BLOOD POISONING When one speaks of "indigeneity", the first comment/idea/meme will always be of "blood purity". There's just no way around it when coming from a eugenic, imperial root. Insane claims of "100% Pureblood" are frequently and made at powwows, and any non-Native immediately goes into a derogatory "well how Native are you- it can't be more than a little bit" (implying you're not Native if you aren't 100%) spiel. Somehow, the imperial pathology has gone deep into Native consciousness and identity. When one looks at the "treaties" with Native nations and the US imperial government, it becomes obvious why the obsession with "blood-purity" has been so prevalent. The contract between the Paumunki band of Powhatans and the Commonwealth of Virginia nullifies the agreement for the protected status of the reservation and it's land when the pure-blood percentage dips below 25%. The clan was never that big to begin with, and unless they engaged in Ancient Egyptian- or Satmar-style inbreeding, the contract was built to be null within eight or nine generations. The scenario has come true, as the current crop of Paumunki eligible to live on the reservation are now well into their 80's is dwindling, and their children and grandchildren don't have enough "racial purity" to inherit the land. The casino builders and elite real estate agents are drooling over the prospect of regaining the forested, waterfront property on the Chesapeake. Blood percentages and allele ratios are nothing new to empire. Besides the aforementioned Akenaten and Cohen genome knots, we had slavery defined by them as well. In the Americas, one could be Black, but not so Black, depending on the prevailing overlord's definitions. Arbitrary insane terms such as Octagaroon, Quadroon, Mulatto, High-Yellow and such determined whether or not you would be in a field toiling all day in the Sun, or you would be in the Master's house (or even bed). Blood percentages were a quick way to establish dominance and privilege. The Native experience under empire has been no different. Where once a high bloodpurity-percentage was a sign of being a "savage" needing to be "civilized" (and probably beaten and enslaved), now a higher blood-purity-percentage renders one more desirable, more esoteric and magical. The Trail of Tears and Napoleon Chagnon's search for the missing link among South American Native populations have now been replaced by disenfranchised monotheist "new-age seekers" rushing to find some meaning and connection not provided by their Eurasian empire. The blood-purity-percentage argument has also been used for statistical genocide- the work of Cohen, Dixon, et al have destroyed several Native populations legally, most famously the Ramapo on the New York and New Jersey border area. The "experts" come in, allegedly helping to locate a genome proving Native status, so that the group can get state or federal recognition. Instead of finding acceptable Native genetics, the researchers always conveniently find "Black" genomes, and the Native community is labeled as descended from escaped slaves or the like, and they are officially NOT "Native". The empire then uses this status to statistically and culturally destroy the community. In the case of the Ramapos, higher taxation rates on the land were suddenly enforced, and many Ramapos lost their homes. Developers rushed in to claim and "improve" once useless land. When one reads the contracts with Native nations, one sees this pattern repeated since the first Euro settlers stepped foot on Turtle Island. In the case of the Ramapos, I know several personally, and regardless of imperial genesoup-proofing, they have their language and faith and culture pretty much intact. This brings us to the loudest unspoken question: Is culture carried on a genome, or is it learned by having an immersed experience in a specific environment? The answer is by experience and learning. Oswald Spengler correctly states in Der Untergang des Abendlandes that "people are shaped by their environment, this is the interface from which culture originates. When people live in a land long enough, they will return to the indigenous state culturally and even in physical looks. The outcome is determined by the way one must live in a specific environment, the land will demand who the people who can reside there are, and how they will live." To return for a moment to the Paumunkis- according to their contract, the offspring of the current generation living on reservation are ineligible because their blood-purity is too "diluted," and yet if one of the old-timers was to adopt a homogenously Korean child in the Commonwealth, they would then be considered 100% Paumunki legally. The insanity makes my head spin. We can use a similar model to prove that Indigenaity and culture are learned, not genetic- a Sami infant from Norway is taken to live among the Korubo in the Western Amazon. The child is not genetically Korubo (whatever that means), but will speak only Korubo, eat only Korubo food, and know only of the rainforest and cloud-forests of the Tepuis. Is the child then a Korubo or a Sami? It depends on which lens you are looking at them through- that of engagement of reality, or that of eugenics. Hadenousaunee adoption of captives and newly-arrived foreigners, as well as the NiTaino Guatiao systems are proof that the Natives themselves looked upon culture as by experience, initiation, understanding, and learning, and not by some folded chromosomes. Any modern discussion of what it is to be Native must include these ideas in full, or the discussion is stuck using imperial words and terms that will bring the conversants back into the core of what they hate. I would like to close by sharing a section from the story of Kibeiaga, part of the Amatl Turey: Since then, he had seen only one other canoa, at a great distance. He had not hailed them, as he was more enchanted by the carey's behavior. This village on the shore was new, and ripe for adventure. Also, the moon he had spent by himself in the canoa with only the turtles for company had changed his heart towards other men. Song of the Cortchogue: Nobody here knows where the Terrapin goes or how the Cachalot roams when it starts to snow. We Matouac, handsome young men, strong in body and in mind, wade these shallow rivers that run both ways, looking for Shad. Shad roe and acorns feed our bodies, while the Red Road of the Sun feeds our spirits. We beg of you, Brothertell us a tale of the land where you are from. Share with us, feed our dreams, and we shall feed you our Roe. Are there Terrapins where you come from? Do the Cachalot rumble as they swim, searching for the icy Giant Squid? You are as handsome and strong as we Matouac are. We pray that you come in Love, not in Anger or Hatred. Come, and join us in our celebrations! The Terrapins, the Shad, and the Cachalot are returning! Stay, eat, and dance with us! Tonight, we shall retreat for sleep, back to the grotto of the Sun Bear. Beneath His arms, protected by His medicine, we shall become Brothers in Love. Share a Story, and leave our Cousin, Brother, Lover, and Friend! Kibeiaga's Response: Itza! 'Tiao! Finer Xi'paal'e have never been seen under Tonatiuh! I am from Boriken, a land a Moonbeam away. I, too, have wondered where the Carey go, and where the Cachalot journey off too. They leave Boriken, a great migration whose destination was, until now a mystery for my people. I arrived here by following the Carey and Cachalot up the coast in my canoa. We have not only solved our questions as to where our Turtles and Whales travel to, We have also found Each Other, and have entered into Each Other's Arms and Hearts. With that, Kibeiaga stayed with the Cortchogue on Paumanok. They traded stories and information, and their lineages became quite familiar. - Joaquin Raymundo, Sewaornock, Manahatouac