Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
ANSWERS AT THE END OF THE PACKET
Study Guide DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, and Meiosis
1. Create a complementary base sequence of mRNA that
complements the following DNA:
CTGCAGTTAAAGACG. 2. Create a complementary base
sequence of DNA that complements the following DNA:
CTGCAGTTAAAGACG
3. Review the qualities of DNA
4. In DNA:
Guanine pairs with:
Adenine pairs with:
5. In RNA:
Guanine pairs with:
Adenine pairs with:
6. The function of DNA is:
7. What are genes?
8. How does allele, gene, and chromosome relate?
9. What are the steps in protein synthesis?
10. What is a codon?
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
11. Relate the following vocabulary to each other:
DNA
RNA
Protein synthesis
Gene
Allele
Trait
12. Understand what happens during each stage of meiosis:
Interphase
Meiosis I:
Meisosis II:
13. Compare and contrast the cell cycle and meiosis?
14. Define homologous chromosomes and explain their role in
meiosis.
15. How many daughter cells are produced by the cell cycle?
How do they relate to the parent cell and to each other?
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
16. How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis? How do
the daughter cells relate to the parent cell and to one another?
17. Describe the three types of mutations we learned about:
deletion:
addition:
substitution:
18. What effects can mutations have?
19. What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell?
20. Define somatic cells and what type of cell they are (diploid
or haploid)?
21. During fertilization, one sperm cell and one egg cell comes
together to make the zygote (new diploid cell). How many
chromosomes will each gamete (sex) cell contribute to the new
cell?
22. A haploid cell + haploid cell = ?
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
23. If a diploid body cell has 26 chromosomes, then how many
chromosomes will the haploid sex cell of that organism have?
Study Guide DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, and Meiosis
1. Create a complementary base sequence of mRNA that
complements the following DNA:
CTGCAGTTAAAGACG.
Complementary: GACGUCAAUUUCUGC
2. Create a complementary base sequence of DNA that
complements the following DNA:
CTGCAGTTAAAGACG
Complementary: GACGTCAATTTCTGC
3. Review the qualities of DNA
4. In DNA:
Guanine pairs with: CYTOSINE
Adenine pairs with: TYMINE
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
5. In RNA:
Guanine pairs with: CYTOSINE
Adenine pairs with: URACIL
6. The function of DNA is: TO GIVE THE BLUE PRINT FOR ALL
FUNCTIONS OF AN ORGANISM, INCLUDING INFORMATION TO
PASS ON TO ITS OFFSPRING.
7. What are genes? SECTIONS OF DNA THAT CODE FOR A
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTIC.
8. How does allele, gene, and chromosome relate? ALLELES ARE
VARIATIONS OF A GENE, WHICH ARE IN CHROMOSOMES.
9. What are the steps in protein synthesis?
DNA unwinds and mRNA copies a specific GENE.
mRNA travels to cytoplasm and meets with rRNA (ribosome).
Ribosome reads the mRNA in triplets and allows tRNA to bring
the specific AMINO ACIDS according to the matching triplets.
Ribosome finishes reading the mRNA and finish linking the
Amino Acids together.
A protein (chain of amino acids) is made and it travels to its
destination.
10. What is a codon? A sequence of three nitrogen bases in the
mRNA (triplets).
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
11. Relate the following vocabulary to each other:
DNA
RNA
Protein synthesis
Gene
Allele
Trait
Variations of genes, called Alleles, in the DNA give the
information that will be carried by mRNA to make protein.
Proteins translate into traits.
12. Understand what happens during each stage of meiosis:
Interphase: DNA replicates.
Meiosis I:
Homologous chromosomes cross-over.
One diploid becomes 2 cells with the total number of
chromosomes.
Meisosis II:
Each of the two cells produced in Meiosis I divide one more
time, creating a total of 4 cells, but they have only HALF of the
total number of chromosomes (haploid cells):
13. Compare and contrast the cell cycle and meiosis?
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
Cell Cycle: Produces 2 daughter cells. Daughter cells are
identical to parent cell. It happens in body cells (somatic cells).
Cells produced have the same number of chromosomes as the
parent cell (2 full sets: diploid).
Meiosis: Produces 4 daughter cells. Daughter cells are different
from the parent cell since they have half the number of
chromosomes ( haploid). It happens in reproductive organs and
it creates gametes (sex cells).
14. Define homologous chromosomes and explain their role in
meiosis.
Chromosomes that have the same genes and the same structure
but come from different parents.
Homologous chromosomes cross-over during prophase I,
creating diversity in offspring.
15. How many daughter cells are produced by the cell cycle?
TWO
How do they relate to the parent cell and to each other?
They are identical: same number of chromosomes.
16. How many daughter cells are produced by meiosis?
FOUR
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
How do the daughter cells relate to the parent cell and to one
another?
To parent cell: They have half the number of chromosomes
To one another: They have different alleles due to crossing over.
17. Describe the three types of mutations we learned about:
deletion: One or more nitrogen base is erased.
addition: One or more nitrogen base is added.
substitution: One or more nitrogen bases are changed.
18. What effects can mutations have?
Positive: Increases the chance of survival and reproduction.
Negative: Decreases the chance of survival and reproduction.
Neutral: Does not affect the organism.
19. What is the difference between a haploid and diploid cell?
Haploid: Cells that carry ONE complete set of chromosomes (N).
Diploid: Cells that carry TWO complete sets of chromosomes
(2N).
20. Define somatic cells and what type of cell they are (diploid
or haploid)?
Body cells. Diploid.
Name:______________________________________Date:_________________Period:______________
21. During fertilization, one sperm cell and one egg cell comes
together to make the zygote (new diploid cell). How many
chromosomes will each gamete (sex) cell contribute to the new
cell?
Half the total number of chromosomes.
22. A haploid cell + haploid cell = DIPLOID
23. If a diploid body cell has 26 chromosomes, then how many
chromosomes will the haploid sex cell of that organism have?
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