EXISTING
REVISED
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL HUSBANDARY
EXTENSION EDUCATION
SEMESTER V
PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY EXTENSION
VAE-311
Credit Hours: 2+1=3
THEORY
Concept of Sociology. Man-animal relationship (Society, Community, Association,
Institutions). Difference in livestock production practices of rural, urban and tribal
communities including rearing patterns. Social change and factors of change. Social
groups, its types and functions. Social transformation in relation to animal rearing.
Evolution of veterinary and animal husbandry extension in India. Extension education:
definition, philosophy and principles. Concept of Community development. Teaching
learning process, steps of teaching. Extension teaching methods; their classification
and use. Information delivery system in Veterinary and Animal Husbandry extension.
Information communication technology. Role of animals in economy, health and
socio-psychology of rural, semi urban and urban society. Client and stakeholder
dealings: techniques and procedures including tools for data collection, analysis,
history taking, follow-up and appraisal on prognosis. Adoption and diffusion of
livestock innovations. Leadership and role of leaders in animal husbandry extension.
Farming in rural India - large and small scale farming, mixed farming, co-operative
and collective farming, contractual farming, Co-operative Farming for Live Stock
Production, Advantages and limitations of co-operatives. Economic principles
underlying co-operative societies, co-operative milk unions in India. Social survey and
its types. Social sampling. Identification of key communicators and operating through
them. Identifying organizational difficulties in the way of organizing animal
husbandry extension programmes. Identification of constraints in the adoption of
improved animal husbandry practices. Animal Husbandry programme planning and
evaluation. Feedback evaluation of extension programmes and their impact analysis.
Panchayat Raj Institutions, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Animal Husbandry
Development Programmes in Cattle, buffalo, sheep , goat, poultry, rabbit and piggery.Key village scheme, Gosadan/Goshala, Integrated Cattle Development Programme
(ICDP), Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), ATMA.
Gender considerations in Veterinary practice. Changing expectations from new
recruits to the profession and employers of veterinarians. Growing changes in
corporate, client influence and changes in work ethics. Information communication
technologies. Virtual class room and self learning. E-learning. Information kiosks.
Agriculture portals. E-commerce- scope and local application. Computer aided
teaching/learning, web-sites dedicated to veterinary and animal sciences education,
web directories and virtual learning institutions (e-institutions).
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY EXTENSION EDUCATION
VETERINARY EXTENSION EDUCATION
Credit Hours: 3+1
THEORY
UNIT-1 (LIVESTOCK BASED LIVELIHOODS & ITS EVOLUTION)
History of domestication and their social dimensions. Evolution and relationship between agriculture
and animal husbandry. Farming and characteristics of farming in India. Classification of farming,
types and systems. Peasant farming, cooperative farming, collective farming, contract farming, estate
farming, organic farming, capitalistic farming, small-scale farming, large-scale farming, intensive,
extensive farming, specialized, diversified, mixed, integrated and dry land farming. Role of animals
in the contemporary society.
UNIT-2 (EXTENSION EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT)
Early extension efforts in India. Types of education: Formal, non-formal and informal education.
Extension education: Concept, levels, objectives and dimensions. Principles, philosophy and
functions of extension education. Teaching-learning process and steps in extension teaching. Concept
of need & its types. Rural development - Concept, significance and importance of rural development
programmes for poverty alleviation. Problems & Issues in development. Panchayati Raj System.
UNIT-3 (RURAL SOCIOLOGY IN VETERINARY EXTENSION)
Concept of sociology and rural sociology in animal husbandry extension. Culture: definition,
elements, change, impact on production systems.
Basic sociological concepts - society,
community and association. Rural society: characteristics and differences among society, community
and culture. Characteristics and differences among tribal, rural and urban communities. Social
control: concept & means of social control (techniques, folkways, taboos, mores and laws). Social
stratification: definition, forms and characteristics (caste system and class system). Social institutions
in rural society: Social, economic, political, religious and educational (definition, composition and
function). Social change: concept, importance and factors. Social groups: different groups,
classification of social groups and their characteristics. Leadership: definition, functions of leader,
types of rural leaders, Key communicators and their role in the animal husbandry extension.
UNIT-4 (TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FOR LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT)
Technology- Concept, generation process, application, merits and de-merits. Adoption and diffusion
of innovations, stages of adoption, adopter categories, innovation decision process, attributes of
innovations, diffusion process, factors affecting adoption and diffusion processes. Programme
planning- principles, objectives and steps. Evaluation of extension programme, constraints in the
adoption of scientific animal husbandry practices. Role of extension agents in diffusion of livestock
innovations. Cattle and buffalo improvement programmes: Key Village Scheme, Intensive Cattle
Development Project, Gosadan and Gaushala. Dairy development programmes: concept of
cooperation, Rochdale principles of cooperation, objectives of cooperative, Amul pattern of dairy
cooperative system and Operation Flood. Transfer of technology projects of Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR): Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Agricultural Technology Information
PRACTICAL
Audio-visual equipments. Principles and use of overhead, slide and multimedia
projectors, digital video/still camera. Preparation and use of visual aids like posters,
charts, flash cards, flipcharts, etc. Use of literature and media in Extension.
Identification of key elements in social sampling of data. Collection and analysis of
data. Identification of key communicators and operation programme. Enumeration of
organizational difficulties in animal husbandry extension programmes. Identification
of constraints in the adoption of improved animal husbandry practices. Constraint
analysis. Group discussions, techniques and procedures for awareness campaigns on
different veterinary and animal husbandry practices - signs of diseases, preservation of
eggs, clean milk production, controlling of ectoparasites, pail feeding of calves, sexing
and culling of birds, first aid for minor wounds, disinfection of byres, branding, use of
horn cauterization, timely A. I., choice of good progeny, care in pregnancy, infertility,
environmental hygiene, preparation of feeds and feeding schedules, deworming,
preventive hygiene, vaccination etc. Organization of animal welfare camps, exhibition,
livestock shows etc. Hands on training in the use of computers for teaching and
information dissemination. Rapid Rural Appraisal/Participatory Rural Appraisal in
identifying livestock production/health care practices.
SEMESTER VI
LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS, MARKETING AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
VAE-321
Credit Hours: 2+1=3
THEORY
Economics: Introduction, definition and scope (production, consumption, exchange
and distribution) of economic principles as applied to livestock. Common terms wants, goods, wealth, utility, price, value, real and money income. Important features
of land, labour, capital and organization. Livestock produce and products. Livestock
contributions to national economy. Demand projections of livestock produce. Theory
of consumer behaviour: law of diminishing marginal utility and indifference curve
analysis. Theory of demand; meaning, types of demand, demand curve and law of
demand, individual and market demand, elasticities of demand and factors affecting
demand. Laws and types of supply. Elasticity of supply. Cost concepts and principle
of fixed and variable costs. Theory of production, law of diminishing returns, laws of
returns to scale and concept of short and long run periods. Economics of animal
disease and disease losses.
Marketing:
Livestock business- concepts, nature and scope. Components,
characteristic of small business. Marketable livestock commodities. Concept of
market; meaning and classification of markets. Market price and normal price, price
determination under perfect competition in short and long run. Marketing of livestock,
and perishable and non-perishable livestock products. Merchandising - product
planning and development. Marketing functions; exchange functions- buying, selling
and demand creation. Physical functions- grading, transportation, storage and
warehousing. Facilitative functions - standardization, risk bearing, market information
and market intelligence. Market opportunities-marketing channels of livestock and
livestock products, organized/unorganized markets and cattle fairs. Import and export
of animal and animal products. International Agreements/Regulations (WTO and
Centre (ATIC), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA), National Agricultural
Innovation Project (NAIP), Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) etc. Different ongoing central
and state government animal husbandry development programmes being run related to sheep, goat,
poultry, piggery, fodder production etc.
UNIT-5 (COMMUNICATION AND EXTENSION TEACHING METHODS)
Communication and its functions. Basic concepts: communication fidelity, communication gap, time
lag in communication, empathy, homophily & heterophily, propaganda, publicity, persuasion and
development communication. Types of communication: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, verbal, nonverbal, vertical, horizontal, organizational communication etc. Elements of communication:
Communicator, message, channel, treatment of message, audience, and audience response (feedback).
Barriers of communication. Individual contact methods: Farm & home visit, farmer’s call, personal
letter, adaptive or minikit trial, farm clinic etc. Group contact methods: Result demonstration, method
demonstration, group meeting, training, field day or farmers’ day, study tour etc. Mass contact
methods: Farm publications (leaflet, folder, pamphlet, booklet, bulletin, farm magazine, newsletter
etc.), mass meeting, campaign, exhibition, newspaper, radio, television, mobile short message
service. Selection and use of extension teaching methods.
UNIT-6 (LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS & MARKETING)
Introduction to Economics and Livestock Economics: definition and scope (production, consumption,
exchange and distribution). Basic concepts- wants, goods, wealth, utility, price, value, assets, capital,
money, income etc. Important features of land, labour, capital and organization. Theories of demand,
supply and cost. Theories of production (law of diminishing return, increasing return, constant return
and return to scale). Concept of market: market, market structure and classification of markets.
Market price and normal price, price determination under perfect competition in short and long run.
Marketing functions: meaning and their classification (packaging, transportation, grading,
standardization, storage & warehousing, processing & value addition, buying & selling, market
information, financing, risk bearing, minimization of risks (speculation and hedging). Marketing
agencies, institutions and channels for livestock and livestock products. Government interventions
and role in marketing of livestock and livestock products. External trade in livestock products, recent
policies on trade and international trade agreements and their implications in livestock sector.
UNIT-7 (LIVESTOCK ENTREPRENEURSHIP)
Definition of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, enterprise and manager. Difference between
entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, entrepreneur and enterprise, entrepreneur and manager. Theories
of entrepreneurship: Sociological theory, economic theory, cultural theory, psychological theory.
Types, characteristics and functions of an entrepreneur. Forms of entrepreneurship: (Sole
proprietorship, partnership, corporation, cooperative, joint stock company, Private and Public Limited
Company). Introduction to financial management: concept, function, analysis of financial statement,
sources of capital (banks, venture capitals, etc.). Project appraisal- Introduction, importance, technoeconomic feasibility, criteria of project evaluation (discounted and non-discounted), capital
budgeting, etc. Business plan for enterprise. Institutions promoting entrepreneurship in India.
Entrepreneurship development programmes. Accounting: objectives, common terms. Personnel
management-identification of work, job analysis, division of labour etc. Resource managementorganization aspect of livestock farms, resources and procurement of inputs and financial resources,
break-even- analysis etc.
UNIT-8 (INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)
GATT) for marketing/trade of live animals and products.
Management: Resource Management- Organizational aspects of livestock farms,
sources and procurement of inputs and financial resources. Break- even – analysis.
Personnel (Labour) Management- Identification of work and work (job)
analysis/division of labour.
Accounting: Definition, objectives, common terms. Different systems of book
keeping- single and double entry system. Various types of account books including
books of original entry. Classification of accounts and rules of debit and credit.
Recording of business transactions. Analysis of financial accounts- income and
expenditure accounts, trading account, profit and loss accounts.
PRACTICAL
Book keeping; general entry, writing of journal and ledger, cash book (two and three
column), purchase-sale and purchase-sale return registers, trading account, profit and
loss accounts, income and expenditure accounts, balance sheet, bills of exchange (bill
of receivable and bill of payable), bank reconciliation statement. Economics of a dairy
unit, poultry, piggery, sheep and goat units. Visit to farms, markets and cattle fairs,
backyard units and preparation of report.
SEMESTER IX
LIVESTOCK ENTERPRENEURSHIP
VAE-511
Credit Hours: 1+0=1
THEORY
Livestock Enterpreneurship. Avenues of enterpreneurship/employment in private and
public sectors. Key concepts and theories of self-employment and enterpreneurship.
Essential criteria for development of enterpreneurship in livestock sector - basic
requirements for enterpreneurship initiatives in livestock and allied sectors (i.e. techno
economic feasibility of the enterprises under different conditions, training and
management skills, business acumen, business communication, inter-personnel skills
for establishing an enterprise, etc.). Enterpreneurial training/development programmes
at the State and National level. Animal Insurance. Bank support for entrepreneurship.
Financial credit and financial management- general Principles and practices, analyzing
project appraisals and reports, capital expenditure decisions, re- investment and
payback. Preparing projects for bank appraisal, banking requirements. Assessing
project profits. Procurement management, quality issues, standardization, grading and
packaging. Marketing channels. Retail marketing, sales operations and management,
advertising, marketing of services. Expectations from a Veterinary professional. Ecojobs and sustainable development through livestock. Approach to preparation of
Enterpreneurial Project on livestock.
Strengths and limitations of ICTs application in livestock sector and farmers capacity building.
Information kiosk, E-learning, CAD, virtual class room, virtual reality, multi-media etc. Cyber
extension- problems and prospects in livestock extension. Computer networking: (LAN, MAN,
WAN, Internet, tele-conferencing, tele-text, radio-text, video-text, interactive cable distribution
system, satellite communication, internet, www, etc.).
UNIT-9 (CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN LIVESTOCK ENTERPRISES)
Gender and animal husbandry- definition, difference between gender and sex, role of women in
animal husbandry, gender sensitization, importance of gender sensitization in animal husbandry, need
for gender analysis, gender budgeting & mainstreaming. Salient features of recent livestock census,
livestock insurance scheme, national livestock mission. Sustainability- concept of sustainability of
livestock production system (social, environmental and economic challenges faced). Introduction to
environmental consequences of livestock rearing. Animal welfare: Introduction to animal welfare,
ethics and rights. Importance of animal welfare in the contemporary society. Expectations from
veterinary professionals.
PRACTICAL
UNIT-1 Tools of data collection: Preparation of instrument for conducting social survey; Visit to
nearby village: Conducting social survey for assessment of farming system and constraints; Data
analysis and reporting; Organizing demonstration for farmers; identification of key communicators
by Socio-metric method; Familiarization with audio-visual aids; Principle and use of projectors;
Preparation of Radio Script Preparation of Television script; Preparation and use of poster;
Preparation and use of chart; Preparation and use of flash cards; Preparation and use of farm
publications for extension work; Planning and organizing an awareness campaign (Health &
Production); Planning & organization of animal health camps; Exercise on rapid rural appraisal
(RRA).; Exercise on participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique; Planning & organization of group
discussion.
UNIT-2 Rules of debit and credit in livestock business transactions. Journal Entry & Ledger Posting.
Writing of Cash Book. Balancing & preparation of final accounts. Exercise on calculation of
depreciation. Visit to commercial enterprises of livestock production. Preparation of dairy
entrepreneurial project report. Preparation of sheep & goat entrepreneurial project report. Preparation
of poultry entrepreneurial project report. Preparation of piggery/rabbit entrepreneurial project report.
Techno-economic feasibility report. Exercise on Break-even analysis. Exercise on BCR, IRR &
NPW. Case study of successful entrepreneurial project. Visit to livestock market. Visit to livestock
fair. Exercise on economics of diseases
ANNUAL EXAMINATION
PAPERS
UNITS
MAXIMUM MARKS
WEIGHTAGE
THEORY
Paper-I
1, 2, 3,4 and 5
50
25
Paper-II
6,7,8 and 9
50
25
PRACTICAL
Paper-I
Paper-II
1
2
30
30
15
15