Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Threatened Species Nomination Form - For adding or changing
the category of a native species in the list of threatened species
under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
Form current as of November 2010
1
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Act 1999 (EPBC Act)
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
2011 Assessment Period
Nominator details
Note: Nominator details are subject to the provision of the Privacy Act 1988 and will not be divulged to
third parties if advice regarding the nomination is sought from such parties.
1. Full name
WWF-Australia
Form current as of November 2010
2
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
2. Body, organisation or company name (if applicable)
WWF-Australia
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
3. Contact details
Email:gllewellyn@wwf.org.au
Phone: 02 9281 5515
Fax: 02 9281 1060
Postal address: Level 13, 235 Jones St
Ultimo NSW 2007 PO Box 528 Sydney NSW 2001
4. Declaration: I declare that the information in this nomination and its attachments is true
and correct to the best of my knowledge.
Form current as of November 2010
3
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Signed (If available, please attach an electronic signature when submitting by email):
5. Date signed: 24th March 2010
Nominated species - summary of eligibility
1. Name of species (or subspecies)
Form current as of November 2010
4
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Australian snubfin dolphin
2. Category for which the species is nominated under the EPBC Act
Current listing category
Proposed listing category
 Extinct
 Extinct
 Extinct in the wild
 Extinct in the wild
 Critically Endangered
 Critically Endangered
 Endangered
 Endangered
 Vulnerable
X Vulnerable
 Conservation dependent
 Conservation dependent
Form current as of November 2010
5
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
X Unlisted
3. Criteria under which the species is eligible for listing
For a species nominated as critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable, identify which of the
eligibility criteria it meets (one or more) from the list below. Please note that the information you
provide in this nomination form should support the criteria you select.
For further details on the criteria, please refer to the Threatened Species Scientific Committee
Form current as of November 2010
6
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
guidelines attached to this form.
X Criterion 1 - It has undergone, is suspected to have undergone or is likely to undergo in the
immediate future a very severe, severe or substantial reduction in numbers.
X Criterion 2 - Its geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of the species and is very
restricted, restricted or limited.
 Criterion 3 - The estimated total number of mature individuals is limited to a particular degree and:
(a) evidence suggests that the number will continue to decline at a particular rate; or
(b) the number is likely to continue to decline and its geographic distribution is
precarious for its survival.
Form current as of November 2010
7
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Criterion 4 - The estimated total number of mature individuals is extremely low, very low or low.
Criterion 5 - Probability of extinction in the wild.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?


For species nominated as conservation dependent, identify which criterion the species meets (either
criterion 1 or criterion 2).
 Criterion 1 - The species is the focus of a specific conservation program, the cessation of which
would result in the species becoming vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered; or
 Criterion 2:
 The species is a species of fish; and
Form current as of November 2010
8
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
 The species is the focus of a plan of management that provides for management actions necessary
to stop the decline of, and support the recovery of, the species so that its chances of long term
survival in nature are maximised; and
 The plan of management is in force under a law of the Commonwealth or of a State or Territory;
and
 Cessation of the plan of management would adversely affect the conservation status of the species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Important notes for completing this form

Complete the form as far as possible. It is important for the Threatened Species Scientific
Form current as of November 2010
9
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Committee to have comprehensive information and the best case on which to judge a species’
eligibility against the EPBC Act criteria for listing (Attachment A).
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?

To ensure you have the most up to date information, it is recommended that you contact the
relevant Natural Resource Management authority. For details see the Caring for Our Country
website: www.nrm.gov.au.

Nominations that do not meet the EPBC Regulations will not proceed. Division 7.2 of the EPBC
Regulations 2000 (www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.html) specifies the required
information. Note that, if after a search, relevant information is not available, please state this
under the relevant question in the nomination form (as noted under sub-regulation 7.04(3)).

Keep in mind that the purpose of the questions is to help identify why the species is eligible for
Form current as of November 2010
10
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
listing in the nominated conservation category.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?

Subspecies (or other taxa lower than the species level) may be nominated, but it is important to
provide information on the full national range of the species to support the claims.

The questions are separated into themes, which indirectly or directly relate to the criteria for
listing. The Committee provides the following general description of what kind of information
informs its judgements against the EPBC Act criteria for listing (Attachment A).

If the species is considered to be affected by climate change, please refer to the Guidelines for
assessing climate change as a threat to native species (Attachment B) prior to completing the
nomination form.
Form current as of November 2010
11
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)

For all facts and all information presented - identify your references and sources of information.
Document the reasons and supportive data. Indicate the quality of facts/information and any
uncertainty in the information. For example was it based on a peer-reviewed research
publication or anecdote; or on observed data, an inference/extrapolation from the data, or a
reasonable premise not yet supported by hard data.

Personal communications - The opinion of appropriate scientific experts may also be cited (with
their approval) in support of a nomination. If this is done the names of the experts, their
qualifications and full contact details must also be provided at the end of this nomination.

Confidential material – Identify any confidential material and explain the sensitivity.
Form current as of November 2010
12
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?

Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Tables – Can be included at the end of the form or prepared as separate electronic documents
included as appendixes or attachments. Refer to tables in the relevant area of the text.
 Maps - If maps cannot be supplied electronically, please provide them in hardcopy.
Cross-reference relevant areas of the nomination form where needed.
Form current as of November 2010
13
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
How to lodge your nomination
Completed nominations may be lodged either:
1. by email to: epbc.nominations@environment.gov.au, or
2. by mail to: The Director
Species Listing Section
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
GPO Box 787
Canberra ACT 2601
Form current as of November 2010
14
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Further information
The Threatened Species Scientific Committee has developed guidelines to assist nominators. The
guidelines are attached to this form. They include the statutory criteria for the ‘critically endangered’,
‘endangered’ and ‘vulnerable’ categories at Part A. Indicative thresholds, which may be used by the
Committee to assess whether a species is eligible for listing against the criteria prescribed by the EPBC
Form current as of November 2010
15
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Regulations, are at Part B. It should be noted that the Committee does not apply these thresholds
strictly, but has regard to them when making judgments about species in terms of their biological
contexts, and on a case-by-case basis.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
More detailed information on all categories for threatened species can be found in Section 179 of the
EPBC Act and the statutory criteria can be found in Division 7.1 of the EPBC Regulations 2000. These
are available at: www.environment.gov.au/epbc/about/index.html
For questions regarding nominations contact:
The Director
Form current as of November 2010
16
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Species Listing Section
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
GPO Box 787
Canberra ACT 2601
Telephone (02) 6274 2238
Fax (02) 6274 2214
Form current as of November 2010
17
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
Form current as of November 2010
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for
Australian snubfin dolphins around Australia, the information
provided in this nominations provides evidence for:
18
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over
the last three generations, where the reduction or its
causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline
in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of
exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be
met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based
on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential
levels of exploitation, and that
Form current as of November 2010
19
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for
the survival of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a)
severely fragmented, or known to exist at a limited location, and
b(iii) continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected in area,
extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
20
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
accepted scientific and common
name/s for the species (please
include Indigenous names, where
known)?
Note any other scientific names that
have been used recently. Note the
species authority and the Order and
Family to which the species belongs
(Family name alone is sufficient for
plants, however, both Order and
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla
(Marsh et al. 2010).
21
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Family name are required for
insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is
there any controversy about the
taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT
conventionally accepted, please
provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin
dolphin] was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its
description, the snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the
22
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
species in a form suitable for publication
in conventional scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution
has a specimen of the species and a
written statement signed by a person
who has relevant taxonomic expertise
(has worked, or is a published author,
on the class of species nominated), that
the person thinks the species is a new
species.
5. Is this species taxonomically
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
scientific and popular literature.
Yes
23
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
distinct (Taxonomic distinctiveness
– a measure of how unique a
species is relative to other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy
dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and
consistent genetic, cranial and external morphometric and
colouration differences between these two species (Beasley et al.
2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
24
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Legal Status
6. What is the species’ current
conservation status under
Australian and State/Territory
Government legislation?
Nationally, the snubfin dolphin is listed as:
--‘Migratory’ under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999
--‘Priority Species – Insufficiently Known (K)’ in the Review
of Conservation of Australia’s Smaller Whales and Dolphins
State-wide, the snubfin dolphin is listed as:
Form current as of November 2010
25
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
--‘Near Threatened’ under the Queensland Nature
Conservation Act 1992
--‘Priority 4’ under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation
Act 1950 (i.e. taxa which are considered to have been
adequately surveyed, or for which sufficient knowledge is
available, and which are considered not currently threatened or
in need of special protection, but could be if circumstances
change).
--‘Data Deficient’ under Northern Territory Government
legislation.
26
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
7. Does the species have specific
protection (e.g. listed on an annex
or appendix) under other legislation
or intergovernmental
arrangements, e.g. Convention on
International Trade in Endangered
Fauna and Flora (CITES),
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
--‘Protected Species’ under Regulation 29 of the Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Regulations 1983
Internationally, the snubfin dolphin is listed as:
--‘Near Threatened’ by the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
As stated by Reeves et al. 2008 ‘Although the species could be
listed as ‘Data Deficient’, ‘Near Threatened’ is more appropriate
given its limited range, low densities in surveyed areas, and its
continuing vulnerability to bycatch’.
27
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Convention on Migratory Species
(CMS).
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
--‘Appendix I’ by the Convention on International Trade of
Endangered Species (CITES)
Fauna threatened with extinction. CITES prohibits international
trade in specimens except when the purpose of the import is not
commercial (i.e. scientific research).
--‘Appendix II’ by the Bonn Convention – Convention on
Migratory Species (CMS)
Appendix II which lists ‘Migratory species that have an
unfavorable conservation status or would benefit significantly
from international co-operation organised by tailored agreements
28
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
are listed in Appendix II to the Convention’.
29
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Description
8. Give a brief description of the
species’ appearance, including size
and/or weight, and sex and age
variation if appropriate; social
structure and dispersion (e.g.
solitary/clumped/flocks).
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Snubfin dolphins are a small delphinid, characterized by a
rounded head; no beak; and large, broad paddle-like mobile
flippers. Distinctive features of snubfin dolphins compared to
Irrawaddy dolphins are 1. a visible neck crease (commonly
indistinct in Irrawaddy dolphins); 2. a lack of a dorsal groove
between the snout and the dorsal fin (dorsal groove present in
front of the dorsal fin in Irrawaddy dolphins); and 3. a subtle
three-tone colouration, consisting of a dark cape, intermediate
light to brownish grey side, and white abdomen (Irrawaddy
30
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins are a uniform slately-grey colouration with white
abdomen (Arnold and Heinsohn 1996; Beasley et al. 2005). The
dorsal fin of the snubfin dolphin is small and situated in the latter
half of the body (Beasley et al. 2005). The teeth are peg-like,
with 11-22 teeth on each side of the lower and upper jaws
(Beasley et al. 2005).
The maximum recorded length for males is 2.7 m and 2.3 m for
females (Beasley et al. 2005). The maximum recorded weight is
133 kg (Arnold and Heinsohn 1996). There appears to be some
sexual dimorphism in snubfin dolphins, with males growing
Form current as of November 2010
31
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
larger than females, but further specimens are required for
examination before this can be verified (Beasley et al. 2005).
Aging studies using tooth sectioning confirmed that snubfin
dolphins’ reach at least 28 years old (Marsh et al. 1989), with a
maximum life-span estimated to be approximately 30 years
(Robertson and Arnold 2009).
As a result of the minimal information available on snubfin
dolphin life history, reproductive parameters are estimated from
the closely related Irrawaddy dolphin. Gestation for Irrawaddy
dolphins is estimated as up to 14 months (based on a captive
Form current as of November 2010
32
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
animal: Marsh et al. 1989; Tas’an et al 1980; Tas’an and
Leatherwood 1984), although eleven months would be
comparable to most other small cetaceans (Kasuya 1972; Gaskin
et al. 1984; Jefferson 2000). The weight and length at birth of a
captive Irrawaddy dolphin were 12.3 kg and 0.96 m,
respectively, while weaning occurred at two years old (Tas’an
and Leatherwood 1984). Adult size (2.1 m) is reached at 4-6
years (Robertson and Arnold 2009). Taylor et al. (2007)
estimated that snubfin dolphin age of first reproduction is nine
years. As with other small cetaceans, it is likely that the snubfin
33
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphin gives birth to one calf every 2-3 years (Taylor et al.
2007; Martien et al. 1999). These biological characteristics
result in a population growth rate of approximately 2% under
ideal conditions (Slooten and Lad 1991).
Group size of snubfin dolphins varies from 1 to 19 animals, with
an average of 5 individuals (Parra 2005; Thiele 2010). Analysis
of snubfin dolphin social structure indicates that snubfin dolphins
form social groups of permanent long-term affiliates, similar to
the social structure exhibited by killer (Orcinus orca) and pilot
Form current as of November 2010
34
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
9. Give a brief description of the
species’ ecological role (for
example, is it a ‘keystone’ or
‘foundation’ species, does it play a
role in processes such as seed
dispersal or pollination).
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
whales (Globicephala sp.) (Parra 2005).
Given the lack of ecological and biological information available
for inshore dolphins globally, it is difficult to assess and quantify
the importance of their ecological role and the consequences of
anthropogenic impacts on populations and environment (Lawler
et al. 2007). However, as stated by Lawler et al “as large,
mobile marine vertebrates and apex predators, dolphins have the
potential to profoundly affect their prey populations, which may
in turn result in significant effects on food-web interactions (i.e.
35
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
trophic cascades), and ecosystem function and structure”. The
importance of apex/top predators regulating the food chain,
maintaining ecological complexity, and establishing ecosystem
resilience are also discussed by Rooney (2006) and Sala (2006).
Snubfin dolphins are an important component of, and reply upon,
coastal estuarine ecological communities. Coastal environments
are some of the most biologically productive and economically
important ecosystems in the world (Nias, 2009), and assist to
prevent damage to coastal regions from tropical storms and
Form current as of November 2010
36
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
tsunamis (UNEP-WCMC 2006). These coastal communities are
some of the most threatened habitats in Australia.
Australian Distribution
10. Describe the species’ current
and past distribution in the
Australian distribution and, if
available, attach maps noting the
source and the datasets used to
Form current as of November 2010
The following sections (10-15) provide justification for the
snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 2:
‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of
the species’ resulting from (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location; where although the species is
37
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
create these.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
relatively widely distributed around northern Australia,
subpopulations appear small and highly-localized to specific
habitats.
Current Distribution
Snubfin dolphins inhabit coastal, shallow waters of the tropical
and subtropical zones of Australia. They are found in small
(<100), localized subpopulations from Roebuck Bay, Western
Australia; north through the Northern Territory/Gulf of
Carpentaria and south east to the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay
Form current as of November 2010
38
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
region (Parra et al. 2002; Jacob 2009; Cagnazzi 2010).
Vagrant snubfin dolphin records are known from the Brisbane
River in 1994 (Paterson et al. 1998), Noosa Beach in 2007
(snubfin dolphin caught in a shark net: Cagnazzi 2010), and the
Dampier Archipelago, Exmouth Gulf, and Port Hedland Harbour
in 2010 (Simon Allen pers comm.).
Despite the snubfin dolphins relatively wide extent of occurrence
(see Appendix A), subpopulations of snubfin dolphins appear to
Form current as of November 2010
39
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
be rare in most areas, with known subpopulations appearing to
be small (<100), localized and discrete (Parra et al. 2006a,
Cagnazzi 2010).
Past Distribution
There is evidence from known catches in shark nets that snubfin
dolphins previously occurred around the Ellis beach region (i.e.
between Cairns and Port Douglas). Ross (2006) recounts that
‘eight Irrawaddy [snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark
protection nets in the period 1996-2001; seven of these were
Form current as of November 2010
40
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
from Ellis Beach, an event that seems likely to have depleted
most, if not all, of the local subpopulation’
11. What is the extent of
occurrence (in km2) for the
species (described in Attachment
A); explain how it was calculated
and provide information on data
sources.
a.
What is the current extent of
Form current as of November 2010
Snubfin dolphin current extent of occurrence is 93,070km2 (see
41
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
occurrence?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Appendix A), comprised of:
-- 38,400km2 for Queensland,
-- 33,050km2 for Northern Territory, and
-- 21,620km2 for Western Australia
Each polygon was calculated using Albers Equal Area
Projection. These values are based on current knowledge of
snubfin dolphin occurrence (see Section 20), and habitat
preferences (i.e. estuarine/mangrove regions) (Parra et al.
2006b).
Form current as of November 2010
42
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
b.
What data are there to indicate
past declines in extent of
occurrence (if available, include
data that indicates the
percentage decline over the
past 10 years or 3 generations
whichever is longer)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
There is anecdotal evidence that snubfin dolphins are less
common in the Great Barrier Reef region today than they were
previously, however, this is difficult to confirm without long-term
monitoring studies (GBRMPA 2007).
-- In the Townsville region between 1968-1976, 15 of 24
dolphins known to have been killed by anti-shark nets were
snubfin dolphins (Heinsohn 1979). Parra et al. (2002)
documented 41 snubfin dolphins currently housed as museum
specimens that were caught in shark nets between 1968 and
43
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
1990; this number is almost certainly an underestimate, because
another 55 unidentified ‘dolphins’ or ‘porpoises’ were caught in
nets during the same period, some of which were likely to be
snubfin dolphins. Ross (2006) recounts that ‘eight Irrawaddy
[snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark protection nets in the
period 1996-2001; seven of these were from Ellis Beach, an
event that seems likely to have depleted most or all of the local
population’.
-- Given the potential for local extinctions due to reproductive
biology; small population sizes; and reduced movement
44
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
patterns; the impacts of the historical mortality from shark
netting are likely to have caused past declines in snubfin dolphin
population size throughout the Queensland coast, wherever
shark nets were in use (Paterson 1990; Ross 2006). Although
evidence for potential local extinction is only available for Ellis
Beach, other areas along the Queensland coast may also have
experienced a complete loss of snubfin dolphins from the region
as a result of incidental catch in shark nets.
-- Gillnetting also began in the late 1960s (see Section 2).
Gillnets have a higher probability of interacting with snubfin
45
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins than shark nets, because gillnets are set in habitats that
snubfin dolphins frequently occur (i.e. inshore, riverine/estuary
environments near river and creek mouths), whereas shark nets
are set in open beaches. Based on the large known bycatch of
snubfin dolphins in shark nets, it can therefore be hypothesized
that significant numbers of snubfin dolphins were incidentally
caught (and many unreported) in the early gillnets fisheries. As
early as the late 1970s, concern was noted by Heinsohn (in Frost
1978, p.118) that Irrawaddy dolphins [snubfin dolphins] were
being caught incidentally in gillnet operations in northern
46
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
c. What data are there to indicate
future changes in extent of
occurrence (if available, include
data that indicates the
percentage decline over 10
years or 3 generations
whichever is longer (up to a
maximum of 100 years in the
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland.
Snubfin dolphin population estimates in localized areas are
alarmingly small (<100 individuals), with studied populations
showing high site fidelity and strong association patterns.
These factors indicate that snubfin dolphin populations are
particularly vulnerable to increasing anthropogenic activities (i.e.
gillnet catch and coastal development/habitat degradation)
47
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
future) where the time period is
a continuous period that may
include a component of the
past)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
resulting in future reduction of extent of occurrence, because
once extirpated locally they are unlikely to re-establish from
adjacent subpopulations.
12. What is the area of
occupancy (in km2) for the species
(described in Attachment A);
Form current as of November 2010
48
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
explain how it was calculated and
provide information on data sources
a.
What is the current area of
occupancy?
Snubfin dolphin current area of occupancy is 24,470km 2 (see
Appendix A), comprised of:
-- 7,010km2 for Queensland,
-- 11,560km2 for Northern Territory, and
-- 5,890km2 for Western Australia
Each polygon was calculated using Albers Equal Area
Projection. These values are based on current knowledge of
Form current as of November 2010
49
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
b.
What data are there to indicate
past declines in area of
occupancy (if available, include
data that indicates the
percentage decline over the
past 10 years or 3 generations
whichever is longer)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
where snubfin dolphins are ‘known to occur’, based on boat and
aerial surveys throughout snubfin dolphin extent of occurrence
(see Section 20).
A lack of baseline studies prior to major coastal development
and/or netting activities (including introduction of shark nets for
bather protection) along the northern Australian coastline
prohibits a quantitative assessment of past declines in snubfin
dolphin area of occupancy, however, anecdotal evidence exists
through the following:
50
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- the impacts of the historical mortality from shark netting are
likely to have caused a past decline in snubfin dolphin area of
occupancy in the Ellis Beach region (Paterson 1990; Ross 2006),
and potentially other unknown areas along the Queensland coast
where shark nets were operating.
-- there is also evidence (based on area of use, and comparisons
to shark netting data) that gillnetting may have also been
responsible for large-scale by-catch of snubfin dolphins.
51
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
c.
What data are there to indicate
future changes in area of
occupancy (if available, include
data that indicates the
percentage decline over 10
years or 3 generations
whichever is longer (up to a
maximum of 100 years in the
future) where the time period is
a continuous period that may
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As a result of continuing commercial and recreational gill-net
fisheries; shark nets and drumlines still in use for bather
protection along parts of the Queensland coast; and major
coastal development along the northern Australian coastline
(particularly port development and LNG developments - as
highlighted in Section 44), it is highly probable that there will be
future changes in the snubfin dolphins area of occupancy over
the next three generations.
52
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
include a component of the
past)?
13. How many natural locations
do you consider the species occurs
in and why? Where are these
located? Provide latitude, longitude,
map datum and location name,
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As a result of the snubfin dolphins strict habitat preferences, the
potential for future alterations to their habitat and prey as a
result of climate change is also a major consideration (Lawler et
al. 2007).
Survey data described in Section 20 indicates that snubfin
dolphins are found in small (<100 individuals), localized
subpopulations, with 'hotspots' of snubfin dolphin densities along
their extent of occurrence.
53
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
where available, in an attached
table.
The term 'location' defines a
geographically or ecologically distinct
area.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Known hotspots [natural locations] are shown in Appendix A, and
include:
Queensland
-- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region (excluding Shoalwater Bay)
(Cagnazzi 2010)
-- Repulse Bay (Cagnazzi 2010)
-- Cleveland Bay, Halifax Bay and Hinchinbrook (Parra 2005;
Parra et al. 2006ab)
-- Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounding areas (Parra et al.
54
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
2006b)
Northern Territory
-- Darwin Harbour (Palmer 2010)
-- Cobourg National Park (Palmer et al. 2008)
-- Alligator Creek (Palmer 2009)
-- Blue Mud Bay (Freeland and Bayliss 1989)
-- Sir Edward Pellew Island Group (Marsh 2010)
Western Australia (Thiele 2005; 2008; 2010)
Form current as of November 2010
55
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
14. Give locations of other
populations: captive/propagated
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Roebuck Bay
-- Ord River/Cambridge Gulf
-- Cape Londonderry
-- Port Nelson area
-- Prince Regent River
-- Deception Bay
-- King Sound/Buccaneer Archipelago
There are no snubfin dolphin:
-- captive/propagated populations,
56
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
populations; populations recently
re-introduced to the wild; and sites
for proposed population reintroductions. Note if these sites
have been identified in recovery
plans. Provide latitude, longitude,
map datum and location name,
where available, in an attached
table.
15. Is the species’ distribution
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- populations recently re-introduced into the wild,
-- or sites for proposed re-introductions
Yes
57
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
severely fragmented? What is the
cause of this fragmentation?
Describe any biological, geographic,
human-induced or other barriers
causing this species’ populations to
be fragmented.
Severely fragmented refers to the
situation in which increased extinction
risk to the taxon results from most
individuals being found in small and
relatively isolated subpopulations (in
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Current aerial and boat-based survey information on the
occurrence of snubfin dolphins (Section 20), in addition to known
habitat preferences (i.e. preference for shallow, turbid, estuarine
environments), indicates that the species’ distribution is severely
fragmented into small, localized populations (see Appendix A).
This fragmentation of subpopulations is likely an effect/a result
of small population sizes; high levels of site-fidelity; and
preference for shallow, coastal and estuarine areas close to river
mouths and creeks (Parra et al. 2006a;b).
58
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
certain circumstances this may be
inferred from habitat information).
These small subpopulations may go
extinct, with a reduced probability of
recolonisation.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Preliminary results of a three-year photo-identification study
(2006-2008) in the Fitzroy Basin Area, Queensland suggest a
genetically isolated population of <90 individuals in the region
(Cagnazzi 2010). A recent genetic study led by Dr. Guido Parra,
combining snubfin genetic samples from the Queensland coast
also indicate that the Fitzroy Basin snubfins are genetically and
geographically isolated from other snubfin populations (Guido
Parra pers comm. 21 February 2010).
59
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The apparent low migration rates of snubfin dolphins between
Northern and Southern Queensland (based on genetic studies)
suggest that these populations should be considered as separate
entities, and considered independently for further actions
towards their conservation and management (Guido Parra pers
comm. 21 February 2010).
Fragmentation of subpopulations is an important consideration
when assessing the long-term survival probability for snubfin
dolphins, particularly as snubfin dolphins are known to have high
Form current as of November 2010
60
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
site-fidelity (Parra et al. 2006a;b). In species with high dispersal
between fragments, the fragmentation may not be important.
However, depleted subpopulations that are not replenished from
adjacent subpopulations is a major source of vulnerability
(Caughley and Gunn 1996).
16. Departmental Use Only:
Form current as of November 2010
61
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Global Distribution
17. Describe the species’ global
distribution.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The following sections (17-19) provide justification for the
snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 2:
‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of
the species’ resulting from (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location; where at best, the worldwide
distribution of snubfin dolphins is northern Australia and some
parts of Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya; and at worst, snubfin
dolphins are endemic to northern Australia.
62
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Apart from northern Australia, only a single confirmed record for
the snubfin dolphin comes from Daru, Papua New Guinea
(Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005).
As a result of the single record known from Daru, it is suspected
that snubfin dolphins potentially occur in some areas of
southwestern Papua New Guinea (i.e. the Kikori Delta based on
records of Orcaella occurring in this area from Bonaccorso et al.
2000) and possibly adjacent southeastern Irian Jaya coastal
waters. No other records of snubfin dolphins from the Pacific
Form current as of November 2010
63
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Islands are known, despite numerous surveys (Miller 2007).
The paucity of information on Orcaella in the Pacific Islands,
despite numerous surveys, indicates that Orcaella numbers in
this region are extremely low. All other known records of
Orcaella from Indonesia and Asia have been confirmed as
Irrawaddy dolphins (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005).
18. Give an overview of the global
population’s size, trends, threats
Form current as of November 2010
If Orcaella from Papua New Guinea are confirmed as snubfin
dolphins, the global population would be small, and apart from
64
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
and security of the species outside
Australia.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Australia, only occur in Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya. No
estimates of abundance have been calculated for Orcaella
occurring in Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya.
Of importance to this category is an overview of the snubfin
dolphins’ closest relative, the Irrawaddy dolphin, which has
similar biological characteristics and habitat preferences to the
snubfin dolphin and also occurs in small localized populations
throughout Southeast Asia. The Irrawaddy dolphin is currently
classified as ‘Vulnerable’ by the IUCN, with five of the six known
Form current as of November 2010
65
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
subpopulations being listed as ‘Critically Endangered’.
As justification for listing Irrawaddy dolphins as ‘Vulnerable’ by
the IUCN, Reeves et al. (2008b) state ‘Where the species has
been studied: (1) subpopulation sizes are generally low (10s to
low 100s) with the single exception of Bangladesh
(approximately 5800), (2) there have been significant range
declines, and (3) threats, especially bycatch and habitat
degradation, have been well documented and remain severe and
pervasive. Even within the largest known population of the
Form current as of November 2010
66
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
species in Bangladesh (see above), opportunistic observations of
deaths in drifting gillnets and reports from local fishermen
suggest that bycatch rates are not sustainable (Smith et al.
2005).
At least a 30% reduction in the range-wide population size is
suspected over a period of three generations (45-48 years),
including the past and future, based on increasing levels of
bycatch and habitat degradation in recent years. Generation
length (15-16 years) was assumed to be similar to that of Sotalia
Form current as of November 2010
67
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
fluviatilis – a species that lives in similar habitat and has similar,
but better known, life history characteristics (Taylor et al. 2007
estimated generation length for S. fluviatilis as 15.6 years). The
species therefore qualifies as Vulnerable A4cd. Given the vast
area and complexity of coastline inhabited by this species, it is
unlikely that a more quantitative assessment of the global
population will be feasible in the near future’.
68
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
19. Explain the relationship
between the Australian population
and the global population,
including:
a.
What percentage of the global
population occurs in Australia;
In the event that Orcaella from Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya are
confirmed as Irrawaddy dolphins, 100% of the global population
of snubfin dolphins would occur in Australia.
In the event that Orcaella from Papua New Guinea/Irian Jaya are
Form current as of November 2010
69
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
b.
Is the Australian population
distinct, geographically
separate or does part or all of
the population move in/out of
Australia’s jurisdiction (give an
overview; details in Movements
section);
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
confirmed as snubfin dolphins, the percentage of the global
population that occurs in Australia would be significant, but is
currently unknown.
It appears that Orcaella from mainland Australia are
geographically isolated from Orcaella that occur in Papua New
Guinea/Irian Jaya. This is based upon: 1. a lack of Orcaella
sightings in the Torres Strait region of Australia, despite
extensive aerial and boat-based observations for dugong
between 1987 and 2011 (Parra et al. 2002; Marsh et al. 2003;
70
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Marsh et al. 2006); and 2. a lack of suitable mangrove/estuarine
habitat in the Australian Torres Strait region for Orcaella (i.e.
lack of estuarine and large river systems).
It is therefore highly likely that Australian populations of snubfin
dolphin remain in Australian waters, and do not move in/out of
Australia’s jurisdiction. This isolation has inevitably led to
adaptive differences so that the Australian populations may
represent a significant evolutionary component of the species
(Guido Parra pers comm. 21 February 2010).
Form current as of November 2010
71
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
c. Do global threats affect the
Australian population?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Global threats that affect the Australian snubfin dolphin
population are:
-- International shipping activity. In the Port Alma region of
Central Queensland a new coal terminal has just been proposed.
One of the main areas used by snubfin dolphins would be
dredged to enable container ships from all around the world to
enter the terminal (http://www.balaclavaislandcoal.com.au/).
-- Climate change and/or sea level rise. Climate change is a
potential over-arching threat to coastal dolphins and their
72
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
habitat, where likely impacts include: changes in prey availability
affecting snubfin dolphin distribution; abundance; migration
patterns; and susceptibility to disease and contaminants
(Learmonth et al. 2006; Lawler et al. 2007)
Surveys and Monitoring
20. Has the species been
Yes - An overview of surveys to date are provided below.
reasonably well surveyed?
Form current as of November 2010
73
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Provide an overview of surveys to date
and the likelihood of the species’ its
current known distribution and/or
population size being its actual
distribution and/or population size.
Include references documenting the
current known distribution and location
records and survey methodology where
available.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Importantly, while there are some ‘hotspots’ of snubfin dolphin
occurrence (i.e. Port Alma and Roebuck Bay), in many areas in
Australian waters where the distribution of snubfin and
humpback dolphins overlaps, there are fewer sightings of snubfin
dolphins (i.e. Darwin Harbour). Even in areas where the relative
abundance of snubfin dolphins is similar to humpback dolphins
(i.e. the Townsville-Cardwell region), sighting numbers are still
low, suggesting that snubfin dolphins are less common than
other coastal dolphins (Parra et al. 2002).
74
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Parra et al. (2002) also state that in some areas that appear to
be ‘good’ habitat (i.e. shallow, estuarine waters) for snubfin
dolphins and where survey intensity has been high, few or no
confirmed sightings of snubfin dolphins have been reported. As
an example, Cagnazzi (2010) only sighted one group of six
snubfin dolphins in Shoalwater Bay despite numerous surveys.
This information supports the impression that snubfin dolphins
tend to occur in small, localized populations.
Queensland
Form current as of November 2010
75
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Far Northern Queensland Coast: Princess Charlotte Bay and
surrounding areas (Parra et al. 2006b).
A total of 431.3 linear km was surveyed (37.8h or survey effort).
Seventeen groups of snubfin dolphins were sighted in Princess
Charlotte, Bathurst and Ninian Bays; most of the sightings
occurred around Bathurst Head in Princess Charlotte Bay. No
estimates of population size were possible due to the low
sighting rate (Parra et al. 2006b).
Northeast Queensland Coast
Form current as of November 2010
76
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Comprehensive boat-based studies were conducted by Dr. Guido
Parra (James Cook University) from 1999-2002 in Cleveland Bay
and surrounding areas (Parra 2005, Parra et al. 2006a;b).
Photo-identification studies indicated a population of fewer than
100 snubfin dolphins inhabited Cleveland Bay.
Capricorn coast (Fitzroy River to Shoalwater Bay)
Boat-based surveys and genetic studies were conducted by
Daniele Cagnazzi (Southern Cross University) from 2006-2008
along the Capricorn coast from the Fitzroy River north to
Shoalwater Bay (Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region). Estimates of
77
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
population size of dolphins with long-lasting marks from model
averaging across Mb, Mh and Mtb was Ň= 55 (Ň = 55.52, SE =
2.58, 95%CI = 50.45-60.59). The total population estimate
considering the proportion of marked individuals (θ = 0.75), was
N = 74 (N = 74.03, SE = 4.14, 95%CI = 65.91-82.09) (Cagnazzi
2010).
Northern Territory
Darwin Harbour, Cobourg and Alligator Rivers
--Boat and photo-identification surveys in have been conducted
Form current as of November 2010
78
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
in Darwin Harbour since 2008, where 31 individuals have been
observed (compared to 354 humpback dolphins and 252
bottlenose dolphins) (Palmer 2010). Ongoing work.
-- Boat and photo-identification surveys covering 1,300km of
transect in Port Essington (Cobourg Marine Park) since 2008 by
Carol Palmer, where 35 sightings were observed consisting of
126 individuals (compared to 44 sightings of humpback dolphins
(118 individuals), and 12 sightings of bottlenose dolphins (48
individuals) (Palmer et al. 2008). Ongoing work.
-- Boat and photo-identification surveys in Kakadu National Park
79
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
between March 2007 and April 2008, where 25 sightings were
observed consisting of 75 individuals (compared to 34 sightings
of humpback dolphins (114 individuals) and no bottlenose
sightings. Sightings of snubfin dolphins were observed 40km
upstream the South Alligator River (Palmer 2009).
Sir Edward Pellew Island Group - Gulf of Carpentaria
-- Boat-based surveys, photo-identification and biopsy studies
around the Sir Edward Pellew Island Group in collaboration with
the Lianthawirriyarra Sea Rangers. Two sightings of snubfin
Form current as of November 2010
80
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins were observed (compared to four sightings of humpback
dolphins and one sighting of bottlenose dolphins) (Marsh et al.
2010). Ongoing work.
No estimates of abundance are currently available for snubfin
populations around Darwin Harbour, or the Sir Edward Pellew
Island group of the Northern Territory.
Blue Mud Bay Region - Gulf of Carpentaria
Freeland and Bayliss (1989) conducted aerial surveys in the Gulf
Form current as of November 2010
81
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
of Carpentaria, estimating around 1,000 individuals at the
surface (maximum estimate = 1,227; CV=25%). The scientific
credibility of this estimate has been challenged because the
population estimates were extrapolated from very few sightings
and the difficulty in distinguishing species from aerial surveys in
turbid waters (particularly dugong ca. snubfin dolphin).
Western Australia
North-eastern Kimberley Coast and Roebuck Bay
-- Preliminary broad-scale surveys of the north-eastern
Form current as of November 2010
82
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Kimberley coast were conducted by Deb Thiele in 2004 and
2006, recording 15 groups of snubfin dolphins, with a total of 88
individuals (Thiele 2005). Ongoing work.
-- Prince Regent River, Buccaneer Archipelago – Opportunistic
surveys of Prince Regent River, Buccaneer Archipelago, Camden
Sound between 2007 and 2008; followed by fine-scale studies in
Buccaneer Archipelago, Napier Broome Bay region, Dampier
Peninsula and Deception Bay in collaboration with Indigenous
rangers in April to June 2010 (Thiele 2008; 2010; WWF 2010).
Ongoing work.
83
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Roebuck Bay – Limited population assessment, habitat
mapping and photo-identification surveys in 2007; followed by
intensive studies in association with Indigenous Rangers in May
2009-September 2009. In Roebuck Bay, 161 snubfin dolphins
have been individually identified (WWF 2010), indicating that this
area is an important ‘hotspot; for snubfin dolphins. Ongoing
work.
-- Coral Bay and Exmouth to Broome and One Arm Point
(northern Gascoyne and Pilbara to western Kimberley coast)
Research Fellow Simon Allen (Murdoch University) conducted
84
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
boat-based biopsy sample collection and photo-identification
surveys of tropical inshore delphinids from April through July
2010. This field effort was conducted along ca. 1500 km of the
northern West Australian coastline from Coral Bay in the southwest to One Arm Point in the Northeast. Snubfin dolphins were
sighted in the Dampier Archipelago, Roebuck Bay, and north
along Cable Beach. Also, anecdotal reports of several snubfin
dolphin groups around the North West Cape (near Tantabiddy
and within Exmouth Gulf) have been provided by Murdoch
University Ph.D candidate (Mark Langdon) and Curt Jenner of the
85
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
21. For species nominated as
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Centre for Whale Research. Furthermore, Harriet Davie of the
Port Hedland Port Authority provides sightings forms including
snubfin dolphins from Port Hedland Harbour. Although these
reports remain unconfirmed, they have been submitted by
observers considered reliable in cetacean species identification
(Simon Allen pers comm. 21 Feb 2010). Ongoing work.
NA
extinct or extinct in the wild, please
provide details of the most recent
Form current as of November 2010
86
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
known collection, or authenticated
sighting of the species, and
whether additional populations are
likely to exist and the basis for this
assertion. Provide latitude,
longitude, map datum and location
name, where available.
22. Is there an ongoing
monitoring programme? If so,
please describe the extent and
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Yes
Outside Australia
-- Kikori Delta Region, Papua New Guinea – Assessing the
87
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
length of the programme.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
taxonomic status of Orcaella in Papua New Guinea through
AMMC Project 2010/11: Informing the conservation status of the
Australian snubfin dolphin by assessing its distribution and
abundance in adjacent waters (Dr. Isabel Beasley and Vagi Rei).
Fieldwork to be conducted in June/July 2011.
Nationally
-- Population genetics and phylogeography of Australian snubfin
and humpback dolphins: defining appropriate management units
for conservation-Stage 1 (Dr. Guido Parra, Dr. Michael Krutzen,
Form current as of November 2010
88
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Dr. Celine Frere and Dr. Jennifer Seddon). Fieldwork and data
analysis ongoing.
Queensland
-- Modeling habitat suitability of Australian snubfin and Indopacific humpback dolphins along the east coast of Queensland
(Dr. Guido Parra, Prof Helene Marsh, and Daniele Cagnazzi).
Data analysis on-going.
-- Investigating contaminant levels in Queensland coastal
dolphins through AMMC Project 2010/13: Anthropogenic
contaminants in Queensland’s coastal dolphins: levels and
89
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
toxicological effects (Daniele Cagnazzi, A/Prof Maria Cristina
Fossi, Dr Marsili Letizia and Prof Peter Harrison). Ongoing
throughout 2011.
-- Continuation of the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region photoidentification project (Daniele Cagnazzi). Five years of data
collection already and on-going.
Northern Territory
-- Darwin Harbour - Darwin Harbour Coastal Dolphin Project
conducted by Carol Palmer through the Northern territory
Department of Natural resources, Environment and the Arts
90
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(NRETAS). Began in 2008 and expected to continue through at
least 2011.
-- Cobourg Marine Park – Monitoring and assessment of inshore
dolphins in Cobourg Marine Park (Garig Gunak Barlu National
Park). Project no. 2007/134 (Conservation Assessment of Priority
Non-Fish Marine Threatened Species in the Northern Territory).
Ongoing in 2011.
-- Bynoe Harbour – Photo-identification and biopsy (Carol
Palmer)
-- West Alligator and Wildman River, Kakadu – Photo-
91
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
identification and biopsy (Carol Palmer)
-- Sir Edward Pellew Island Group, Gulf of Carpentaria Developing a decision-process based on expert knowledge to
inform the management of dugongs and coastal dolphins in
Northern Australia: the Yanyuwa sea country in the Northern
Territory as a case study (Prof. Helene Marsh, Dr. Alana Grech,
Dr. John Bradley, Dr. Guido Parra and Dr. Scott Whiting). Phase I
completed in November 2009, with Phase II to be conducted in
June/July 2011 (line-transect surveys, photo-identification and
biopsy). The surveys were informed by information from
92
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
traditional Owners and the methodology potentially has wider
application in other remote parts of the range. The expert
knowledge indicated that the dolphins used the area widely; the
transect survey indicated that the population size was very
small.
-- Blue Mud Bay and other select locations in the Gulf of
Carpentaria
Isabel Beasley has submitted a post-doctoral proposal to AMMC
to investigate the status of inshore cetaceans within the Gulf of
Carpentaria. This project will involve spatial modeling to
93
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
determine potentially important areas within the Gulf, followed
by boat-based surveys, photo-identification, and
collaborations/discussions with Traditional Owners/Ranger
groups following Marsh et al. (2010) in at least three select areas
within the Gulf. Dependent on funding.
Western Australia
-- Roebuck Bay – Population studies, habitat mapping and photoidentification surveys in Roebuck Bay (Deb Thiele, Yawuru
Rangers, WA DEC, WWF). Community sighting network
Form current as of November 2010
94
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
commenced 2007. Data analysis on-going.
-- Northern Kimberley – Fine scale line transect surveys for
population assessment and identification of key habitat for
coastal dolphins and environmental (water quality) parameter
measures to identify prey habitat in a number of locations with
rangers and Traditional owners (Deb Thiele, Environs Kimberley,
Coastwest)
-- Kimberley – historical investigation of the estuarine
barramundi fishery
-- Coral Bay and Exmouth to Broome and One Arm Point
95
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(northern Gascoyne and Pilbara to western Kimberley coast)Occurrence and genetic data opportunistically collected on
snubfin and humpback dolphins (Simon Allen, Murdoch
University), through AMMC Project 2009/19: Genetic structure
and abundance of fishery-impacted dolphin populations of the
Pilbara region, North-Western Australia.
-- Simon Allen has recently applied (with co-investigators Bejder,
Pollock, Frere, Smith and Parra) to AMMC for funding to conduct
comprehensive photo-identification surveys for all three tropical
delphinids in seven locations across the Pilbara. Dependent on
96
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
funding.
Life Cycle and Population
23. What is the species’ total
population size in terms of number
of mature individuals? How were
population estimates derived and
are they reliable? Are there other
useful measures of population size
Form current as of November 2010
No overall population estimate has been made for snubfin
dolphins inhabiting Australian waters, therefore the species total
population size in terms of number of mature individuals remains
unknown. However, the IUCN concluded that ‘although the
species has been surveyed in only two areas (Cleveland Bay and
Gulf of Carpentaria) which, together, comprise less than 20% of
97
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
and what are they?
In the absence of figures, terms such as
common, abundant, scarce can be of value.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
the species range, the results of those surveys, as well as
preliminary results from a reconnaissance survey of a portion of
the Kimberley coast in 2006, indicate that the number of mature
individuals is well below 10,000. It is assumed that the surveyed
areas are broadly representative of the species’ density across its
range’ (Reeves et al. 2008a). More recent surveys (as detailed
in Section 20) have obtained similar conclusions to those
obtained from Cleveland Bay, indicating that Reeves et al. 2008a
assumption of representative densities is valid.
98
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Cagnazzi (2010) provided information on population size of adult
individuals along the Capricorn coast, where he estimated the
population size of mature individuals (Nma) was 66, by adjusting
the marked population size with the proportion of adult marked
individuals (θma = 0.84, Nma = 66.1, SE = 3.44, 95%CI = 59.3572.79).
If this trend of very low adult numbers (n=66) is
replicated throughout the current snubfin dolphin area of
occupancy (i.e. 24,466km2, separated into approximately
Form current as of November 2010
99
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
24. Does the species occur in a
number of smaller populations?
How many? For each population
give the locality, numbers and
trends in numbers and tenure of
land (include extinct populations).
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
12 known subpopulations: Appendix A), the total
population size in terms of number of mature individuals
could be as low as 792 individuals.
Yes
Currently two snubfin dolphin subpopulations have been
confirmed based on surveys and genetic studies.
Ongoing genetic studies indicate snubfin dolphin populations
along the urban coast of Queensland are genetically
100
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Can these be considered to be
subpopulations and why?
Subpopulations are defined as
geographically or otherwise distinct groups in
the population between which there is little
demographic or genetic exchange.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
differentiated into at least two distinct genetic clusters: Northern
(<total size unknown) and Southern Queensland (<100
individuals). The low migration rates of dolphins between these
major areas suggest that these subpopulations of snubfin
dolphins from these areas should be considered as separate
entities and considered independently for further actions towards
their conservation and management (Guido Parra pers comm. 21
February 2010).
As a result of the known current distribution of snubfin dolphins
Form current as of November 2010
101
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
around northern Australia (Appendix A), it is likely that similar
subpopulations separations will become evident with future
studies (i.e. Darwin and Gulf of Carpentaria subpopulations).
102
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
25. Provide details on ages of the
following:
a. sexual maturity;
b.
life expectancy;
c.
natural mortality.
Form current as of November 2010
Age of first reproduction has been recorded as nine years for
snubfin dolphins (Taylor et al. 2007).
Based on tooth aging, the oldest known Australian snubfin
dolphin was 28 years old (Marsh et al. 1989); however based on
studies of other small cetaceans it is likely that life expectancy is
at least 30-40 years (Taylor et al. 2007).
Cetaceans are categorized as having low adult mortality and
103
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
fecundity, but high infant mortality (Whitehead and Mann 2000),
with reports of up to 44% of calves dying before weaning (Mann
et al. 2000). No causes of natural mortality for snubfin dolphins
are published, but individuals bearing shark bites have been
observed off the east coast of Queensland (Parra pers. obs. in
Ross 2006).
Potential harassment from Sousa may cause natural mortality in
snubfin dolphin newborns and calves (see Section 46 –
Interspecific aggression) (Parra 2005).
Form current as of November 2010
104
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
26. Reproduction
For plants: When does the species
flower and set fruit? What
conditions are needed for this?
What is the pollinating mechanism?
If the species is capable of
vegetative reproduction, a
description of how this occurs, the
conditions needed and when. Does
the species require a disturbance
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
NA
105
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
regime (e.g. fire, cleared ground) in
order to reproduce?
For animals: provide overview of
breeding system and of breeding
success, including: when does it
breed; what conditions are needed
for breeding; are there any
breeding behaviours that may make
it vulnerable to a threatening
process?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
There is minimal information on snubfin dolphin breeding
locations and timings.
--Cleveland Bay - Snubfin dolphins have been observed
socialising year round in Cleveland Bay, suggesting that they
may mate year-round (Parra 2005). Additionally, calves are
seen year round in Cleveland Bay, indicating that this species
may not have a particular calving period (Parra 2005).
-- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region – Snubfin dolphins have also
106
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
27. What is the population trend
for the entire species?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
been observed socializing year round, with calves also observed
year round (Cagnazzi 2010).
--Roebuck Bay – as for Cleveland Bay (Thiele 2010).
The following sections (27) provide justification for the snubfin
dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on Criterion 1 of:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over
the last three generations, where the reduction or its
causes have not ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline
in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of
Form current as of November 2010
107
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
exploitation, and
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be
met within the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based
on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential
levels of exploitation.
Even with relatively unbiased and precise abundance estimates,
population trends for coastal cetaceans will be extremely difficult
to detect with the space of a few years, unless decreases in
Form current as of November 2010
108
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
population size are high (>20%pa); when populations could have
decreased to very low levels (Parra et al. 2006a).
Parra et al. (2006a) therefore concluded that ‘low population
numbers and an inability to detect trends reinforce the assertions
that scientific proof of decline or increase should not be a
necessary criterion for enacting conservation measures (Taylor
and Gerrodette 1993; Wilson et al. 1999; Thompson et al.
2000)’.
Form current as of November 2010
109
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
a.
What data are there to indicate
past decline in size (if
available, include data on rate
of decline over past 10 years or
3 generations whichever is
longer)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As a result of limited baseline data, there is no quantitative
information to indicate past decline in population size.
However, substantial declines in snubfin numbers through direct
catch have been documented in association with anti-shark nets
set to protect bathers (Paterson 1990). In the Townsville region
between 1968-1976, 15 of 24 dolphins known to have been
killed by anti-shark nets were snubfin dolphins (Heinsohn 1979).
Parra et al. (2002) documented 41 snubfin dolphins currently
housed as museum specimens, that were caught in shark nets
110
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
between 1968 and 1990; this number is almost certainly an
underestimate, for another 55 unidentified ‘dolphins’ or
‘porpoises’ were caught in nets in the same period, some of
which were likely to be snubfin dolphins. Ross (2006) recounts
that ‘eight Irrawaddy [snubfins] drowned in Queensland shark
protection nets in the period 1996-2001; seven of these were
from Ellis Beach, an event that seems likely to have depleted
most or all of the local population’. Given the potential for local
extinctions due to reproductive biology, small population sizes,
and reduced movement patterns, the impacts of the historical
111
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
mortality from shark netting are likely to have caused a past
decline in snubfin dolphin population size along the Queensland
coast.
The Australian gillnet fishery began at approximately the same
time that shark nets began to be used (see Section 2 for
examples of this fishery), with significant amounts of marine
mammal bycatch being recorded (unknown numbers also
unreported). As an example, in the early 1980s, observer
programs for the northern drift net fishery reported 14,000
Form current as of November 2010
112
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins killed in this fishery before it was closed (Harwood and
Hembree 1987; Harwood et al. 1984). There are examples of
unsustainably high cetacean by-catch rates wherever cetacean
distribution and gillnet fisheries overlap (see Perrin et al 1994;
Jefferson and Curry 1994; references in Reeves et al. 2003
‘Incidental mortality in fisheries – p14). Marsh (2000) has
comprehensively evaluated the mortality of dugongs associated
with gillnets in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,
where there are indications that the numbers of dugongs have
declined significantly along parts of the east coast of
113
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland. Using 1990s aerial survey estimates of dugong
abundance, and an estimate of the decline in dugong
numbers since the 1960s based on changes in the catch per unit
effort of dugong bycatch in the Queensland Shark Control
Program, Marsh et al. (2005) estimated that the area supported
72 000 dugongs in the early 1960s , compared with an estimated
4220 dugongs in the mid-1990s. Snubfin dolphins occur in
similar inshore habitats to dugong, and the results of Marsh
(2000) and Marsh et al. (2005) are therefore comparable to
potential snubfin dolphin declines.
114
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Marsh et al. (2005) stated that their ‘case study indicates that
comparisons between historical and contemporary estimates of
the abundance of large marine vertebrates can be powerful
qualitative triggers for conservation action, but that quantitative
targets for recovery require systematic testing of the
assumptions underlying hindcast estimates, scientific evaluation
of the current carrying capacity of the ecosystem for the target
species, and consultation with a broad range of stakeholders. For
some species, it may be more productive to set anthropogenic
Form current as of November 2010
115
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
mortality targets that are designed to enable the population to
recover to its optimum sustainable population than to set
recovery targets per se’. Similar estimates of snubfin dolphin
population decline are hindered by inappropriate reporting of
generic ‘dolphins’ being captured in the Shark Control Program
(i.e. not separation of dolphins into species). However, this
nominations calculation of the Mortality Limit [anthropogenic
mortality targets] as described in Section 2 indicates that snubfin
dolphin subpopulations are now so small that the allowable
anthropogenic mortality is <1 dolphin per subpopulation/year.
116
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
b. What data are there to indicate
future changes in size (if
available, include data which
will indicate the percentage of
decline over 10 years or 3
generations whichever in longer
(up to a maximum of 100 years
in the future) where the time
period is a continuous period
that may include a component
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Continuing threats (see Section 44) indicate snubfin dolphin
population size will decline over the next three generations.
117
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
of the past)?
28. Does the species undergo
extreme natural fluctuations in
population numbers, extent of
occurrence or area of occupancy?
To what extent and why?
As a result of snubfin dolphins close association patterns, highlevel of site-fidelity, and strong habitat preferences (Parra 2005;
Parra et al. 2006a;b) the species’ does not appear to undergo
extreme natural fluctuations in population numbers, extent of
occurrence, or area of occupancy.
Extreme fluctuations can be said to occur
in a number of taxa when population size or
distribution area varies widely, rapidly and
frequently, typically with a variation greater
than one order of magnitude (i.e. a tenfold
increase or decrease).
Form current as of November 2010
118
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
29. What is the generation
length and how it is calculated?
Generation length is the average age of
parents of the current cohort (i.e. newborn
individuals in the population). Generation length
therefore reflects the turnover rate of breeding
individuals in a population. Generation length is
greater than the age at first breeding and less
than the age of the oldest breeding individual,
except in taxa that breed only once. Where
generation length varies under threat, the more
natural, i.e. pre-disturbance, generation length
should be used.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Approximately 15.6 years
‘Age at first reproduction’ was recorded as 9 years old, and
‘oldest age of a reproducing female’ was recorded as 28 years
(Taylor et al. 2007).
Given these parameters, comparisons can be made to Sotalia
fluviatilis; also considered a facultative river dolphin (i.e. inhabits
riverine and coastal habitats), which has an ‘age at first
reproduction’ of 8, ‘oldest age of a reproducing female’ of 30,
and an ‘interbirth interval’ of 2.5 (Taylor et al. 2007). The
119
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
generation length of Sotalia fluviatilis under pre-disturbance
conditions with an assumed stable population is 15.6 years
(Taylor et al. 2007).
120
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
30. Identify important
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
populations necessary for the
species’ long-term survival and
recovery? This may include: key
Two of the most important subpopulations necessary for the
species long-term survival are:
-- Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region, and
-- Roebuck Bay.
breeding populations, those near the
edge of the species’ range or those
needed to maintain genetic diversity.
These two populations are near the southerly edge of the species
range on the east and west coasts of Australia respectively.
Other important known subpopulations are:
Form current as of November 2010
121
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland
-- Repulse Bay north to Hinchinbrook (including Cleveland Bay)
-- Princess Charlotte Bay and surrounding areas
Northern Territory
-- Cobourg Peninsula
-- Darwin Harbour
-- Blue Mud Bay/Sir Edward Pellew Island Group
Western Australia
Form current as of November 2010
122
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
31. Describe any cross-breeding
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- King Sound/Buccaneer Archipelago
No cross-breeding is known.
with other species in the wild,
indicating how frequently and where
this occurs.
32. Departmental Use only:
Form current as of November 2010
123
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Populations In Reserve
33. Which populations are in
reserve systems? Which of these
are actively managed for this
species? Give details.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Nationally
Snubfin dolphins (and all cetaceans) are protected within the
Australian Whale Sanctuary under the EPBC Act. The Sanctuary
includes all Commonwealth waters from the 3 nautical mile (nm)
state waters limit out to the boundary of the Exclusive Economic
Zone (i.e. out to 200 nm and further in some places). Within the
Sanctuary it is an offence to kill, injure or interfere with a
cetacean. Penalties apply to anyone convicted of such offences
(DSEWCP 2011a).
124
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland
Within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, snubfin dolphins (and
all cetaceans) are listed as ‘protected species’ under Regulation
29 of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Regulations 1983. The
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) has an
Operational Policy on Whale and Dolphin Conservation (GBRMPA
2007), and considers the snubfin dolphins as a ‘priority species’.
The GBRMPA also actively manages the Dugong (Dugong dugon),
through Dugong Protection Areas, which also assists to manage
Form current as of November 2010
125
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
other inshore dolphins.
Broad recovery actions for the snubfin dolphin have been
identified by the Department of Environment Resource and
Management (DERM 2011a). There is a Queensland marine
wildlife stranding and mortality database (StrandNet) that
records sick, injured or mortality of cetaceans (including snubfin
dolphins) and where possible determines cause of death (DERM
2011b)
Form current as of November 2010
126
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Western Australia
Snubfin dolphins would occur in a proposed marine park at
Camden Sound (DEC 2010). However, the proposed marine
park would not actively manage snubfin dolphins.
No other areas along the entire northern Australian coastline
actively manage snubfin dolphins.
Form current as of November 2010
127
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Habitat
34. Describe the species’ habitat
(e.g. aspect, topography, substrate,
climate, forest type, associated
species, sympatric species). If the
species uses different habitats for
different activities (e.g. breeding,
feeding, roosting, dispersing,
basking), then describe each
habitat.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Aerial and boat-based surveys indicate that snubfin dolphins
occur in coastal (<10 km) and estuarine waters that are less
than 15m deep, turbid and close to river and creek mouths,
often within the proximity of seagrass beds (Parra and Corkeron
2001; Parra et al. 2002; Parra et al. 2006b; Robertson and
Arnold 2009).
Queensland
-- In Cleveland Bay, snubfin dolphins were found to prefer
waters that were less than two metres in depth, particularly
128
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
those close to river mouths and where seagrass was present.
Occurrence in dredged channels or waters that were between
five and ten metres was low. A high level of foraging activity
observed in the bay indicated that the bay was likely to be an
important feeding ground (Parra et al. 2002; Parra et al. 2006b).
-- In the Southern Great Barrier Reef region, the habitat
preference tests for snubfin dolphins suggest that intertidal
habitats and deeper waters categories 0-2m and >15m were
used less frequently than what was expected by chance
(P<0.001), whereas shallow interior and shallow subtidal
129
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
habitats 2-5m and 5-10 were used significantly more frequently
than what was expected under a random distribution (P<0.01).
The deeper water category 1(10-15 m) was used in accordance
to its availability (P > 0.05) (Cagnazzi 2010).
Northern Territory
-- In Darwin Harbour, snubfin dolphins are typically found in
waters 3-20m deep (Palmer 2010).
Western Australia
-- Along the Kimberley Coast, snubfin dolphins favour areas near
mangrove ecosystems. Their distribution appears to correlate
130
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
35. Does the species use refuge
habitat, e.g. in times of fire,
drought or flood? Describe this
habitat.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
strongly with the occurrence of estuarine systems with a mixture
of habitats (e.g. mangrove stands, tidal creeks/rivers, rocky reef,
salt marsh, seagrass, corals) as these appear to provide for
greater biodiversity (Thiele 2008; 2010).
Fury and Harrison (2010) found that bottlenose dolphins
abandon estuaries at times of lower salinity and during periods of
higher turbidity and lower levels of pH and dissolved oxygen,
which are associated with floods.
131
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
36. Is the extent or quality of the
species’ habitat in decline? If the
species uses different habitats,
specify which of these are in
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Although there is limited information available on snubfin dolphin
use of refuge habitat during times of flood, snubfin dolphins in
the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay region were observed to move near
Keppel Island (approx. 4km offshore from Yeppoon), during high
floods (Daniele Cagnazzi pers comm.).
Yes
As described by Parra et al. (2006b), snubfin dolphin prefer
waters <5km from land, no more than 20km from the nearest
river mouth, and waters <15m deep. These areas are often
132
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
decline.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
associated with estuarine/mangrove habitats, and are often
targeted by coastal developments and modifications (see Section
2).
Section 2 (Threats and Threat Abatement) provides justification
for the snubfin dolphins ‘Threatened’ status based on:
Criterion 1:
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be
met within the next three generations’, based on (c) a
decline in quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of
Form current as of November 2010
133
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
37. Is the species part of, or does
it rely on, a listed threatened
ecological community? Is it
associated with any other listed
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
exploitation, and
Criterion 2:
‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival of
the species’ resulting from b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Yes
Although snubfin dolphins do not rely on a listed threatened
ecological community, they may be associated with the following
listed threatened species:
134
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
threatened species?
Marine turtles
-- Green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
-- Flatback turtle (Natator depressus)
-- Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta)
-- Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
-- Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
-- Hawksbill turtle (Eretomochelys imbricata)
Green Sawfish (Pristis zijsron)
Form current as of November 2010
135
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Feeding
38. Summarize the species’ food
items or sources and
timing/seasonality.
Form current as of November 2010
Snubfin dolphins are characterized as opportunistic generalist
feeders, preying upon bottom-dwelling and pelagic fish and
cephalopods associated with coastal and estuarine waters (Parra
and Jendensjö 2009). Snubfin dolphin prey includes fish of the
families Engraulidae, Clupeidae, Chirocentridae, Anguillidae,
Hemirhampidae, Leiognathidae, Apogonidae, Pomadasydae,
Terapontidae and Sillaginidae (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al.
1989; Parra and Jendensjö 2009). Recent analysis of snubfin
136
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
39. Briefly describe the species’
feeding behaviours, including
those that may make the species
vulnerable to a threatening process.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphin stomach contents identified cardinal fish (Apogon sp.),
cuttlefish (Sepia sp.), the squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo sp.) and
the toothpony fish (Gazza sp.). These species are typically
associated with shallow coastal waters and estuaries in tropical
regions (Parra et al. 2002).
As outlined above (Section 34), snubfin dolphins prefer shallow,
coastal (<10km) and estuarine waters that are close to river and
creek mouths. These preferred foraging areas overlap
considerably with gill-net recreational fishing and boating areas,
137
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
which increases the probability for incidental capture in fishing
gear, as well as increasing the potential for boat-strike (WWF
2010).
Movement Patterns (fauna species only)
40. Describe any relevant daily
and seasonal pattern of
movement for the species, or
other irregular patterns of
Form current as of November 2010
-- The information available for Cleveland Bay indicates that
snubfin dolphins are not permanent residents in the Bay, but use
the area regularly from year to year following a model of
emigration and re-immigration. Individuals spend periods of days
138
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
movement, including relevant
arrival/departure dates if migratory.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
to a month or more in coastal waters of Cleveland Bay before
leaving, and periods of over a month outside the study area
before re-entering the Bay again. These movements are possibly
due to changes in prey availability and/or predation risk (Parra
2005).
-- Seasonal movements by large groups have also been noted
along the Kimberley coast, and are thought to be driven by social
needs and/or seasonal abundance of prey, especially the
migration of larval and juvenile fish and crustacean in response
to seasonal input of freshwater flows at particular times of the
139
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
year (Thiele 2010).
-- Recurring sightings of the same individuals in the Darwin
Harbour/Shoal Bay area and Cobourg, Northern Territory,
indicate some form of residency (resident or semi-resident) of
this species (Palmer 2010).
-- Residency in Roebuck Bay, Western Australia is currently
being investigated by Deb Thiele.
140
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
41. Give details of the species’
home ranges/territories.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Parra (2006c) identified that snubfin dolphins has a
representative range of 197km2, with two core areas of 16 and
27km2 at the population level, demonstrating that snubfin
dolphins live in small, geographically isolated populations.
Survey Guidelines
42. Give details of the
distinctiveness and detectability
Form current as of November 2010
Snubfin dolphins are difficult to detect due to their inconspicuous
behaviour, unpredictable surfacing patterns, low surfacing
141
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
of the species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
profile, their tendency to live in turbid coastal waters, and their
occurrence in relatively small groups. Typical surfacing
characteristics when animals are traveling are short dives of 30–
60 seconds, increasing to five-ten minutes when animals are
foraging (Isabel Beasley pers comm.).
Once detected, the snubfin dolphin is relatively easy to identify
by their distinctive bulbous head with no beak and the presence
of a very small dorsal fin (Shirihai and Jarrett 2006). At a
distance, the snubfin dolphin could be confused with the dugong,
Form current as of November 2010
142
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
43. Describe methods for
detecting species including when
to conduct surveys (e.g. season,
time of day, weather conditions);
length, intensity and pattern of
search effort; and limitations and
expert acceptance; recommended
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
however, the presence of a dorsal fin would confirm that the
sighting is a snubfin dolphin.
Surveys for snubfin dolphins have been conducted using:
-- boat-based line transects
-- photo-identification, and
-- aerial surveys (Freeland and Bayliss 1989; Parra and Corkeron
2001; Parra et al. 2002; Parra 2006a;b). Methods used for the
respective surveys have been described by the authors.
143
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
methods; survey-effort guide.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
For snubfin dolphins, the water clarity and the inconspicuous
behaviour of the animals are major constraints on the suitability
of aerial survey techniques. Boat-based surveys for snubfin
dolphins are therefore recommended.
As with all cetacean research, surveys are constrained by:
-- weather (e.g. heavy rain prohibits surveys)
-- sea-state (e.g. surveys should be conducted in <Beaufort 3)
-- number of observers available (more observers are often
better than fewer observers)
Form current as of November 2010
144
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- area to be covered
-- aim of the survey (abundance estimate versus ecological
studies)
-- and the type of craft used for the survey.
Appropriate surveys methods for small cetaceans, including
snubfin dolphins, are described in detail in Aragones et al. (1997)
and Dawson et al. (2008)
Form current as of November 2010
145
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Section 2 - Threats and Threat Abatement
Threats
44. Identify past, current and
future threats, to the species
indicating whether they are actual
or potential. For each threat,
describe:
Form current as of November 2010
Whilst much of snubfin dolphin reproductive biology is unknown,
the biological information from their close relative, the Irrawaddy
dolphin, suggests that snubfin dolphins are a long-lived species
with slow reproduction and relative population stability. These
factors make snubfin dolphins particularly vulnerable to
threatening processes.
146
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Before discussing past, current and future threats (below), it is
first essential to understand snubfin dolphins Mortality Limit
[Potential Biological Removal] (see Appendix A).
To investigate the allowable human-caused mortality for marine
mammal populations in the US (under the US Marine Mammal
Protection Act), a mortality limit (termed the Potential Biological
Removal – PBR) was developed (Wade 1998). As stated by
Wade (1998), the PBR is:
‘the maximum number of animals, not including natural
Form current as of November 2010
147
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
mortalities, that may be removed from a marine mammal stock
while allowing that stock to reach or maintain its optimum
sustainable population’.
To obtain reliable a reliable mortality limit (ML), robust estimates
of abundance are required to calculate NMIN, which is then
incorporated into a formula developed by Wade (1998) and
described in Appendix B.
Reliable estimates of abundance are available for snubfin dolphin
Form current as of November 2010
148
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
populations in Cleveland Bay and the Fitzroy River-Keppel Bay
Region. Estimates of total population size for these populations
are both <100 individuals; being 67 (95%CI=51-88, CV=0.14)
and 74 (95%CI=66-82, CV=0.06) individuals respectively.
The mortality limit for both subpopulations are as follows:
Area
Cleveland Bay
Form current as of November 2010
NMIN
65.7
FR
0.1
0.5
ML (dolphins/year)
0.1
0.7
149
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
1.0
1.3
Keppel Bay
70.3
0.1
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.7
1.4
NMIN: minimum population size (lower 20th percentile of a log-normal distribution)
FR: 0.1=Endangered Population / 0.5=Default/Stable Population / 1.0=Non
Concern Population (see Appendix B for further explanation of terms)
In summary, for both subpopulations the maximum number of
Form current as of November 2010
150
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins that can be removed via anthropogenic mortality is 1
dolphin per subpopulation/year (based on a FR for a ‘non concern
population’), and <1 dolphin per subpopulation/year if the
subpopulations are considered ‘default’ or ‘endangered’ (which is
more realistic). Relevant calculations of ML [PBR] are provided
in Appendix B.
When assessing past, current and future threats to snubfin
dolphin populations it is therefore important to consider that the
loss of <1 snubfin dolphin per subpopulation/year to
Form current as of November 2010
151
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
anthropogenic mortality is unsustainable.
Past, current and future threats include:
-- Habitat loss and degradation (actual)
-- Disturbance and displacement by vessel activity (actual)
-- Disturbance and displacement by underwater noise (actual)
-- Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control Program
(actual)
-- Recreational and commercial net fishery (actual)
-- Catchment runoff (potential)
Form current as of November 2010
152
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
a.
how and where it impacts on
this species;
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Depletion of food resources through recreational and
commercial fishing and habitat degradation (potential)
-- Climate Change (potential)
Habitat loss and degradation
Coastal development is often associated with activities such as
construction, land reclamation, dredging, seismic surveys,
drilling, blasting, increased commercial shipping, resource
extraction, tourism, and recreational activities. Often many of
these activities are likely to result in local-scale change in the
153
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
composition, structure and function of the coastal estuarine
habitat and increase the potential for a wide range of threats
including:
-- direct removal of habitat (seagrass, mangroves)
-- physical disturbance
-- sedimentation
-- increased vessel traffic
-- noise and chemical pollution
It is the cumulative effect of all threats that is particular cause
Form current as of November 2010
154
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
for concern. As populations of snubfin dolphins are small and
localized, they are particularly susceptible to habitat degradation
and displacement from coastal activities (Corkeron et al. 1997;
Ross 2006; Parra et al. 2006a).
Although the long-term impacts of habitat loss and degradation
on coastal cetaceans in Australia are largely unknown, globally,
habitat loss and degradation due to coastal development has
significantly affected many riverine and coastal cetacean
populations, including: major impacts on populations of the
Form current as of November 2010
155
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor), the Ganges
river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) (Elliot 2009); the
Indo-pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) (Jefferson et al.
2009); the Irrawaddy dolphin (IUCN 2010) and for certain
populations of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin Tursiops aduncus,
exposed to cumulative impacts of reduced prey availability and
habitat degradation due to marine construction and demolition
could lead to longitudinal population declines (Convention
Migratory Species 2010).
156
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The precautionary principle should therefore apply when coastal
development activities are conducted adjacent to and/or within
known snubfin dolphin habitat.
Numerous large-scale development projects have already gone
ahead in known snubfin dolphins areas, without adequate
baseline studies having being conducted prior to construction,
such as;
-- dredging for the port of the McArthur River mine, western Gulf
of Carpentaria
Form current as of November 2010
157
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- off the Kimberley coast, Western Australia, the extensive
development of infrastructure mostly associated with the
petroleum industry and iron ore activities, and seismic surveys
and petroleum explorations are of concern and are suspected to
have an impact at the local level at all affected sites.
There are a number of projects under development in
Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory that
could cumulatively have a significant effect on the behaviour,
extent of occurrence, and area of occupancy of snubfin dolphins.
Form current as of November 2010
158
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The following projects are of greatest concern:
Queensland
-- Proposed Balaclava Island Coal Export Terminal, Port Alma
(Xstrata Coal Queensland Pty Ltd) (Queensland Government
2011a). Development and dredging proposed directly in the
habitat of Fitzroy subpopulation of snubfin dolphins.
-- Approved Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas Project (GLNG)
(Santos Ltd) (GLNG 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation in close
proximity to developments.
Form current as of November 2010
159
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Approved Queensland Curtis Liquid Natural Gas Project
(QCLNG) (BG Group) (QGC 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation in close
proximity to developments.
-- Approved Australia Pacific Liquid Natural Gas Project (Conoco
Philips and Origin Energy) (APLNG 2011). Fitzroy subpopulation
in close proximity to developments.
-- Approved Western Basin Dredging Program (Gladstone Ports
Corporation) (Queensland Government 2011b). Fitzroy
subpopulation in close proximity to developments.
-- Townsville Port Expansion (Port of Townsville 2011).
160
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Development within Cleveland Bay subpopulation habitat
-- Proposed Townsville Ocean Terminal (Queensland Government
2011c). Development within Cleveland Bay subpopulation
habitat.
-- Weipa Mine. Extension to mines in Weipa, with associated
removal of coastal vegetation (RioTinto Alco 2011).
Development within proximity to snubfin subpopulations that
occur in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Northern Territory
Form current as of November 2010
161
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Proposed Ichthys Field LNG pipeline and onshore facility
development at Blaydin Point, Darwin Harbour (INPEX Browse
Ltd) (INPEX 2011). Construction and development activities
proposed within feeding and breeding habitat for the Darwin
Harbour subpopulation of snubfin dolphins.
Western Australia
-- Proposed Walmandany (James Price Point) LNG gas hub north
of Broome (Woodside Ltd) (Woodside 2011). Construction and
development within Roebuck Bay subpopulation of snubfin
Form current as of November 2010
162
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins.
-- Proposed LNG facilities on the Dampier Peninsula, including
dredging operations and associated coastal shipping
infrastructure (Dampier Port Authority 2011). Construction and
development affecting remnant/vagrant snubfin subpopulations
that still occur in the Dampier region.
Disturbance and displacement by vessel activity
Cetaceans exposed to prolonged vessel disturbance can suffer
from repeated disruption to feeding, breeding, social or resting
Form current as of November 2010
163
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
behaviour and can ultimately experience adverse impacts on
reproductive success, distribution and ranging patterns, access
to preferred habitat, and individual health and fitness (Bejder
and Samuels 2003; Bedjer et al. 2006). Vessel disturbance is
often associated with coastal development, recreational fishing
and tourism activities, and can result in displacement of snubfin
dolphins from important habitats (eg. feeding or resting sites)
and can have more direct impacts through vessel noise and
collision.
164
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
In Australian waters, potential disturbance from vessels include:
-- avoidance behaviour in high traffic areas (eg. Cleveland Bay,
Darwin Harbour, Broome, Gladstone and Curtis Island Region).
-- vessel strikes (eg. extensive evidence of vessel strike exists in
Roebuck Bay, Cone Bay and Kampi Sound where of 124
identified individuals available for assessment; 41.9% had fishing
gear only marks, 9.6% had vessel strike marks only, and 11.2%
had marks indicative of both fishing gear and vessel strike (WWF
2010).
-- disturbance and reduced access to preferred habitats caused
165
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
by increasing tourism operations (eg. increasing tourism has
resulted in large and increasing numbers of passenger liners on
eco-cruises using high speed zodiacs in rivers and other
‘undisturbed’ mangrove habitat embayment along the whole
Kimberley Coast: WWF 2010).
It is important to note that small, isolated coastal cetacean
populations, with restricted or no emigration-immigration (i.e.
closed populations) are more vulnerable to biological impacts
from vessel disturbance and tourism, even with low levels of
Form current as of November 2010
166
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
exposure (Bedjer et al. 2006; Lusseau et al. 2006).
Disturbance and displacement by underwater noise
There is considerable national and international concern that
anthropogenic related sounds introduced into the marine
environment may have detrimental effects on marine mammals
by interfering with their ability to communicate, echolocate,
and/or mask other important natural sounds (Richardson et al.
1995). Marine mammals in general have been found to avoid
Form current as of November 2010
167
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
some human sound sources for ranges of several kilometres,
temporarily avoiding valuable habitat in the process (Tyack
2008; Jefferson et al. 2009).
The potential effects of elevated background noise levels caused
by anthropogenic noise (i.e. dredging, pile-driving, underwater
surveying, shipping, recreational vessels) include:
-- limiting the detection by marine mammals of natural sounds
-- disturbing cetacean’s normal behaviour resulting in possible
displacement from areas, and
Form current as of November 2010
168
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- physical trauma causing death, and/or temporary/permanent
physical damage to sensory systems (Richardson et al. 2005;
Nowacek et al. 2007).
Our current understanding of the Temporary Threshold Shift
(TTS) for the snubfin dolphin is unknown. Despite this lack of
understanding, a number development projects (listed above)
have been approved without fully understanding the direct,
indirect, and cumulative impacts of noise pollution associated
with them.
Form current as of November 2010
169
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As a result of snubfin dolphins strong site fidelity and particularly
habitat preferences (Parra et al. 2006b), it is likely that snubfin
dolphins exposed to high levels of anthropogenic noise would not
have the flexibility to move to other areas, thereby increasing
the potential for physical trauma.
Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control
Program
The Queensland Shark Control program has been in operation
Form current as of November 2010
170
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
since the early 1960s across many Queensland beaches using
nets, or drumlines, or a combination of both. The incidental
catch of snubfin dolphins in these sharks nets is a major cause
for concern (as discussed in Section 11b). Captures in shark
nets have occurred primarily in the northern part of the species'
range, but the magnitude is unknown. Between 1967 and 1987,
520 dolphins were caught in mesh along the Queensland coast,
with the snubfin dolphin being the most common species caught
in nets north of Mackay. From 1993 to 2003, eight Australian
snubfin dolphins were caught in nets, of which five died (Gribble
171
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
et al. 1998; Paterson 1990; DEWR 2007). Most captures in shark
nets occurred in the Townsville area, suggesting there may be
potential for local stock depletion (Parra et al. 2002).
The gear is in the water 365 days per year and is serviced every
two days by contractors. The contractors generally set the gear
about 400-500m offshore from the beach depending on water
depth. Generally, with the exception of Cairns, the gear is set in
10-12m depth. The nets are 186m in length and either 3m or 6m
wide depending on the area (WWF 2009).
Form current as of November 2010
172
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As of August 2009, there were 13 shark nets and 149 drumlines
[drumlins also by-catch coastal dolphins through entanglement
in the lines] still in use in the following snubfin dolphin areas:
-- Cairns – 5 nets and 24 drumlines
-- Bundaberg – 20 drumlines
-- Townsville – 54 drumlines
-- Rainbow Beach – 3 nets and 24 drumlines
-- Mackay – 5 nets and 27 drumlines
Form current as of November 2010
173
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Between 1995-2009, a total of 257 coastal dolphins were caught
in nets and drumlines associated with the shark control program
(228 caught in nets and 29 on drumlines); 17 of which were
snubfin dolphins (WWF 2009).
According to the Mortality Limit [PBR] for snubfin dolphins along
the urban Queensland coast (calculated in Section 2: Appendix
B), the mortality caused by shark nets during these 14 years was
unsustainable.
Form current as of November 2010
174
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Recreational and commercial net fishery
With the continued proliferation of synthetic gillnets throughout
the world, by-catch has emerged as an extremely serious threat
to cetaceans, as well as other marine megafauna (Northridge
1991). There are examples of unsustainably high cetacean bycatch rates wherever cetacean distribution and gillnet fisheries
overlap (see Perrin et al 1994; Jefferson and Curry 1994;
references in Reeves et al. 2003 ‘Incidental mortality in fisheries
– p14). Gillnet mortality is viewed as the chief threat to the
survival of many coastal cetaceans including: the Critically
175
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Endangered vaquita (D’Agrosa et al. 2000; Rojas-Bracho and
Taylor 1999), the Endangered and Critically Endangered Hectors’
dolphin populations (Martien et al. 1999; Dawson et al. 2001)
and all Critically Endangered subpopulations of Irrawaddy
dolphins (Smith 2004; Smith and Beasley 2004a,b,c; Jefferson et
al. 2008).
Typically Australian net fisheries catch is taken in waters less
than 50 metres deep and close to the coast and commercial
fisheries are at or near full exploitation (Kearney et al 1996).
Form current as of November 2010
176
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
There is evidence that coastal dolphin bycatch occurs in many
fisheries used in Australia, where the mortality of dolphins in
commercial and recreational gillnets is suggested to be
significantly higher than in shark nets (Corkeron et al. 1997). In
the early 1980s, observer programs for the northern drift net
fishery reported 14,000 dolphins killed in this fishery before it
was closed (Harwood and Hembree 1987; Harwood et al. 1984).
Coastal dolphins, including snubfin dolphins, were among species
caught by these driftnets. Other northern Australian inshore
fisheries include:
177
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland
-- The East Coast Inshore Fin Fishery (ECIFF) has over 300
vessels operating in inshore and estuarine areas of the
Queensland coast (as of September 2009) using a variety of
methods (mesh, haul seine, tunnel, cast nets, hook, and line).
This fishery operates in all tidal waters of the east coast out to
the Queensland East Coast Offshore Constitutional Settlement
Boundary between the northern tip of Cape York Peninsula and
Queensland-New South Wales border. In areas where fishing
operations overlap with dolphin occurrence, it is expected that
178
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
some level of by-catch would occur (WWF 2009; Parra and
Jedensjö 2009).
-- Gillnetting is a major threat throughout the snubfins extent of
occurrence. Snubfin dolphins are considered more susceptible to
entanglement in nets (especially gillnets set for barramundi, king
and thread salmon) as they are often found closer to the mouths
of rivers, creeks and estuaries than most other coastal cetacean
species (Hale 1997; Parra et al. 2002; Parra 2005; Parra and
Corkeron 2006; Parra and Jedensjö 2009); and therefore inhabit
areas where these nets are set.
179
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- The Queensland Trawl Fishery has around 600 vessels and
operates in inshore areas along the Queensland coast (WWF
2009; DSEWPC 2011). Although no snubfin dolphin mortalities
are known from trawl fisheries, the fisheries are likely to degrade
habitat and catch prey species.
Northern Territory
-- In the Northern Territory, there is also an Offshore Net and
Line Fishery (ONLF) that utilizes longlines or pelagic gillnets, area
of operation is between the Northern Territory waters from high
water to the Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ), however the majority
180
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
of fishing is undertaken within the coastal zone (within 12
nautical miles (nm) of the coast. However in 2007 no
interactions with dolphins were reported (WWF 2009).
-- The Northern Territory Barramundi Fishery operates in Fish
tidal mud flats and associated gutters and inside a restricted
number of rivers using monofilament gillnets (26 endorsements),
however as of 2009, no interactions with dolphins were reported
by fishers (WWF 2009).
-- There is a Gulf of Carpentaria Inshore Fin Fishery (GOCIFF)
that has a commercial inshore (N3) net fishery that are set in
181
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
estuaries, on foreshores and in offshore waters out to seven
nautical miles (nm) from the territorial sea baseline. There is
also a commercial bait netting (N6) fishery (WWF 2009; DSEWPC
2011).
-- In the Gulf of Carpentaria, barramundi commercial fishing and
potentially recreational fishing may also impact snubfin dolphins.
Ghost net by-catch is also an un-quantified threat to inshore
dolphins in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Western Australia
-- In Western Australia, a commercial fishery operating in
182
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Roebuck Bay sets nets perpendicular to the mangroves as the
tide comes in. This fishery is part of the Kimberley Gillnet and
Barramundi Managed Fishery (Newman et al. 2004), which
extends from the Western Australian/Northern Territory border
to the top of Eighty Mile Beach, south of Broome. This fishery
overlaps with snubfin foraging areas and the setting of nets is of
considerable concern. (Thiele 2010). This fishery does not export
and therefore has not undergone an assessment under the EPBC
Act 1999.
-- A Kimberley Prawn Managed Fishery operates between
183
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Western Australian and Commonwealth waters between Cape
Londonberry and Koolan Island off the Kimberley coast (WWF
2009, DEC 2011). As of 2009, no independent observer system
was in place for the regular collection of information on by-catch
in this fishery (WWF 2009). Another active fishery in Western
Australia is the Broome Prawn Managed Fishery (DSEWPC
2011c), once again interactions with snubfin dolphins is
unknown.
-- A Coastal Net Fishery sets coastal nets, cast nets, gill nets
Form current as of November 2010
184
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(commercial sector only), drag nets (recreational and Indigenous
sector) that extend from the high water mark to three nautical
miles from the low water mark (WWF 2009). This fishery does
not export and therefore has not undergone an assessment
under the EPBC Act 1999. It is worth noting however that there
are already some permanent closures for this fishery in some
areas including Darwin Harbour and Shoal Bay.
Depletion of food resources through recreational and
commercial fishing and habitat degradation
Form current as of November 2010
185
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Based on the distribution and habitat preferences of snubfin
dolphins, plus studies of stomach contents (Heinsohn 1979;
Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jedensjö 2009), it appears that this
species feeds mainly on estuarine-associated fish species. These
prey species constitute a component of the prawn-trawl fishery
bycatch, plus are targeted in some areas by estuarine fishers
(e.g. barramundi and threadfin salmon). This potential
anthropogenic impact can be expected throughout the Australian
range of this species. Additional threats may come through
targeted fishing of these potential snubfin dolphin prey-fish.
186
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The River and Inshore Beam Trawl Fishery (a sub-fishery of the
Queensland East Coast Trawl fishery) is permitted to operate
between Cape York and the Queensland/New South Wales
border. In Queensland, snubfin dolphin prey species are
targeted by both trawl and inshore fisheries, and could become
depleted to levels that would impact on foraging requirements if
not managed appropriately (Parra and Jedensjö 2009).
Catchment run-off (including pathogens)
Coastal cetaceans are more susceptible to high levels of
Form current as of November 2010
187
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
pollutants than offshore species (Jacobs 2009). Various
pollutants enter coastal and estuarine waters along Australia's
coastline (e.g. heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, nutrients
and sediments) from many different sources (e.g. industrial and
sewage discharges, catchment runoff and groundwater
infiltration) (Cosser 1997; Hale 1997; Haynes and Johnson 2000;
Kemper et al. 1994). The concentration and rapid growth of
industry, especially along the urban coast of Queensland has
placed increased pressure on coastal resources.
188
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Although the ecological significance of existing contaminants
within the range of snubfin dolphins is not known, recent studies
on contaminant levels and water quality along the urban
Queensland coastline indicate that there is a significant risk that
some areas might be damaged in the future. The adverse effects
of complex mixtures of organohalogen compounds and PCDD/Fs
on marine mammal health are not fully understood, but their
toxic properties and high concentration in bottlenose dolphins
and dugongs along the Queensland coast suggests they may also
be a threat to snubfin dolphins. This threat is likely to escalate as
189
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
industrial and agricultural activities along the coastline increase
(Bannister et al. 1996).
More recently, declining water quality has been identified as one
the top threats to the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area
(GBRMPA 2009). The exposure of, and sensitivity of, snubfin
dolphins to this threat has also been ranked as high and very
high respectively (GBRMPA 2009), particularly in relation to:
-- increased bioaccumulation of toxins,
-- exposure to parasites such as Toxomoplasma gondii (Bowater
Form current as of November 2010
190
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
et al. 2003), and
-- possible infectious dermal diseases.
A secondary impact is considered the reduction of the
productivity of the ecosystems in which they depend. High
rainfall events are predicted to increase with an increase in
intensity and frequency of storm and flood events (associated
with climate change) which could further exacerbate these
impacts (Lough 2007).
The snubfin dolphin depends on coastal and riverine habitats that
Form current as of November 2010
191
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
may be affected by developments and pollution. Higher levels of
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been found in dolphins
from the Gold Coast than anywhere else in Australia. High levels
of PCBs have been linked to severely impaired reproductive
capacity in dolphins (Gaus et al. 2001). Some dolphins are
thought to feed regularly around sewage outlets and port
facilities and could be vulnerable to contamination from poor
water quality (Gaus et al. 2001). Some studies have found
significant levels of mercury in the respiratory tracts of dolphins,
raising the possibility that air quality adjacent to major centers
192
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
may affect dolphins (DEW 2007).
Jacob (2009) and SEWPAC (2011) cite the following research:
-- Kemper et al. (1994) recorded very high cadmium levels in
the liver of inshore bottlenose dolphins in South Australia
-- Parra et al. (2002) and Parra et al. (2006a) identified
pollutants as potentially threatening to local snubfin populations
in Cleveland Bay, but no data has been collected to date.
-- Lavery et al. (2009) suggests there is a relationship between
metal toxicity (as a result of exposure to heavy metals) and
Form current as of November 2010
193
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
renal damage and/or bone malformations in inshore dolphins in
South Australian waters.
-- Organohalogen pollutant levels in marine mammals from
northeast Queensland were higher than expected, and may
therefore affect this species. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) levels off Queensland were also
found to be high (Gaus et al. 2001), potentially threatening
species such as snubfin dolphins that prefer sheltered shallow
waters.
194
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
As noted by SEWPAC (2011), marine mammals are very
susceptible to pathogen-induced mass mortalities (Bannister et
al. 1996), suggesting that an epizootic event could threaten a
species like the snubfin dolphin with its apparently small
population size and restricted coastal range. Recent studies
have shown that three humpback dolphins recovered in the
Townsville region between 2000 and 2001 were infected with
Toxoplasmosis gondii (Bowater et al. 2003), a terrestrial parasite
that can be fatal or have deleterious effects on the health of
marine mammals (e.g., infection with T. gondii is one of the
195
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
leading causes of mortality of southern sea otters along the
California coast: Kreuder et al. 2003). Given their small
population size and the fact that they occupy similar habitats to
humpback dolphins, the incidence of this pathogen is of serious
concern for the conservation of snubfin dolphins (Parra 2006).
Climate Change
Climate change is a seemingly over-arching and pervasive threat
to coastal dolphins and their habitat. Climate change impacts in
Queensland in particular (high rainfall, increased catchment run
Form current as of November 2010
196
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
b.
what its effect has been so far
(indicate whether it is known or
suspected; present supporting
information/research; does it
only affect certain populations);
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
off from storms and floods) increase the exposure of dolphins to
bio-accumulated toxins and infectious diseases and indirectly
impact productivity of ecosystems they depend upon (Lawler et
al. 2007).
Habitat loss and degradation
Habitat loss and degradation is observable in many areas along
the northern Australian coastline. The effect of such
development is known, and obvious in that habitat previously
used by inshore dolphins and prey that they depend on severely
197
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
degraded, or no longer exists.
The coastline of Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia is an
example of a severely degraded habitat adjacent to known
snubfin dolphin subpopulations. Although these subpopulations
are now considered ‘vagrant’, snubfin dolphin numbers may have
been higher pre-habitat modification. As described by the Port of
Dampier (2011), the Port of Dampier was developed in 1963
when Hamersley Iron Pty Ltd (Rio Tinto Iron Ore) entered into an
agreement with the State Government to develop an iron ore
Form current as of November 2010
198
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
mine at Mt Tom Price (320km inland), where a port in the
Dampier Archipelago was required to allow the company to
export iron ore to world markets. By 1966, Port and town site
had been constructed in Dampier. Since this time, the following
constructions have been completed:
-- A general cargo wharf, across which construction materials
and domestic supplies were landed. This facility – later renamed
the Service Wharf – is still operational with regular imports of
petroleum products.
-- The Parker Point iron ore facility was also completed in 1966
199
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
and was originally designed to accept vessels up to 60,000 DWT.
-- During 1972, Dampier Salt (a subsidiary of Rio Tinto Iron Ore)
commenced operations. Salt is produced by solar evaporation
and currently some 3.8 million tonnes is exported annually, with
the bulk of this to the petrochemical industry.
-- By the late 1970’s Woodside Offshore Petroleum and their
joint ventures, realising the strategic and resources potential of
the Pilbara coast, decided on Dampier as the site of their onshore
LNP production plant and export wharf.
-- The North Rankin ‘A’ production platform was constructed
200
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
some 130kms NNW of Dampier and was connected by pipeline to
their onshore site at Withnell Bay. The project was the largest
engineering works ever undertaken in Australia at the time.
-- A second jetty was constructed towards the end of 1995. This
facility was designed to handle LPG vessels as well as condensate
tankers. Approximately 1,500,000 million tonnes of LPG is
exported annually.
-- In December 2005 the Dampier Port Authority officially
opened their newly constructed Dampier Bulk Liquids Berth, with
Burrrup Fertilisers Pty Ltd exporting their first consignment of
201
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
anhydrous ammonia in June 2006.
-- Offshore exploration is continuing at an ever-increasing rate
along the North West coast, with large oil and gas fields being
developed (Port of Dampier 2011). Further extensive
developments are now planned for the Dampier coastline to
support the Gorgon Project, Australia’s largest LNG project
(Chevron Australia 2011).
Disturbance and displacement by vessel activity
There is substantial evidence that vessel disturbance can cause
Form current as of November 2010
202
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
repeated disruption to feeding, breeding, social or resting
behaviour, and can ultimately have adverse impacts on
reproductive success, distribution and ranging patterns, access
to preferred habitat, and individual health and fitness (Bejder
and Samuels 2003; Bedjer et al. 2006). Similar findings have
been obtained from Irrawaddy dolphins from the Mahakam (Kreb
and Rahadi 2004) and Mekong Rivers (Stacey and Haveengard).
Although there have been no such behavioural studies on snubfin
dolphins, based on other studies it can be inferred that
Form current as of November 2010
203
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
disturbance and displacement of snubfin dolphins occurs where
the species co-exists with vessel activity.
Disturbance and displacement by underwater noise
There are many scientific studies that discuss underwater noise
and its disturbance and displacement to cetaceans where effects
can include Temporary Threshold Shifts, Permanent Threshold
Shifts and even death (Nowacek et al. 2007). Given cetaceans
sensitive hearing and known effects of underwater noise, it can
be inferred that disturbance and displacement of snubfin
Form current as of November 2010
204
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins occurs when exposed to even low levels of underwater
noise.
Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control
Program
It is known that incidental capture in shark nets has caused
direct deaths of many snubfin dolphins since the mid 1960s,
although exact numbers are difficult to establish because of the
programs’ inadequacies of recording dolphin species (Gribble et
al. 1998; Paterson 1990).
Form current as of November 2010
205
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Snubfin dolphins are known to occur in small, localized
populations. When considering the Mortality Limit [PBR]
(outlined at the start of this section), it can therefore be inferred
that incidental catch in sharks nets has caused local stock
depletion of snubfin dolphins along the Queensland coast,
particularly in the Townsville/Cairns region.
Recreational and commercial net fishery
It is important to emphasise that as discussed in Marsh (2000)
Form current as of November 2010
206
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
and Marsh et al. (2005) shark net data is just a subset/sample of
the overall net mortality. The recreational and commercial net
fisheries target similar species preyed on by dolphins (Heinsohn
1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra and Jedensjö 2009) and as there
are significantly more gillnets than shark nets, the shark net
mortality [rate] likely underestimates that of gillnets. As with
incidental capture in shark nets as described above, it can be
inferred that bycatch of even small numbers of snubfin dolphins
has resulted in local stock depletion throughout their range.
207
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Whilst it is known that snubfin dolphins are incidentally caught in
recreational and commercial gillnet fisheries (although the
numbers remain uncertain), for many Australian fisheries the
observer coverage is inadequate or non-existent, resulting in the
majority of bycatch records being anecdotal (and potentially
under-reported) rather than quantitative (Morizur et al; 1999;
Lewison et al., 2004). In Queensland particularly and under
current resourcing levels, it is presumed that the Fisheries
Observer Programs within the ECIFF provide insufficient
reporting of interactions with Species of Conservation Interest
208
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(SOCI) such as inshore dolphins (GBRMPA Vulnerability
assessment for Inshore dolphins in progress).
Depletion of food resources through recreational and
commercial fishing and habitat degradation
There is no direct evidence that depletion of food resources has
yet had an effect on snubfin dolphin populations.
Catchment run-off (including pathogens)
The adverse effects of complex mixtures of organohalogen
Form current as of November 2010
209
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
compounds and PCDD/Fs on marine mammal health are not fully
understood, but their toxic properties and high concentration in
bottlenose dolphins and dugongs along the Queensland coast
suggests they may also be a threat to snubfin dolphins (Gaus et
al. 2001). This threat is likely to escalate as industrial and
agricultural activities along the coastline increase (Bannister et
al. 1996).
Additionally, three humpback dolphins recovered in the
Townsville region between 2000 and 2001 were infected with
Form current as of November 2010
210
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
c.
what is its expected effect in
the future (is there supporting
research/information; is the
threat only suspected; does it
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Toxoplasmosis gondii (Bowater et al. 2003). Given their small
population size and the fact that they occupy similar habitats to
humpback dolphins, the incidence of this pathogen is of serious
concern for the conservation of snubfin dolphins (Parra 2006),
and it may have already infected, and caused the death of, some
individuals.
Habitat loss and degradation
Habitat degradation and coastal development will likely expand
and continue into the future, with the potential to cumulatively
211
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
only affect certain populations);
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
increase its impact as ‘pristine’ habitat becomes reduced (to the
detriment of inshore dolphins and their prey) and the human
population increases (Bannister et al. 1996; Parra et al. 2002).
A clear example of an expected future effect of habitat loss and
degradation is illustrated by the proposed Coal Export Terminal
on Balaclava Island, Port Alma, Queensland. The mouth of the
Fitzroy River (Port Alma) represents the most southerly extent of
snubfin dolphins on Australia’s east coast. This snubfin dolphin
population is genetically distinct from northern snubfin dolphins
Form current as of November 2010
212
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
and therefore represents a distinct subpopulation. There is
currently one small port in operation in Port Alma, however, the
remaining mangrove/estuarine area is in relatively pristine
condition. The construction and operation of the Balaclava Coal
Terminal would permanently degrade important mangrove
habitat in the area, and is likely to disturb snubfin dolphins (and
other inshore dolphins) through construction/underwater noise,
and increased vessel traffic.
The Port of Gladstone Western Basin and Disposal Project
Form current as of November 2010
213
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(WBDDP) seeks to dredge and dispose up to 50 million m 3 of
material within the Western Basin Area (Gladstone Ports
Corporation 2011) to provide to port facilities for the numerous
developments proposed. The volume of dredging means it is the
largest dredging campaign to be undertaken in Australia. This
dredging is likely to have significant impact on the region,
resulting in the removal of the animals contained in the sediment
within the dredged area, a turbidity plume that is transported
outside the dredge area, and the mobilisation and transportation
of nutrients and contaminants (APLNG 2010). Currently it
214
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
remains unknown where the dredged material will be disposed,
and therefore the potential impacts on snubfin dolphins in the
GBRWHA is unknown.
Over 100 maritime development areas have been identified for
large scale maritime infrastructure development along the
Queensland coast. Some of which overlap with snubfin dolphin
occupancy areas, eg the Port of Hinchinbrook, Townsville Port,
Port Alma, Port of Weipa (Queensland Government 2011d).
Form current as of November 2010
215
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The cumulative effects of such developments along the northern
Australian coastline, particularly in areas known to be important
for snubfin dolphins is major cause for concern.
Disturbance and displacement from vessel activity and
underwater noise
As described for habitat degradation above, disturbance and
displacement from vessel activity and underwater noise will
increase in the future, particularly as human population increases
along the northern Australian coastline.
Form current as of November 2010
216
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The ‘Economic Gateway Plan’ takes into account the potential for
a trebling in trade through the Port of Townsville by 2030. It
incorporates elements of the Port's Master Plan which includes
new and upgraded berths, land reclamation, improved transport
and storage facilities, and strategically positioned land
developments (Port of Townsville 2011). It is highly likely that
this expansion will impact the population of snubfin dolphins in
Cleveland Bay.
Form current as of November 2010
217
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Broome Port is located within Roebuck Bay, the emerging LNG
industry coupled with an already increasing commercial and
recreational vessel use of the bay is of serious concern to the
potential impacts on snubfin dolphins in the bay.
Currently, as part of the Inpex Development Plan in Darwin,
considerations are being made to blast Walker Shoal at the
entrance to the shipping channel – a confined blasting predicted
to continue up to 57 weeks, 3 times daily and using 50Kg
charges (INPEX 2011, p357). An activity that has the potential
Form current as of November 2010
218
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
to disturb, injure or even kill dolphins in the area
Incidental capture in the Queensland Shark Control
Program
If shark nets and drumlines are set for bather protection, there is
no doubt that they will continue to catch coastal dolphins,
including snubfin dolphins. This threat will therefore continue for
snubfin dolphins along the Queensland coast until all nets and
drumlins are removed.
Form current as of November 2010
219
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Recreational and commercial net fishery
It is difficult to assess the impacts of recreational fishing
however, increasing human population growth along the
northern Australian coast, and increases in boat registrations
indicate that vessel activity and recreational fishing will continue
to increase in the future (GBRMPA Vulnerability assessment for
snubfin dolphins in progress).
It is estimated that approximately 45% of residents in the Fitzroy
statistical division go recreational fishing at least once per year
Form current as of November 2010
220
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(Henry and Lyle 2003), this number is considered to substantially
increase given the influx of employers to the Gladstone-Curtis
Island region as part of the proposed LNG developments. Similar
assumptions could be made in other areas such as Western
Australia and in Darwin Harbour where large-scale LNG
development projects are planned.
Depletion of food resources through recreational and
commercial fishing and habitat degradation
Depletion of food resources is expected to become an increasing
Form current as of November 2010
221
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
threat as fishers turn their attention to estuarine-associated fish
that have previously not been targeted. This suspected threat
may increase in future years as fishers target historically less
desirable fish due to collapse of preferred fish stocks.
Destructive fishing techniques (i.e. trawling) also destroy habitat
important to fisheries, and often have large amounts of bycatch
associated with the industry.
Given the small population size of snubfins, events such as
disease outbreak amongst prey species and/or a significant
Form current as of November 2010
222
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
reduction in fish stocks from overfishing or fish kills, could have a
direct impact on the population viability of the species in these
areas (McCarthy and Thompson 2001; Thompson et al. 2000).
Catchment run-off (including pathogens)
As described for habitat degradation above, catchment run-off
will increase in the future, particularly as human population
increases along the northern Australian coastline.
Water quality/catchment run-off issues has been highlighted by
Form current as of November 2010
223
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Murdoch et al. (2008). Whereby increased water temperatures
and low salinity that accompanies high rainfall and catchment
run off periods can cause chronic dermal infectious disease in
bottlenose dolphins. Poor environmental conditions result in
physiological stress that then leads to outbreaks of lobomycosis
and poxvirus. These outbreaks have be linked to mortality and
continuous exposure to these stressors could also be linked to
adaptive immunity (Murdoch et al. 2008). Although similar
infectious diseases have yet to be recorded for the snubfin
dolphin, it cannot be ruled out as a potential and suspected
224
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
threat.
Through the risk-based approach established in the Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority’s Outlook Report (GBRMPA 2009), the
snubfin dolphin along with the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is
considered the most at-risk species in the Great Barrier Reef
World Heritage Area.
d.
what is the relative
importance or magnitude of
the threat to the species.
Form current as of November 2010
The major known threats that are currently impacting on snubfin
dolphins, in order or priority are:
225
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
-- Habitat loss and degradation
-- Incidental capture in gillnets through the recreational and
commercial net fishery, and Queensland Shark Control Program
-- Disturbance and displacement from vessel activity and
underwater noise
These threats are continuing unabated in many areas that
snubfin dolphins are known to occur, including known snubfin
dolphin hotspots (eg. Port Alma, Townsville, Broome).
Form current as of November 2010
226
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
45. If not included above, identify
catastrophic threats, i.e. threats
with a low predictability that are
likely to severely affect the species.
Identify the threat, explain its likely
impact and indicate the likelihood of
it occurring (e.g. a drought/cyclone
in the area every 100 years).
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Catastrophic threats that could affect snubfin dolphin populations
include:
-- Severe cyclones that destroy habitat and disrupt prey (low
likelihood). As an example, in February 2011, Cyclone Yasi
devastated the Queensland coast. The cyclone and storm surge
destroyed coral beds and important sea grass beds having a
potentially devastating effect on local dugongs and marine
megafauna populations (i.e. turtles and dolphins) (CMS 2011).
The number and intensity of tropical cyclones has increased
227
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
46. Identify and explain any
additional biological
characteristics particular to the
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
significantly as the environment has warmed and this trend is
expected to continue into the future (Webster et al. 2005).
-- Oil spills that degrade important habitat and disrupt prey (low
likelihood, but the likelihood increases as more industry is
constructed along the coast, and more cargo ships travel into
coastal regions).
There are a number of biological characteristics that contribute
with anthropogenic mortality to threaten snubfin dolphin
survival:
228
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
species that are threatening to its
survival (e.g. low genetic diversity)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Habitat and feeding
-- Behavioural observations (Parra 2006) together with
information on diet (Heinsohn 1979; Marsh et al. 1989; Parra
and Jendensjö 2009) indicate coastal-estuarine waters are
important foraging habitats for snubfin dolphins. Because of
their coastal distribution and feeding ecology, snubfin dolphins
are at greater risk of directly or indirectly interacting with
fisheries operating in coastal waters (Parra and Jendensjö 2009).
Interspecific aggression
There is considerable overlap in ranges of snubfin and humpback
229
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
dolphins (Sousa chinensis) throughout the snubfin dolphin extent
of occurrence, however, it is hypothesized that humpback
dolphins may directly compete with snubfin dolphins for
resources (Parra 2005). Interspecific aggression from humpback
dolphins towards the snubfin have been observed in Cleveland
bay, and may result in exclusion of the snubfin dolphin from key
habitat areas, displacing them into areas not utilized by
humpbacks, such as sea grass beds, river mouths and very
shallow water (Parra et al. 2006b). In the worst case,
interspecific aggression may cause newborn snubfin mortality
230
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Life history, survival and population growth rates
--The snubfin dolphins reproductive biology (i.e. long-lived
species with slow reproduction and relative population stability)
is likely to make the species particularly vulnerable to
threatening processes (see similar example of Hector’s dolphins
in Pichler et al. 2003).
Distribution
-- Recent genetic studies indicate clear population differentiation
between snubfin dolphin populations in the north (Hinchinbrook
and Townsville) and south of Queensland (Keppel Bay). There
231
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
appears to be very low migration rates between these two
regions (Guido Parra, unpublished data), which accentuates the
potential for local extinction.
Abundance
-- Small populations, (such as snubfin dolphin subpopulations),
are more prone to extinction than large stable populations
because of loss of genetic variability and environmental and
demographic stochasticity (Caughley and Gunn 1996). The low
subpopulation estimates raise concerns about the long-term
survival of snubfin dolphins and emphasizes the need to increase
232
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
47. Identify and explain any
quantitative measures or
models that address the probability
of the species’ extinction in the wild
over a particular timeframe.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
research and conservation efforts in Australia if conservation is
to be successful (Parra et al. 2006a).
As a result of a lack of rigorous population estimates for snubfin
dolphins nationally, no quantitative measures or models have
addressed the probability of the species’ extinction in the wild
over a particular timeframe.
However, snubfin dolphin Mortality Limit [PBR] (discussed in
Section 2: Appendix A) indicates that anthropogenic mortality of
233
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
<1 individual per subpopulation/per year will lead to population
decline.
Additionally, population viability analysis of well known coastal
dolphin species (i.e. bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus and
Hector’s dolphin, Cephalorhynchus hectori) indicate the
populations of <100 animals face high extinction probabilities
(Thompson et al. 2000; Burkhart and Slooten 2003).
48. Is there other information
Form current as of November 2010
There are currently no national or global estimates of abundance
234
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
that relates to the survival of this
species that you would like to
address?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
for snubfin dolphins. However, based on the evidence provided
for this nomination, snubfin dolphin subpopulations must have
declined in the past and undoubtedly face a high potential for
decline in the near future. This potential decline increases as
preferred estuarine/mangrove habitat is destroyed and degraded
in association with large-scale coastal development, and bycatch
in shark nets and fisheries continues.
It would be unproductive to defer this assessment in
anticipation of a formal estimate of population size and
Form current as of November 2010
235
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
trends for several reasons.
-- Firstly, surveys of coastal dolphins are time-consuming
and expensive exercises. Over the entire range of this
species such surveys would cost, at best, many hundreds
of thousands of dollars and may take several years to
complete. Whilst it is important to continue to research
the species – it should not be at the expense
implementing protective measure now.
-- Secondly, the demonstration of a trend requires at least
two surveys, exacerbating the above problem, while
236
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
leaving the species exposed to threats. In all likelihood a
major decline occurred before the species was ever
studied.
-- Thirdly, given the low population size and density, to
statistically demonstrate a declining trend is prohibitively
difficult.
Thus, an appropriate precautionary approach is to heed
the abundance of evidence for threats to this species, and
declines due to those threats in other species.
Form current as of November 2010
237
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The mortality limit [PBR] calculated in Section 2 provides clear
evidence that the current level of mortalities along the east coast
is unsustainable and resulting in declining subpopulations. This
situation is no doubt also occurring in other parts of northern
Australia based on known threats and mortalities.
There is substantial documented evidence of the critical situation
facing the majority of coastal and riverine cetaceans worldwide
(Northridge 1991; Perrin et al 1994; Jefferson and Curry 1994;
Form current as of November 2010
238
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Bracho and Taylor 1999; Martien et al. 1999; D’Agrosa et al.
2000; Dawson et al. 2001; Reeves et al. 2003), with five of the
six subpopulations of Irrawaddy dolphins (snubfin dolphins
closest relative) being classified as Critically Endangered (Smith
2004; Smith and Beasley 2004a,b,c; Jefferson et al. 2008).
Extinction is a reality for endangered species such as coastal and
riverine dolphins, and has apparently already occurred to the
Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) that once inhabited the Yangtze River of
China (Smith et al. 2008; Reeves & Gales 2006; Turvey et al.
Form current as of November 2010
239
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
2007). Unfortunately, the history of coastal dolphin indicates that
by the time population declines are noticed, and action taken,
they may have passed the point where conservation remedies
are simple or inexpensive to implement. Australia has an
international responsibility to appropriately manage and conserve
the snubfin dolphin; one of Australia’s only potentially endemic
cetacean species.
240
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Threat Abatement and Recovery
49. Give an overview of how
broad-scale threats are being
abated/could be abated and other
recovery actions underway/
proposed. Identify who is
undertaking these activities and
how successful the activities have
been to date.
Form current as of November 2010
There is currently minimal management being undertaken to
abate broad-scale threats affecting snubfin dolphin populations.
Bannister et al. (1996) and Ross (2006) recommended the
following actions be taken to better understand the threats to
snubfin dolphins (few of which have been implemented): -- Determine the distribution and monitor abundance of snubfin
dolphins in Australian waters to assess the possible impact of
threats, particularly the effect of direct and indirect fishing
241
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
activities. This should be done via boat-based surveys and line
transect techniques, particularly in northern waters.
-- Obtain information on snubfin dolphin diet to determine their
trophic level and assess any possible impact of the fishing
industry on dolphin food resources.
-- Determine the taxonomic relationships within and outside the
Sahul Shelf region to assess the likely impact of threats on
possible individual populations of snubfin dolphins.
-- Obtain basic biological information (including diet, pollutant
levels, and genetic samples) from incidentally-caught and
242
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
stranded snubfin dolphin specimens, especially from the Arafura
and Timor Seas. This should include ensuring specimens are
made available to appropriate scientific museums to enable
collection of life history data and tissue samples for genetic
analysis.
-- Develop an education program and information material about
snubfin dolphins, and distribute to the general public.
Develop a community sighting program throughout their range to
monitor distribution.
243
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The change of many shark nets to drumlines in 1992 has
resulted in a decline in the number of dolphins killed at a
regional level (Gribble et al. 1998), however significant catch of
coastal cetaceans (and snubfin dolphins) still occurs in both nets
and drumlines (WWF 2009).
Currently 38% of coastal waters (i.e. waters within 10km from
the mainland) along the urban coast of the Great Barrier Reef
World Heritage Area are protected from mesh-netting through
Dugong Protection Areas (Alana Grech pers comm. in Para
Form current as of November 2010
244
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
2006a), however mesh-netting continues along the remainder of
the coast, with bycatch of snubfin dolphins in these nets still
highly likely.
As stated by Parra et al (2006a) ‘Species with high levels of site
fidelity are vulnerable to population declines due to habitat
degradation and loss, particularly when those species occupy
relatively restricted habitats (Warkentin and Hernandez 1996).
The various habitats within the home range of local populations
of snubfin dolphins are unlikely to be of the same quality.
Form current as of November 2010
245
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
50. For species nominated as
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Consequently degradation and loss of coastal habitat can lead to
an increase in distance among habitat patches and/or reduction
in number of remnant habitats (i.e. habitat fragmentation;
Andrén 1994). Abatement of habitat degradation and loss is
therefore of high priority for snubfin dolphin conservation efforts.
NA
extinct in the wild, provide details
of the locations in which the
species occurs in captivity and
Form current as of November 2010
246
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
the level of human intervention
required to sustain the species.
Mitigation Approach
51. Describe any mitigation
measures or approaches that
have been developed specifically for
the species at identified locations.
Identify who is undertaking these
activities and how successful the
Form current as of November 2010
In Roebuck Bay, injuries to snubfin dolphins from human
activities were investigated (WWF 2010). This report, in
association with media exposure (both locally and nationally),
raised awareness of this issue and highlighted the threat of
injuries to snubfin dolphins from fishing gear, high boat speed
and boat strike. The overlap of important snubfin dolphin areas
247
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
activities have been to date.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
(i.e. socializing and foraging areas) with main recreational fisher
routes was also emphasized, which resulted in the Broome
Department of Transport and the Broome Port Authority taking
action to reduce boat speeds in the bay.
On 4-5 May 2010, a ‘Tropical Inshore Dolphin Workshop’ was
held by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts to discuss the current status of inshore dolphins in
northern Australia. Various conservation recommendations
resulted from this meeting, none of which have yet been
Form current as of November 2010
248
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
initiated.
52. Departmental use only:
Major Studies
53. Identify major studies on the
species that might relate to its
taxonomy or management.
Form current as of November 2010
Ongoing genetic studies in association with the AMMC funded
project “Population genetics and phylogeography of Australian
snubfin and humpback dolphins: defining appropriate
management units for conservation-Stage 1” (conducted by Dr
Guido J. Parra, Ms Céline Frére, Dr Jennifer Seddon and Dr
249
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Michael Krützen) indicate snubfin dolphin populations along the
urban coast of Queensland are genetically differentiated into at
least two distinct genetic clusters: Northern and south
Queensland. The low migration rates of dolphins between these
major areas suggest that populations of snubfin dolphins from
these three areas should be considered as separate entities and
considered independently for further actions towards their
conservation and management.
Carol Palmer and co-authors have recently submitted a
Form current as of November 2010
250
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
manuscript for review entitled: ‘Analysis of mitochondrial DNA
clarifies the taxonomy and distribution of the Australian snubfin
dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) in northern Australian waters’;
which confirms through genetic studies that Orcaella from the
Northern Territory are Orcaella heinsohni.
Management Documentation
54. Identify key management
documentation available for the
Form current as of November 2010
There are no recovery, conservation, or threat abatement plans
for snubfin dolphins or coastal cetaceans.
251
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
species, e.g. recovery plans,
conservation plans, threat
abatement plans.
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
The following documents may inform protection and
management of snubfin dolphins:
-- The Action Plan for Australian Cetaceans (Bannister et al.
1996).
-- Review of the Conservation Status of Australia's Smaller
Whales and Dolphins (Ross 2006).
-- Australian National Guidelines for Whale and Dolphin Watching
(DEWHA 2005).
-- The North Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A
252
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of
the North Marine Region (DEWHA 2008a).
-- North-West Marine Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A
Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of
the North-West Marine Region (DEWHA 2008b).
-- Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on
vertebrate marine life (DEWHA 2009).
55. Departmental use only:
Form current as of November 2010
253
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Section 3 — Indigenous Cultural Significance
56. Is the species known to have
Indigenous cultural significance to
groups within the Australian
jurisdiction and, if so, to which
Indigenous groups? Are you able to
provide information on the nature
of this significance?
Form current as of November 2010
Snubfin dolphins have Indigenous cultural significance for a
number of groups in the Kimberley and Northern Territory. This
significance has not yet been scientifically documented.
254
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Form current as of November 2010
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
255
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Section 4 – References and Reviewers
Notes:
 The opinion of appropriate scientific experts may be cited (with their approval) in support of a
nomination. If this is done the names of the experts, their qualifications and full contact details
must also be provided in the reference list below.
 Please provide copies of key documentation/references used in the nomination
57. Reference list
Andren, H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different
Form current as of November 2010
256
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos 71: 355-366.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
APLNG. 2011. Australia Pacific Liquid Natural Gas Project (Conoco Philips and Origin Energy).
http://www.aplng.com.au/.
APLNG. 2010. Australia Pacific LNG Project – Environmental Impact Statement.
http://www.aplng.com.au/eis
Aragones, L.V., T.A. Jefferson. and H. Marsh. 1997. Marine mammal surveys techniques applicable in
developing countries. Asian Marine Biology 14: 15-39.
Form current as of November 2010
257
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Arnold, P. & G. Heinsohn (1996). Phylogenetic status of the Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris
(Owen in Gray): a cladistic analysis. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 39:141-204.
Bannister, J.L., C.M. Kemper & R.M. Warneke (1996). The Action Plan for Australian Cetaceans.
[Online]. Canberra: Australian Nature Conservation Agency. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/cetaceans-action-plan/pubs/whaleplan.pdf.
Beasley, I.L., P.W. Arnold & G.E. Heinsohn (2002). Geographical variation in skull morphology of the
Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 10:15-24.
Form current as of November 2010
258
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Beasley I., K.M. Robertson and P. Arnold (2005). Description of a new dolphin: The Australian snubfin
dolphin Orcaella heinsohni sp.n. (Cetacea, Delphinidae). Marine Mammal Science. 21(3):365-400.
Bedjer, L., A. Samuels, H. Whitehead, N. Gales, J. Mann, R. Conner, M. Heithaus, J. Watson-Capps, C.
Flaherty, & M. Krützen (2006). Decline in relative abundance of bottlenose dolphins exposed to
long-term disturbance. Conservation Biology. 20 (6).
Bejder, L. and A. Samuels. 2003. Evaluating the effects of nature-based tourism on cetaceans. Pages
229-256 in Gales, N., M. Hindell & R. Kirkwood (Eds). Marine Mammals: Fisheries, Tourism,
Form current as of November 2010
259
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Management Issues. CSIRO Publishing, Australia.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Bonoccorso, F. 2000. A small survey for marine mammals in the Kikori Delta region of PNG.
Unpublished report to WWF-PNG and the National Museum and Art Gallery of Papua New Guinea.
Bowater, R.O., J. Norton, S. Johnson, B. Hill, P. O'Donoghue and and H. Prior (2003). Toxoplasmosis in
Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis), from Queensland. Australian Veterinary
Journal. 81:627-632.
Burkhart, S.M., E. Slooten. 2003. Population viability analysis for Hector’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus
Form current as of November 2010
260
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
hectori): a stochastic population model for local populations. New Zealand Journal of Marine and
Freshwater Research 37: 553-566.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Cagnazzi, D. Ph.D Thesis. Southern Cross University Whale Centre. In Review (2010).
Caughley, G. and A. Gunn. 1996. Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice. Blackwell Science,
Oxford, England. 445pp.
Chevron Australia. 2011. Gorgon Project.
http://www.chevronaustralia.com/ourbusinesses/gorgon.aspx
Form current as of November 2010
261
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Convention on Migratory Species website. Accessed 2011. Cyclone Yasi and the Dugong.
http://www.cms.int/species/dugong/dugong_news.htm
Convention on Migratory Species website. Accessed 2010. Small Cetaceans Reports; Available online:
www.cms.int/reports/small_cetaceans/data/t_aduncus/t_aduncus.htm.
Corkeron, P.J., N.M. Morissette., L.J. Porter. and H. Marsh. Distribution and status of hump=backed
dolphins Sousa chinensis in Australian waters. Asian marine Biology 14: 49-59.
Form current as of November 2010
262
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Cosser, P., ed. (1997). Nutrients in Marine and Estuarine Environments. Australia: State of the
Environment Technical Paper Series (Estuaries and the Sea). Canberra, Department of the
Environment.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
D’Agrosa, C., C.E. Lennert-Cody. And O. Vidal. 2000. Vaquita bycatch in Mexico’s artisianal gillnet
fisheries: driving a small population to extinction. Conservation Biology 14:1110-1119.
Dampier Port Authority. 2011. Port of Dampier Management Plan 2010-2020: Expanding the
boundaries. http://www.dpa.wa.gov.au/Documents/Port-Planning-Development/2010-2020-PortDevelopment-Plan/FINAL-Port-Development-Plan-(Public).aspx
Form current as of November 2010
263
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Dawson, S. P. Wade., E. Slooten. and J. Barlow. 2008. Design and field methods for sighting surveys of
cetaceans in coastal and riverine habitats. Mammal Review 38: 19-49.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011a.
Gulf of Carpentaria Inshore Fin Fish Fishery.
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/fisheries/qld/fin-fish/index.html.
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011b.
Orcaella heinsohni – Australian snubfin dolphin. http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-
Form current as of November 2010
264
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=81322
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC). 2011c.
Broome Prawn Managed Fishery. http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/fisheries/wa/broomeprawn/index.html
Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). 2010. Proposed Camden Sound Marine Park –
Indicative Management Plan 2010. Department of Environment and Conservation. Downloadable
from: http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/5665/2297/
Form current as of November 2010
265
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2009). Threat abatement
plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life. [Online]. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/marine-debris.html.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2008a). The North Marine
Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and
Uses of the North Marine Region. [Online]. Canberra: Department of the Environment, Water,
Heritage and the Arts. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/north/pubs/bioregional-profile.pdf.
Form current as of November 2010
266
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) (2008b). North-West Marine
Bioregional Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and
Uses of the North-West Marine Region. [Online]. Canberra: Department of the Environment,
Water, Heritage and the Arts. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/mbp/publications/north-west/bioregional-profile.html.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Department of the Environment and Heritage (2005). Australian National Guidelines for Whale and
Dolphin Watching. [Online]. Available from:
http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/publications/whale-watching-guidelines-2005.html.
Form current as of November 2010
267
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Department of the Environment and Water Resources (DEWR). 2007. Draft East Marine Bioregional
Plan: Bioregional Profile: A Description of the Ecosystems, Conservation Values and Uses of the
East Marine Region.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM). 2011a. The Australian snubfin
dolphin. Accessed online:
http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlifeecosystems/wildlife/az_of_animals/australian_snubfin_dolphi
n.html
Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM). 2011b . Whale Conservation –
Form current as of November 2010
268
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Australian whale
sanctuary.http://www.environment.gov.au/coasts/species/cetaceans/conservation/sanctuary.htm
l
Department of Environment Resource and Management (DERM). 2011b. Marine Wildlife Stranding.
http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlifeecosystems/wildlife/caring_for_wildlife/marine_strandings.html
Dawson, S.M. 1991. Incidental catch of Hector’s dolphins in inshore gillnets. Marine Mammal Science
7: 283-295.
Form current as of November 2010
269
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Elliott, W., H. Sohl, V. Burgener, 2009. Small cetaceans, the forgotten whales. WWF Species
Programme, Gland, Switzerland. Available online at:
http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/media/press/2009/WWFBinaryitem12794.pdf
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Freeland, W.J. and P. Bayliss. 1989. The Irrawaddy river dolphin Orcaella brevirostris in coastal waters
of the Northern Territory, Australia: distribution, abundance and seasonal changes. Mammalia.
53:49-57.
Frost, S. 1978. Whales and Whaling: Report of the Independent Inquiry Conducted by The Hon. Sir.
Sydney Frost. Australian Government Publishing Service. Canberra. 2 Vols.
Form current as of November 2010
270
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Fury, C.A. and P.L. Harrison. 2011. Impact of flood events on dolphin occupancy patterns. Marine
Mammal Science. Article first published online: 7 February 2011 | DOI: 10.1111/j.17487692.2010.00447.x
Gaskin, D.E., G.J.D. Smith, A.P. Watson, W.Y. Yasui and D.B. Yurick. 1984. Reproduction of the
porpoises (Phocoenidae): implications for management. Reports of the International Whaling
Commission: 135-147.
Gaus, C., O. Paepke, N. Dennison, D. Haynes, G.R. Shaw, D.W. Connell and J.F. Mueller. 2001.
Form current as of November 2010
271
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Evidence for the presence of a widespread PCDD source in coastal sediments and soils from
Queensland, Australia. Chemosphere. 43(4-7):549-558.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Gladstone Ports Corporation. 2011. Western Basin Dredging and Disposal Project.
http://www.gpcl.com.au/Project_Western_Basin_Dredging_&_Disposal.html
GLNG. 2011. Gladstone Liquefied Natural Gas Project (GLNG) (Santos Ltd). http://www.glng.com.au/.
QGC. 2011. The Queensland Curtis LNG Project. http://www.qgc.com.au/01_cms/details.asp?ID=5
Form current as of November 2010
272
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 2009, Great Barrier Reef Outlook Report 2009, Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, viewed 09/02/2011
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/about_us/great_barrier_reef_outlook_report >.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Gribble, N.A., G. McPherson and B. Lane. 1998. Effect of the Queensland shark control program in
non-target species: whale, dugong, turtle and dolphin: a review. Marine and Freshwater
Research. 49:645-651.
Hale, P. 1997. Conservation of inshore dolphins in Australia. Asian Marine Biology 14: 83-91.
Form current as of November 2010
273
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Harwood, M.B. and D. Hembree. 1987. Incidental catch of small cetaceans in the offshore gillnet
fishery in northern Australian waters: 1981-1985. Reports of the International Whaling
Commission 37: 363-367.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Harwood, M.B., K.J. McNamara., G.R.V. Anderson. And D.G. Walter. 1984. Incidental catch of small
cetaceans in a gillnet fishery in northern Australian waters. Reports of the International Whaking
Commission 34: 555-559.
Heinsohn, G.E. 1979. Biology of small cetaceans in North Queensland waters. The Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland.
Form current as of November 2010
274
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Inpex. 2011. Ichthys Project – Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
http://www.inpex.com.au/ichthys-draft-environmental-impact-statement/welcome.aspx
Jacob, S. 2009. The ecology and conservation of tropical inshore dolphins, Sousa chinensis, Orcaella
heinsohni and Orcaella brevirostris: a review of current knowledge. An NR595 project report
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Marine Science and
Management at the University of New England.
Jefferson, T.A., Karczmarski, L., Kreb, D., Laidre, K., O’Corry-Crowe, G., Reeves, R.R., Rojas-Bracho,
Form current as of November 2010
275
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
L., Secchi, E., Slooten, E., Smith, B.D., Wang, J.Y. & Zhou, K. 2008. Orcaella brevirostris
(Mahakam River subpopulation). In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version
2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 March 2011.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Jefferson, T.A. 2000. Population biology of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin in Hong Kong waters.
Wildlife Monographs 144: 65pp.
Jefferson, T.A. and B.E. Curry. 1994. A global review of porpoise (Cetacean: Phocoenidae) mortality
in gillnets. Biological Conservation 67: 167-183.
Form current as of November 2010
276
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Kasuya, T. 1972. Growth and reproduction of Stenella coeruleoalba based on age determination by
means of dentinal growth layers. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 24: 57-79.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Kearney, R.E., Andrew, N.L. and West, R.J. 1996, Some issues in the management of Australia's
marine and coastal fisheries resources, Ocean and Coastal Management 33(1-3): 133-146.
Kreb, D. and K.D. Rahadi. 2004. Living under an aquatic freeway: effects of boats on Irrawaddy
dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in a coastal and riverine environment in Indonesia. Aquatic
Mammals 30(3): 363-375.
Form current as of November 2010
277
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Lawler, I.R., Parra, G.J. and Noad, M. 2007. Vulnerability of marine mammals in the Great Barrier
Reef to climate change. In. Climate change and the Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability
assessment. Eds J.E. Johnson and P.A. Marshall, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and
Australian Greenhouse Office, Townsville, pp 497-513.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Learmonth. 2006. Potential effects of climate change on marine mammals. Oceanography and
Marine Biology: An annual review 44: 431-464.
Lewison, R.L., L.B. Crowder., A.J. Read. And S.A. Freeman. 2004. Understanding impacts of fisheries
bycatch on marine megafauna. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:598-604.
Form current as of November 2010
278
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Lough, J.M. 2007, Climate and climate change on the Great Barrier Reef, in Climate change and the
Great Barrier Reef: a vulnerability assessment, eds J.E. Johnson and P.A. Marshall, Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority and Australian Greenhouse Office, Townsville, pp. 15-50, viewed
09/02/2011, <http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/22590/chapter02climate-scenarios.pdf>.
Lusseau, D., L. Slooten. and R.J.C. Currey. 2006. Unsustainable dolphin-watching tourism in Fiordland,
New Zealand. Tourism in Marine Environments. 3(2): 173-178.
Form current as of November 2010
279
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
McCarthy, M.A. and Thompson, C. 2001. Expected minimum population size as a measure of threat,
Animal Conservation 4: 351-355.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Mann, J., R.C. Connor., L. Barre. And M. Heithaus. 2000. Female reproductive success in bottlenose
dolphins (Tursiops sp.): life history, habitat, provising and group size effects. Behavioural
Ecology 11: 210-219.
Marsh, H., Bradley, J., Parra, G., Grech, A., Whiting, S., Beasley, I., Johnson, S., Barret, D.,
Fitzpatrick, N., Friday, G., Johnston, A., Keighran, F., Miller, R., Norma, Laura., Norman, Leonard,
Pracy, D., and the Yanyuwa families. 2010. Yarrbanthawu ki-Miriyiyu: Looking for dolphins.
Form current as of November 2010
280
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Developing a decision based process based on expert knowledge to inform the management of
dugongs and coastal dolphins in northern Australia: The Yantuwa sea country in the Northern
Territory as a case study. Published by the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James
Cook University, Townsville, pp.46.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Marsh, H., I. R. Lawler., D. Kwan., S. Delean., K. Pollock. and M. Alldredge. 2006. Aerial surveys and
the potential biological removal technique indicate that the Torres Strait dugong fishery is
unsustainable. Animal Conservation 7(4): 435-443.
Marsh, H.M., G. De’ath., N. Gribble. and B. Lane. 2005. Historical marine population estimates:
Form current as of November 2010
281
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
triggers or targets for conservation? The dugong case study. Ecological Applications 15(2): 481492.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Marsh, H., A. N. M. Harris, and I. R. Lawler. 2003. The Sustainability of the Indigenous Dugong
Fishery in Torres Strait, Australia / Papua New Guinea. Conservation Biology 11(6) 1375-1386.
Marsh. H. 2000. Evaluating management initiatives aimed at reducing the mortality of dugongs in gill
and mesh nets in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area.
Marsh H.. Lloze R, Heinsohn G.E. & T. Kasuya. 1989. Irrawaddy dolphin Orcaella brevirostris.
Form current as of November 2010
282
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Ridgeway S.H. & R. Harrison, eds. Handbook of Marine Mammals. River Dolphins and the Larger
Toothed Whales. Vol 4:101-118.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Martien, K.K., B.L. Taylor., E, Slooten. And S. Dawson. 1999. A sensitivity analysis to guide research
and management for Hector’s dolphin. Biological Conservation 90: 183-191.
Miller, C. 2007. Current status and knowledge of cetacean threats, diversity and habitats in the Pacific
Islands Region. WDCS Australian Inc. 98pp.
Morizur, Y., S.D. Berrow., N.J.C. Tregenza., A.S. Couperus. and S. Pouvreau. 1999. Incidental
Form current as of November 2010
283
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
catches of marine mammals in pelagic trawl fisheries of the northeast Atlantic. Fisheries
Research 41: 297-307.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Murdoch, E.M., Reif, J.S., Mazzoil, M., McCulloch, S.D., Fair, P.A. and Bossart, G.D. 2008, Lobomycosis
in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: estimation of
prevalence, temporal trends, and spatial distribution, EcoHealth 5(3): 289-297.
Newman. S.J., Skepper, C. and R. McAuley, 2004. Kimberly gillnet and barramundi managed fishery
status report. http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/docs/sof/2004/sof20042005-0403-05.pdf
Form current as of November 2010
284
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Northridge, S.P. 1991. Driftnet fisheries and their impacts on non-target species: a worldwide review.
FAO Fisheries technical Paper No. 320.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Nowacek, P.D., Thorne, H. L., Johnston, W, D., Tyack, L.P. 2007. Response of cetaceans to
anthropogenic noise. Marine Mammal Review. 37 (2): 81-115
Palmer, C. 2010. Darwin Harbour coastal dolphin project. Department of Natural Resources,
Environment, Arts and Sport. Unpublished Interim Report. 12pp.
Palmer, C. 2009. Ecology of the Australian snubfin Orcaella heinsohni and Indo-Pacific humpback
Form current as of November 2010
285
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Sousa chinensis dolphins in Kakadu National Park. Department of Natural Resources,
Environment, Arts and Sport. Unpublished Interim Report 3. 16pp.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Palmer, C., P. Fitzgerald, A. Wod., and A. McKenzie. 2008. Final Report: Monitoring and assessment of
inshore dolphins in Cobourg Marine Park. Conservation Assessment of Priority Non-Fish Marine
Threatened Species in the NT: Project no. 2007/134. Unpublished report. 21pp.
Parra G.J. and M. Jedensjö. 2009. Feeding habits of Australian Snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and IndoPacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). Project Report to the Great Barrier Reef Marine
Park Authority, Townsville and Reef & Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (22pp.).
Form current as of November 2010
286
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Parra, G.J. 2005. Behavioural ecology of Irrawaddy, Orcaella brevirostris (Owen in Gray, 1866), and
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765), in northeast Queensland,
Australia: a comparative study. Ph.D. Thesis. Townsville: James Cook University.
Parra, G.J., P.J. Corkeron. And H. Marsh. 2006a. Population sizes, site fidelity and residence patterns
of Australian snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins: Implications for conservation.
Biological Conservation 129: 167-180.
Parra, G.J. 2006b. Spatial distribution and environmental correlates of Australian snubfin and Indo-
Form current as of November 2010
287
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Pacific humpback dolphins. Ecography 29:1-11.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Parra, G.J. 2006c. Resource partitioning in sympatric delphinids: Space use and habitat preferences of
Australian snubfin and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Journal of Animal Ecology. 75:862-874.
Parra, G.J., A.R. Preen, P.J. Corkeron, C. Azuma and H. Marsh 2002. Distribution of Irrawaddy
dolphins, Orcaella brevirostris, in Australian waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 10:141-154.
Parra, G.J. & P.J. Corkeron. 2001. Feasibility of using photo-identification techniques to study the
Irrawaddy dolphin, Orcaella brevirostris. Aquatic Mammals. 27:45-49.
Form current as of November 2010
288
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Paterson, R.A. 1990. Effects of long-term anti-shark measures on target and non-target species in
Queensland, Australia. Biological Conservation 52: 147-159.
Paterson, R.A., S.M. Van Dyck and I.C. Gynther. 1998. Irrawaddy dolphins Orcaella brevirostris
(Owen in Gray) from southern Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 42(2): 554.
Perrin, W.F., G.P. Donovan. and J. Barlow. Gillnets and cetaceans. International Whaling Commission
- Special Issue 15. 629pp.
Form current as of November 2010
289
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Pichler, F., E. Slooten. And S. Dawson. 2003. Hector’s dolphins and fisheries in New Zealand: A
species at risk. In. Marine mammals: fisheries, tourism and management issues. Eds Gales, N.,
M. Hindell. And R. Kirkwood. CSIRO Publishing, Australia. 446pp.
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Port of Townsville. 2011. Port development Planning. http://www.townsvilleport.com.au/content/view/179/180/.
Queensland Government. 2011a. Balaclava Coal Terminal.
http://www.dlgp.qld.gov.au/resources/project/balaclava-coal/bicet-ias-figure-4-3.pdf
Form current as of November 2010
290
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brevirostris. There are proven clear and consistent genetic,
cranial and external morphometric and colouration differences between
these two species (Beasley et al. 2002; Beasley et al. 2005)
Queensland Government. 2011b. Port of Gladstone Western Basin Dredging and Disposal Project.
http://www.dip.qld.gov.au/projects/transport/harbours-and-ports/port-of-gladstone-westernbasin-strategic-dredging-and-disposal-project.html
5. Is this species taxonomically distinct
(Taxonomic distinctiveness – a measure
of how unique a species is relative to
other species)?
Queensland Government 2011c. Townsville Ocean Terminal.
http://www.dip.qld.gov.au/projects/tourism-arts-and-recreation/cruise-terminals/townsvilleocean-terminal.html.
Queensland Government. 2011d. Maritime Development Areas.
http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/environmental_management/coast_and_oceans/coastal_manageme
Form current as of November 2010
291
Nomination for 2011 Assessment Period – Orcaella heinsohni
Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological
Conservation Theme
1. Not applicable - there is no
conservation theme for the 2011
assessment period.
N/A
Although there are no national abundance estimates for Australian snubfin
dolphins around Australia, the information provided in this nominations
provides evidence for:
A2. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30% over the last
three generations, where the reduction or its causes have not
ceased’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in quality of habitat, and (d)
actual of potential levels of exploitation
A3. ‘A suspected population size reduction of >30%, to be met within
the next three generations’ (Criterion 1), based on (c) a decline in
quality of habitat, and (d) actual of potential levels of exploitation, and that
Snubfin dolphin ‘Geographic distribution is precarious for the survival
of the species’ (Criterion 2) based on (a) severely fragmented, or known
to exist at a limited location, and b(iii) continuing decline, observed,
inferred or projected in area, extent and/or quality of habitat.
Taxonomy
2. What are the currently accepted
scientific and common name/s for the
species (please include Indigenous
names, where known)?
Note any other scientific names that have
been used recently. Note the species
authority and the Order and Family to
which the species belongs (Family name
alone is sufficient for plants, however,
both Order and Family name are
required for insects).
3. Is this species conventionally
accepted? If not, explain why. Is there
any controversy about the taxonomy?
4. If the species is NOT conventionally
accepted, please provide:
(i) a taxonomic description of the species in a
form suitable for publication in conventional
scientific literature; OR
(ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a
specimen of the species and a written
statement signed by a person who has
relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or
is a published author, on the class of species
nominated), that the person thinks the
species is a new species.
Class – Cetacea (Brisson 1762)
Family – Delphinidae (Gray 1821)
Genus – Orcaella (Gray 1866)
Species – heinsohni (Beasley et al. 2005)
Common name - Australia snubfin dolphin
Indigenous names
Yanuwa Sea Country (Gulf of Carpentaria) – wundumarlamarla (Marsh et
al. 2010).
Yes
NA
The Australian snubfin dolphin [hereafter referred to as snubfin dolphin]
was first described by Beasley et al (2005). Since its description, the
snubfin dolphin has been widely accepted in the scientific and popular
literature.
Yes
The closest relative to the snubfin dolphin is the Irrawaddy dolphin,
Orcaella brev