ALAT MID-TERM EXAMINATION
1) The largest government agency fostering biomedical research with direct
financial support is the _____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Howard Hughes Institute
Robert Wood-Johnson Foundation
National Science Foundation
National Institutes of Health
2) The name of the publication, which lists methods of euthanasia available, and
guidelines for their use, is the _____________________.
a) Guidelines for Euthanasia of Laboratory Animals
b) Policy for the Humane Euthanasia of Laboratory Animals Used in
Research
c) Formulary for the Euthanasia of Laboratory Animals
d) AVMA Panel on Euthanasia
3) Once a veterinarian has studied, successfully passed the ACLAM
examination and become board certified, they are called ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fellows
Diplomates
Post-doctorates
Residents
4) The acronyms for the various levels of certification of animal care technicians,
placed in the order of the least advanced to most advanced (left to right), is
_____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
LAT; LATG; RLATG; ALAT
ALAT; LAT; LATG; RLATG
LATG; LAT; RLATG; ALAT
RLATG; ALAT; LATG; ALAT
5) _______________________ is a recognized veterinary specialty that deals
with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases in laboratory
animals.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Laboratory Animal Science
Laboratory Animal Medicine
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine
1
6) The acronym “NABR” stands for ________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
National Affiliation for Biomedical Research
National Alliance for Biomedical Research
National Alliance of Biomedical Researchers
National Association for Biomedical Research
7) The acronym “SOP” stands for _____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sample operational plan
Single operational program
Standard operating plan
Standard operating procedure
8) Which of the following warm-blooded vertebrates is not regulated by the
Animal Welfare Act?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Guinea pigs
Rabbits
Wild mice
Rats
9) The USDA annual report must be submitted by ______________ of each
year.
a)
b)
c)
d)
July 1st
October 1st
December 1st
January 1st
10) Who prepares the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
AAALAC
iiFAR
ILAR
ACLAM
11) Which of the following is not a responsibility of the Institutional Animal Care
and Use Committee, as defined by the Animal Welfare Act and Public Health
Service Policy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Review research protocols
Act as a political action committee
Inspect animal facilities
Oversee the animal research program
2
12) The written document that an investigator must complete, and submit to their
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, if they plan to use animals in
research is called the ___________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Animal use protocol
Animal use grant
Research use protocol
Research use grant
13) The Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus atys) is very susceptible to
leprosy and the disease develops in this animal in a pattern similar to
humans. Therefore, the Sooty Mangabey would be considered an
_________ for this human disease.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mirror model
Zoonotic model
Clone
Animal model
14) The word, “hyperglycemia”, has the suffix _____, The root ________, and the
prefix __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
emia; glyc; hyper
hyper; emia; glyc
ia; glycem; hyper
glyce; mia; hyper
15) The fundamental unit(s) of matter is/are _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nitrogen
Carbon
Electrons
Atoms
16) One kilogram is equal to approximately ____________pounds (lbs).
a)
b)
c)
d)
1.8 lbs
2.0 lbs
2.2 lbs
2.6 lbs
3
17)
The term “dermo” refers to the _________________.
a) Heart
b) Stomach
c) Nerve
d) Skin
18) The term “gastro” refers to the ________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Intestines
Stomach
Liver
Blood
19) The standard symbol for the element “iron” is _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Na
Ca
H
Fe
20) The standard symbol for the element “sodium” is _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Na
Ca
Pa
So
21) A gram is a unit of __________________in the metric system.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Weight
Distance
Volume
Length
22) In designing an animal experiment, a protocol that plans for the use of drugs
after surgery to minimize distress or pain in animals is an example of:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Replacement
Refinement
Responsibility
Reduction
4
23) Which of the following is the correct formula for the conversion of Fahrenheit
degrees to Celsius degrees?
a)
b)
c)
d)
F=5/9 (C-32)
C=5/9 (F-32)
F=9/5 (C-32)
C=9/5 (F-32)
24) Cagewash temperature should be 1800 F. What is this temperature on the
Celsius scale?
a)
b)
c)
d)
00 C
370 C
820 C
1000 C
25) A bony structure which distinguishes most laboratory animal models as
vertebrates is the _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cranium (brain case)
tailbone (coccyx)
vertebral column (spine)
dorsal nervous system
26) Consider the terms – tissue, organ and cell. If they are placed in the order of
less complicated to more complicated they would be correctly arranged as
______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Organ; tissue; cell
Cell; tissue; organ
Tissue; cell; organ
Cell; organ; tissue
27) Organelles are _______________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
nutrients in the cytoplasm used by the cell for growth and survival
structures used to produce energy for the animal
structures which assist the DNA in separating during cell division
inorganic salts needed to support growth of the cell
5
28) Bilateral symmetry refers to the fact that _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
there are five digits on the right hand and foot
most structures are the same on each side of the body
every organ system in the body is duplicated
an anterior-posterior (sagittal) line through the body would separate
many duplicated organs
29) The anatomic term “caudal” means “towards the _________________”.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Head
Middle of the body
Foot
Tail
30) The anatomical term “dorsal” means “towards the __________________.”
a)
b)
c)
d)
Abdomen
Back
Head
Rear
31) An example of epithelial tissue is/are _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tendons
Spinal cord
Mucosal lining of the mouth
Ligaments
32) The phalanges are located in the ____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fingers
Pelvis
Ankle
Shoulder
33) The ilium is located in the _____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Wrist
Ankle
Pelvis
Shoulder
6
34) The heart in mammals and birds lies in the ______________cavity.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Abdominal
Pleural
Peritoneal
Thoracic
35) The function of capillaries are to _____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Filter the blood
Recover lost blood
Deliver oxygen to the blood
Deliver oxygen to the tissues
36) The function of veins are to _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Bring blood back to the heart
Carry blood from the heart
Pump blood to the tissues
Filter the blood
37) Which of the following is not a section of the ruminant stomach?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Rumen
Diverticulum
Abomasum
Reticulum
38) An internal skeleton is called a _____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Exoskeleton
Carapace
Chitin
Endoskeleton
39) The largest artery of the body is the ___________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Vena cava
Portal artery
Jugular artery
Aorta
7
40) The smallest blood vessels are __________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Venules
Capillaries
Lymphatics
Arterioles
41) Rabbits are ______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Omnivores
Herbivores
Carnivores
Insectivores
42) The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an animals’ body is
called ________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Homeothermy
Homeostasis
Poikliothermy
Poikilostasis
43) When an egg is fertilized, it begins to divide. This process is called
______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Schizogony
Meiosis
Mitosis
Schizosis
44) The special fat that is found in newborns and some young adult animals that
can be metabolized very rapidly to provide heat to increase or maintain body
temperature is called _________________.
a) Yellow fat
b) Brown fat
c) Thermal fat
d) Energy fat
45) The normal main source of energy in body metabolism is _______________.
a) Carbohydrates
b) Fat
c) Protein
d) Lipids
46) The correct order of occurrence (from left to right) of reproductive events
seen in a breeding program is _________________________.
8
a)
b)
c)
d)
Weaning; ovulation; gestation; lactation; parturition
Lactation; parturition; ovulation; gestation; weaning
Ovulation; gestation; parturition; lactation; weaning
Parturition; weaning; ovulation; gestation; lactation
47) Two species in which the male and female are usually paired only for
breeding and then separated are _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mice and guinea pigs
Rabbits and rats
Chinchillas and mice
Rabbits and hamsters
48) ___________ is the person who plans and coordinates all phases of the
research work and is ultimately responsible for reporting research findings to
the scientific community.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Principal Investigator
Research Associates
Attending Veterinarian
Chief Executive Officer
49) A gene is _______________________.
a) The part of the chromosome responsible for expressing a trait
b) A cell with only half the number of chromosomes coming from the
female
c) An ovum when successfully fertilized by a person
d) A cell with only half the number of chromosomes coming from the
male
50) The most reliable method for permanent identification of nonhuman primates
is a(n):
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ear punch
Tattoo
Leg band
Collar with tag
9
51) The two groups of animals in which sperm and eggs are fertilized internally
but in which the zygote develops externally are
________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Birds, reptiles
Birds, mammals
Marsupials, birds
Mammals, reptiles
52) The acronym IACUC stands for:
a)
b)
c)
d)
International Animal Committee for Use in Connecticut
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Institute for Animal Care and Use Commission
Ill Animals Conference and Union Committee
53) The inner surface of the rabbit ear makes an ideal location to place a tattoo,
but one must be careful not to puncture which vessel?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Medial ear artery
Lateral saphenous vein
Medial saphenous vein
Lateral ear vein
54) ___________ is the study of the chemical reactions occurring in living things.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Physical chemistry
Biochemistry
Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
55) A hand-held instrument that is used to measure airflow is called a ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Spectrophotometer
Scintillator
Anemometer
Laminar flow unit
56) White blood cells are also known as:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cyanocytes
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
10
57) The recommended width for a hallway in an animal facility is
_______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
6-8 feet
5-7 feet
7-9 feet
8-10 feet
58) Any institution using radioactive materials must conform to the guidelines of
the __________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nuclear Regulatory Committee
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Nuclear Guidelines Committee
Nuclear Guidelines Commission
59) The ILAR Guide recommends a room ventilation rate of ______to ______
exchanges of fresh air per hour.
a)
b)
c)
d)
8-12
10-15
12-20
15-25
60) Prolonged, low relative humidity is associated with which disease in rodents?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Slobbers
Ringworm
Otitis
Ringtail
61) Trace the flow of blood through the heart from venous (deoxygenated)
system to arterial (oxygenated) system.
a) Right atrium>Aorta>Lungs>Left ventricle>Pulmonary vein>Jugular vein
b) Jugular vein>Right atrium>Right ventricle>Pulmonary
artery>Lungs>Left atrium>Left ventricle>Aorta
c) Aorta>Left atrium>Pulmonary vein>Lungs>Right ventricle>Right
atrium>Left ventricle>Pulmonary artery
d) Left ventricle>Left atrium>lungs>Pulmonary vein>Right atrium>Right
ventricle>Pulmonary artery>Jugular vein
11
62) Which federal agency regulates the use of biohazardous pathogens and
publishes guidelines for the handling of organisms and infected animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
USDA
CDC
APHIS
FDA
63) Q-fever commonly infects which of the following species of laboratory
animal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mice
Rats
Amphibians
Sheep
64) Which of the following is the most commonly used tissue preservative?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Peracetic acid
Acid citrate
Sodium hypochlorite
Formalin
65) What does BSL stand for?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Biological safety laboratory
Biologically safe levels
Biosafety laboratory
Biosafety levels
66) Which of the following documents provides specific guidelines for cage sizes
for common laboratory animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
USDA Animal Welfare Act
PHS Policy
ILAR’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
IACUC Policy
67) Which of the following documents establish minimum standards for cage
sizes for common laboratory animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
USDA Animal Welfare Act
PHS Policy
ILAR’s Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
IACUC policy
12
68) The type of caging material that has high impact strength, is transparent and
can withstand high temperatures is ___________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
Polycarbonate
Polyethylene
69) A fertilized egg is called a(n):
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ova
Zygote
Ovum
Oocyte
70) Strains are considered inbred after being mated for _____generations.
a)
b)
c)
d)
10
20
40
100
71) A breeding scheme in which animals share one or a few common distant
ancestors is called ____________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
In breeding
Cross breeding
Out breeding
Line breeding
72) The amount of hours of light which is best for most breeding colonies is
________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
8-10
10-12
12-14
14-16
73) A numbered leg band can be used as a method of identification in which
species?
a) Woodchuck
b) Opossum
c) Amphibian
d) Chicken
74) When tattooing dark colored breed rabbits, what color ink is normally used?
13
a)
b)
c)
d)
Red
Green
White
Yellow
75) Isolation rooms, like quarantine rooms, should operate on a
________________ pressure air supply to prevent any disease organisms
from leaving the room.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Positive
Forced
Injected
Negative
76) A zoonotic disease is a disease that is transmitted from ________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gnotobiotic animals to axenic animals
Guarantined animals to barrier maintained animals
Animals to animals
Animals to humans
77) The process by which the number of bacteria and other organisms is reduced
enough to prevent disease and meet an acceptable public health standard is
called _________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Disinfection
Sanitation
Steam sterilization
Cold sterilization
78) How many compartments make up the rumen stomach?
a)
b)
c)
d)
1
2
3
4
79) Chemical descalers are applied to cages to remove urine scale. Descalers
are usually a(n) _______solution.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alkaline
Phosphate
Boric acid
Acid
14
80) The acronym PPE stands for ________________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Protective Personal Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment
Preferred Personal Equipment
Preferred Protective Equipment
81) Which of the following is not a disease that can normally be transmitted from
humans to non-human primates?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Herpes B
Tuberculosis
Measles
Salmonellosis
82) What is the primary technique used for feed analysis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Proximate analysis
Certified analysis
Ash analysis
Analytical analysis
83) Gnotobiotic animals are animals that __________________________.
a) Harbor no detectable bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms
b) Are carefully monitored to be sure they don’t harbor certain pathogenic
organisms
c) Are nearly devoid of microrganisms and have been provided with
known bacteria
d) Carry an unknown, uncontrolled variety and number of organisms
84) Another term for gnotobiotic is __________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Defined flora
Axenic
Specific pathogen free
Viral antibody free
85) Dyspnea means ___________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
An organ that is protruding externally
Secretions of a wet material from a body opening
Difficulty breathing
Constant itching
15
86) Pruritus is defined as ________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Paleness in an animals skin or mucous membrane
Listlessness
Hair loss
Constant or frequent scratching
87) Diseases in animals that are present but which do not make animals appear
sick are called ______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Preclinical
Subclinical
Nonclinical
Protoclinical
88) The decision to administer medications to an animal is the responsibility of
the _____________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Clinical veterinarian
Principle investigator
Research technician
Facility manager
89) Subcutaneous means ____________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
In the muscle
Into the abdominal cavity
Into a vein
Under the skin
90) When an ointment is applied to an animals’ eye, the route of administration is
said to be ________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Inhalational
Intravenous
Topical
Intraperitoneal
91) In what species of animal is the intraperitoneal route of administration of
drugs used most often?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mice
Dogs
Rabbits
Non-human primates
16
92) A specialist who studies disease is called a _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Oncologist
Pharmacologist
Pathologist
Ophthamologist
93) A vector is ____________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
A transmissible disease
A living creature that can carry disease organisms
A nonliving object that can carry disease organisms
Any person or object that can carry disease organisms
94) A detailed accurate account of observed events that lead to the diagnosis of
a condition is called a _______________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Prognosis
Treatment
History
Diagnostic report
95) A drug that is used to relieve pain and does not render the animal
unconscious is known as an __________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Antibiotic
Analgesic
Anesthetic
Anti-inflammatory
96) Female animals mate only during specific times. The particular phase of the
estrous cycle that the female allows mating is referred to as:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ovulation
Estrus
Parturition
Copulation
97) What government agency is in charge of preparing standards and enforcing
the Animal Welfare Act?
a)
b)
c)
d)
AAALAC, International
USDA
FDA
OLAW
17
98) What is the name of the voluntary accreditation organization that inspects
and accredits animal care programs?
a)
b)
c)
d)
USDA
PHS
NIH
AAALAC, International
99) What do the 3R’s stand for in reference to animal experimentation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Replacement, Refinement, Reduction
Refinement, Reduction, Responsibility
Replacement, Refinement, Responsibility
Reduction, Replacement, Repent
100) Which organization is against the use of animals in biomedical research,
food production, and clothing?
a)
b)
c)
d)
NABR
AMP
PETA
iiFAR
101) Which of the following nutrients is essential for guinea pigs, nonhuman
primates and humans to prevent the development of scurvy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
102) Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
a)
b)
c)
d)
A, D, E, K
A, B, C, K
A, C, D, K
A, K, B, E
103) What type of diet has the nutrients analyzed and measured for
contaminants, such as pesticides, heavy metals and hormones?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Purified diet
Chemical diet
Autoclavable diet
Certified diet
18
104) A double notch in the bottom of the right ear and a single notch in the
center of the left ear indicate what identification number in a mouse?
a)
b)
c)
d)
17
59
41
92
105) If the genes for coat color in a guinea pig are the same, the animal is said
to be:
a)
b)
c)
d)
heterozygous for coat color
dominant for coat color
homozygous for coat color
recessive for coat color
106) In a rodent-breeding colony, which type of breeding scheme should be
used to obtain maximum heterozygosity in the shortest period of time?
a)
b)
c)
d)
outbreeding
inbreeding
cross breeding
monogamous breeding
107) In anatomical terms, away from the midline of the body is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Medial
Lateral
Rostral
Cranial
108) Identify the system that is responsible for protection from pathogens and
maintenance of metabolic functions.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Excretory system
Circulatory system
Integumentary system
Digestive system
109) Which of the following is an example of an endocrine organ?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Liver
Lungs
Heart
Thyroid
19
110) An animal room, which does not use special cages and procedures to
prevent exposure to microbes, is considered what type of animal room?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Barrier
Conventional
Dirty
Gnotobiotic
111) In an animal room, the cage shelving, garbage can, and procedure table
are considered part of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Macroenvironment
Microenvironment
Animal environment
Room environment
112) Rodent barrier rooms should be ventilated at which type of pressure
towards the hallway?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Positive pressure
Negative pressure
Neutral pressure
It does matter all of the rodents are SPF
113) The destruction of all organisms on an object is referred to as:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Disinfection
Sanitization
Sterilization
Pasteurization
114) Most institutions who follow the standards outlined in the ILAR Guide for
the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals change solid bottom rodent cages
at least:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Once every two weeks
Once or twice a week
Three times a week
Once a month
20
115) Ear protection should be worn in all areas in which the average noise level
is ______ or greater.
a)
b)
c)
d)
75 decibels
80 decibels
85 decibels
90 decibels
116) Which types of animals are reared in isolators and have a defined
microbial status?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Specific pathogen-free
Conventional
Axenic
Gnotobiotic
117) Which term can also be used to describe germfree animals?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Defined flora
Gnotobiotic
VAF
Axenic
118) Which of the following is not a fomite?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Broom
Glove
Sipper tube
Mosquito
119) What term is used to identify normal healthy rodents that receive dirty
bedding from experimental animals for the purpose of disease surveillance?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tactical
Sentinel
Surveillance
Patrol
120) What government agency is in charge of preparing standards and
enforcing the Public Health Service Policy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
FDA
NIH
USDA
OLAW
21