D, op cit, Preface and Summary of Events pX, p2, Chapter 1.
19
Coroneos, C, Shipwrecks of Encounter Bay and Backstairs Passage. Adelaide: South
Australian Maritime Heritage Series No. 3, AIMA Special Publication No.8, 1997, p45.
20
(a) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p1666 - records arrival of CF Wallschlager.
(b) Various published shipping lists of the Solway.
21
Manifest of the SOLWAY from South Australian Company - State Library of South
Australia.
22
SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p995 – notes her birth on 22 December 1823 in
Selnation, Pomerania.
23
Example: Obituary for Carl Kannenberg, The Register, 2 January 1905.
- 12 -
24
(a) The South Australian Register, Adelaide, January 1838.
(b) Coroneos, C, op cit, p45.
25
Ibid, p48.
26
(a) Taylor, R, Unearthed: The Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island, Kent Town,
2002.
(b) Website www.southaustralianhistory.com.au, Kangaroo Island.
27
Register of persons brought to Adelaide Gaol, GRS24 14 1/P Vol D, p240.
28
Sexton, RT, Shipping Arrivals and Departures South Australia, 1627-1850, p116 –
records nine voyages of the HENRY from Launceston during 1846.
29
Coroneos, C, op cit, p45.
30
Website, www.aussieheritage.com.au, profile of Encounter Bay Region, Victor Harbor,
SA - “In 1840 a Lutheran missionary, Meyer, established an aboriginal mission at
Encounter Bay”.
31
(a) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p995.
(b) First Families 2001, website – entry for MacKenzie/Wallschlaeger.
32
Ibid.
33
SAGHS, South Australian Births Registration 1842-1906, CD Rom – identifies four
children born to the couple in the Barossa area.
34
First Families 2001, website – loc cit.
35
Ibid.
36
(a) SAGHS, SABiographical Index, p995.
(b) First Families 2001, website – loc cit.
37
(a) Archives Office of Tasmania, website http://portal.archives.tas.gov.au, Archives
Search Portal
(b) Tasmanian Pioneer Index, CD Rom.
(c) Year of birth based on stated age at marriage - SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842 to
1916.
(d) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p546.
(e) Mary had given birth to John prior to marrying William, who adopted him.
38
(a) Website, freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~garter1/Gangell.htm .
(b) First Families 2001, website – entry for Gangell.Skelhorn.
- 13 -
(b) Ring, M “The First European Marriage in van Diemen’s Land”, in Tasmanian
Ancestry, December 2003, pp174-175.
39
(a) Ibid.
(b) Website, freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~garter1/Gangell.htm .
40
(a) Ring, M, loc cit.
(b) Archives Office of Tasmania, op cit.
41
Ibid.
42
(a) Ring, M, loc cit.
(b) Tardif, P, Notorious Strumpets and Dangerous Girls: Convict Women in Van
Diemen’s Land, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1990, pp312-313.
43
(a) Ring, M, loc cit.
(b) Tardif, P, ibid.
44
Archives Office of Tasmania, op cit.
45
(a) SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842 to 1916.
(b) Marriage Certificate of Wilhelmine Kannenberg and John Gangell.
46
(a) The Adelaide Observer, Thursday 19 August 1869, reported the sentencing of
John Gangell to 2 years hard labour for “feloniously assaulting and ravishing Mary
Ann Gangell, his daughter, at the Finniss on October 19 1868.”
(b) The South Australian Police Gazette of September 1, 1869 included a list of
prisoners tried at the Criminal Sittings of the Supreme Court, Adelaide, as well as
their crimes.
(c) Register of persons brought to Adelaide Gaol, GRS24 14 1/P Vol D, p240.
(d) The SA Police Gazette of 11 January, 1870, included the following:
John Gangel, tried at Adelaide 10th August 1869, for indecent assault; two years’ hard
labour; native of Hobart Town VDL; a farmer and sawyer; age 53 years; height 5ft
11ins; complexion florid; hair very dark brown, turning grey; eyes blue; nose large and
pointed; mouth small; chin small; burn mark left side, ditto left thigh. Freedom due
13th January, 1871.
47
SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p546.
48
Cameron, J, A Band of Pioneers: A history of the Congregational Churches along the
South Coast from 1839-1977, pp21-22.
49
Anecdotal evidence – unpublished sources.
- 14 -
50
District Register of Deaths, Crawford District, microfiche – noted his birth near Victor
Harbor and 71 years in the colony.
51
SAGHS, SA Births 1842-1906 - birth date shown as 31 December 1852.
52
Birth details unsighted, but at her death on 25 May 1860 at Hindmarsh Valley she was
variously reported as being aged five or six years.
53
District Register of Births, Encounter Bay District, microfiche.
54
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906 – DOB 10 June 1857.
55
Ibid – birth date shown as 13 May 1859.
56
Ibid - birth date shown as 14 November 1862.
57
Ibid - birth date shown as 7 March 1865.
58
Ibid - birth date shown as 5 March 1867.
59
Ibid - birth date shown as 28 January 1869.
60
Ibid – birth date shown as 15 July 1872.
61
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842 to 1916.
62
SAGHS, South Australian Death Registrations 1842-1915, CD Rom.
63
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842 to 1916.
64
Ibid.
65
(a) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p874.
(b) Obituary for Carl Kannenberg - The Register, 2 January 1905.
66
Naturalisation Certificate for Carl Kannenberg and accompanying letters.
67
SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842-1915.
68
(a) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p961.
(b) Leask, BC, op cit
69
(a) Death Certificate for Mary Wallschlager (née Ferman) formerly Kannenberg.
(b) Ibid, p616.
(c) SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p1666.
70
Death Certificate for Mary Wallschlager (née Ferman) formerly Kannenberg.
71
See notes 47(a) to 47(c).
- 15 -
72
(a) The South Australian Register, Thursday, 19 August, 1869.
(b) The Adelaide Observer, Saturday, 21 August, 1869.
(c) The Southern Argus, Saturday, 21 August, 1869.
73
(a) The Adelaide Observer, Thursday 19 August 1869, reported the sentencing of
John Gangell to 2 years hard labour for “feloniously assaulting and ravishing Mary
Ann Gangell, his daughter, at the Finniss on October 19 1868.”
(b) The South Australian Register, Saturday 28 August 1869, reported the sentencing
of Charles Gangell to 18 calendar months hard labour for “an indecent assault
upon Sarah Ann Kenny at Hindmarsh Valley” on 9 July 1869.
74
Register of Baptisms, St Jude’s, Pt Elliot, 1875 - parents shown as John and Mina
Gangell, the Minister as Edward Howell.
75
Register of persons brought to Adelaide Gaol, GRS24 14 1/P Vol D, p240.
76
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906 – birth date shown as 15 July 1872.
77
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1879-1905.
78
District of Para Wirra, Council Assessments, 1877-1879.
79
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1879-1905.
80
South Australian Supreme Court, Letters of Administration, JohnGangell, Ref
I59/07421.
81
Death certificate for John Gangell.
82
(a) Old System Section (OSS), Land Services Branch, Book 410, Memorial 89,
microfilm.
(b) OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 1885-1889.
83
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1891-1896.
84
OSS, Book 417, Memorial 220, microfilm.
85
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1889-1894.
86
Ibid.
87
SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842 to 1915.
88
Ibid.
89
Year of birth based on age stated on Marriage Certificate of Charles Gangell and
Ellen Butler.
- 16 -
90
His father John Gangell was recorded as a farmer on the birth register entries for the
children variously born at Inman Valley, Hindmarsh Valley, Bald Hills and ‘near Victor
Harbor’.
91
(a) The South Australian Register, Thursday, 19 August, 1869.
(b) The Adelaide Observer, Saturday, 21 August, 1869.
(c) The Southern Argus, Saturday, 21 August, 1869.
92
The South Australian Register, Saturday 28 August 1869, reported the sentencing of
Charles Gangell to 18 calendar months hard labour.
93
Charles was described as 16 years of age in newspaper reports and the official list of
persons put into gaol, but no clear evidence has been found to confirm hid birth date.
94
Register of persons brought to Adelaide Gaol, GRS24 14 1/P Vol D, p240.
95
Ibid – Charles final discharge from Dry Creek was on 6 September 1870.
96
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
97
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directory, 1888.
98
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1889-1894.
99
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1896-1903.
100
Hocking, G, No Ordinary Life: Samuel Maguire, p53.
101
(a) SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842 to 1915.
(b) Death Certificate of Charles Gangell.
102
(a) District Register of Deaths, Flinders District, microfiche.
(b) Hocking, G, op cit, p52 - reprinted from “West Coast Sentinel”, 6 September 1912.
103
Ibid.
104
(a) Death Certificate of Ellen Gangell.
(b) SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842 to 1915.
105
Northern Areas Council, website www.nacouncil.sa.gov.au, cemeteries listing.
106
Lawrence, A, Information submitted to family history website www.gingell.com.
107
District Register of Deaths, Crawford District, microfiche – noted his birth near Victor
Harbor and 71 years in the colony.
108
(a) SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
- 17 -
(b) District Register of Marriages, Talunga District, microfiche.
109
District of Para Wirra, Council Assessments, 1879-1880.
110
Marriage Certificate of Susannah Gangell and Patrick Murphy - witnesses Jacob
Gangell (his mark) and Margaret Murphy.
111
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
112
OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 904-1944.
113
District Register of Deaths, Crawford District, microfiche.
114
Photograph of headstone, Williamstown Cemetery.
115
Ibid.
116
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
117
See notes 47(a) to 47(c).
118
Register of Baptisms, St Jude’s, Pt Elliot, 1875 - parents shown as John and Mina
Gangell, the Minister as Edward Howell.
119
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906 – the last son of Wilhelmine and John, Samuel, was
born in Gumeracha on 15 July 1872.
120
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
121
SAGHS, SA Biographical Index, p1675.
122
Ibid
123
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
124
SAGHS, South Australian Death Registrations 1916 to 1972.
125
Ibid.
126
SAGH, Burial List, Magill Cemetery.
127
Birth details unsighted, but at her death on 25 May 1860 at Hindmarsh Valley she was
variously reported as being aged five or six years.
128
SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842 to 1915.
129
(a) Lease Book, Encounter Bay General Cemetery.
(b) District Register of Deaths, Encounter Bay District, microfiche - An addition to the
entry indicates that Alice was the first to be buried in the cemetery.
- 18 -
130
District Register of Births, Encounter Bay District, microfiche – child recorded as “son
of John Gangell and Mana Gangle, formerly Wallsalter”.
131
Hand-written notes from local historians, Curnow and Pomery.
132
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
133
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
134
Ibid.
135
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
136
Ibid.
137
SAGHS, SA Deaths 1842 to 1915.
138
District Council of Orroroo Carrieton, Cemetery Records, Johnburgh Cemetery.
139
District Register of Deaths, Port Adelaide District, microfiche.
140
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
141
(a) OSS, Land Services Branch, Book 410, Memorial 89, microfilm.
(b) OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 1885-1889.
142
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1891-1896.
143
(a) Catchpole, G, Information submitted to family history website www.gingell.com.
(b) WA Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, website www.mcb.wa.gov.au, burial records
for Karrakatta Cemetery.
144
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
145
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842 to 1916.
146
SAGHS, ibid - Jacob Gangell married Mary Ann Murphy on 14 February 1878.
147
Amber, B, Personal family history of Patrick and Susannah (nee Gangell) Murphy,
unpublished.
148
Ibid.
149
Marriage Certificate of Susannah Gangell and Patrick Murphy - witnesses Jacob
Gangell (his mark) and Margaret Murphy.
150
Amber, B, op cit.
151
Ibid.
- 19 -
152
SAGHS, SA Births 1842-1906.
153
Amber, B, op cit.
154
Ibid.
155
Ibid.
156
Ibid.
157
Ibid.
158
Ibid.
159
Ibid.
160
Ibid.
161
Ibid.
162
Ibid.
163
Ibid.
164
SAGHS, SA Births 1842-1906.
165
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
166
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906 – child’s full name was Alexander Henry
Hogan/Solly.
167
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
168
OSS, Book 417, Memorial 220, microfilm.
169
Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1897-1905.
170
OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 1900-1903.
171
OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 1904-1944.
172
District Register of Deaths, Frome District, microfiche - recorded as a grazier of
Orroroo.
173
Ibid.
174
District Council of Orroroo Carrieton, Orroroo Cemetery Records, Plot C141, Reg no
241.
175
Ibid, Plot C142, Reg no 242.
176
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
- 20 -
177
(a) OSS, Index to Real Property Act Titles, 1890-1894.
(b) Sands & McDougall’s South Australian Directories, 1890-1894.
178
District Register of Deaths, Frome District, microfiche.
179
Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia, website
www.justice.wa.gov.au, online indexes.
180
Ibid.
181
(a) Ibid.
(b) WA Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, op cit.
(c) Catchpole, G, op cit.
182
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
183
Online passenger lists accessed at the State Library of Western Australia record a Mr
B Gangell arriving in Fremantle from Adelaide on 6 August 1903, aboard the
Darmstadt,
184
(a) Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia, op cit.
(b) WA Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, op cit.
185
No evidence found to date of either marriage or the birth of children.
186
(a) SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
(b) Catchpole, G, op cit.
187
Jacob, Charles and Mary Ann were the oldest siblings.
188
SAGHS, SA Marriages 1842-1916.
189
SAGHS, SA Births 1842 to 1906.
190
Catchpole, G, op cit.
191
Ibid.
192
Australian War Memorial, Canberra, website www.awm.gov.au, Roll of Honour entry
for Sydney Frederick Gangell.
193
(a) Catchpole, G, op cit.
(b) Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia, op cit.
194
(a) Catchpole, G, op cit.
(b) Department of the Attorney General, Western Australia, op cit.