Review - Roots, Stems, Leaves, Adaptations and Tropisms
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
____ 1. Tracheids and sieve tubes make up a xylem vessel.
____ 2. The outer protective layer of tissue on a vascular plant is known as the meristem.
____ 3. The main function of ground tissue is to conduct water and minerals.
____ 4. In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
____ 5. Primary plant growth occurs in apical meristems located at the tips of stems and roots.
____ 6. Cell division in meristems decreases the length and girth of a plant.
____ 7. Plants grow in length by adding new cells at the tips of their stems and roots.
____ 8. Plant shoots show negative gravitropism.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
____ 9. A vessel element is an elongated xylem cell with open ends that conduct water.
_________________________
____ 10. The evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaves is called perspiration.
_________________________
____ 11. A root cap is a tiny, single-celled extension of an epidermal cell that increases the surface
area of the root and absorbs water and minerals. _________________________
____ 12. Seedlings finding their way out of the soil and into the sunlight is an example of
photoperiodism. _________________________
____ 13. The growing tip of a climbing vine exhibits phototropism when it grows in a circling motion.
_________________________
____ 14. In some desert plants, a tuber is a stem that is specialized to store water.
_________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant. Label the diagram.
____ 15. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled A is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
____ 16. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of
elongated cells that connect end to end, is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
____ 17. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled C, which transports sugars from regions
where they are made, to regions where they are used, is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
The diagram below shows a portion of a plant’s vascular system. Label this diagram showing a
vascular cylinder.
____ 18. Refer to the illustration above. Structure B is known as a
a. tracheid.
c. vessel cell.
b. companion cell.
d. sieve tube cells.
The diagram below shows a leaf cross section. Label and know the functions of the parts
below.
____ 19. Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of
a. only xylem vessels.
c. both xylem and phloem vessels.
b. only phloem vessels.
d. neither xylem nor phloem vessels.
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
Word Bank
close
opens
water pressure
secondary
differentiation
heartwood
tropisms
primary growth
gravitropism
continuous
taproot
blade
secondary growth
vascular cambium
tropism
adapted
dicot
meristems
20. A(n) ____________________ is a plant's response to an external stimulus from a particular
direction.
21. The two main types of root systems are fibrous root systems and ____________________
systems.
22. The darker wood in the center of a tree trunk is called ____________________.
23. The broad, flat portion of a typical leaf is called the ____________________.
24. In ____________________ stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with ground
tissue surrounding the ring.
25. When the guard cells that surround a stoma fill with water, the stoma
____________________.
26. Changes in ____________________ ____________________ within the guard cells cause
stoma to open and close.
27. The loss of water in guard cells causes stomata to ____________________.
Figure 25–1
28. In Figure 25–1, the bean seedling’s roots emerge from the top of the seed, then curve around
and grow down. This plant response is called ____________________.
29. Plant responses to external stimuli are called ____________________, from a Greek word
meaning “turning.”
30. A desert plant that is transplanted to an aquatic environment likely would not survive because
it is not ____________________ to that environment.
31. A lateral meristem that produces secondary vascular tissue is called the
____________________ ____________________.
32. Growth that occurs from the formation of new cells at the tip of a plant is called
____________________ ____________________.
33. Growth that causes a plant to increase in width is called ____________________
____________________.
34. The process by which cells become specialized in form and function is called
____________________.
35. Plants grow in regions of active cell division at the tips of roots and shoots called
____________________.
36. The thickening of a plant body by the production of new xylem and phloem is called
____________________ growth.
37. Unlike animal development, plant development is ____________________ and reversible.
Short Answer
38. What are the functions of a root?
39. How do guard cells prevent a plant from drying out?
40. How does the arrangement of vascular tissue differ between monocot and dicot stems?
41. How does a dicot root differ from a monocot root?
42. Table 23-1 shows the transpiration rate of some plants measured in liters per day. Why would
the transpiration rate of the cactus be so much lower than that of the other plants?
Plant Transpiration Rate
Plant
Liters/day
Cactus
0.02
Tomato
1.00
Apple
19.00
Table 23-1
43. Hypothesize as to why the positive gravitropism of roots is an adaptive advantage for plants.
Figure 25–2
44. How is the cactus in Figure 25–2 adapted to prevent water loss through transpiration?
Other
45. Label the diagram of the plant cell.
Review - Roots, Stems, Leaves, Adaptations and Tropisms
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: F
DIF: I
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
2. ANS: F
DIF: I
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
3. ANS: F
DIF: I
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
4. ANS: F
DIF: I
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
5. ANS: T
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
6. ANS: F
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
7. ANS: T
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
8. ANS: T
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.2.3
STO: Bio 11A, Bio 11B
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
9. ANS: T
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
DIF: B
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1
10. ANS: F, transpiration
DIF: B
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
11. ANS: F, root hair
DIF: B
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
12. ANS: F, gravitropism
DIF: B
REF: p. 639
OBJ: 25.2.1
STO: TEKS 11B
OBJ: 25.2.1
STO: TEKS 11B
DIF: E
REF: p. 644, p. 645
13. ANS: F, thigmotropism
DIF: E
14. ANS: T
OBJ: 25.3.1
REF: p. 639
MULTIPLE CHOICE
15. ANS: D
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
16. ANS: B
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
17. ANS: C
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
18. ANS: D
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.1.1
STO: Bio 5A
19. ANS: C
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
COMPLETION
20. ANS: tropism
DIF: B
OBJ: 23-6
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 1
STO: 13(A), 13(B)
21. ANS: taproot
DIF: I
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
OBJ: 25.1.2
STO: Bio 5A
OBJ: 25.2.2
STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C
22. ANS: heartwood
DIF: II
23. ANS: blade
DIF: I
24. ANS: dicot
DIF: II
25. ANS: opens
DIF: I
26. ANS: water pressure
DIF: II
OBJ: 25.2.2
STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C
OBJ: 25.2.2
STO: TAKS 2 Bio 4B, Bio 10C
27. ANS: close
DIF: I
28. ANS: gravitropism
DIF: E
STO: TEKS 11B
29. ANS: tropisms
REF: p. 635, p. 639
OBJ: 25.2.1
DIF: B
REF: p. 639
OBJ: 25.2.1
STO: TEKS 11B
REF: p. 643
OBJ: 25.3.1
STO: TAKS 3, TEKS 13A
30. ANS: adapted
DIF: A
31. ANS: vascular cambium
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
32. ANS: primary growth
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
33. ANS: secondary growth
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
34. ANS: differentiation
DIF: I
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
OBJ: 26.1.3
STO: Bio 10C, TAKS 3 Bio 13A, Bio 13B
OBJ: 26.1.5
STO: Bio 5A
35. ANS: meristems
DIF: I
36. ANS: secondary
DIF: I
37. ANS: continuous
DIF: II
SHORT ANSWER
38. ANS:
The functions of a root are to anchor the plant in the ground, absorb water and minerals, and
transport these materials to the base of the stem.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 2
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
39. ANS:
Guard cells regulate the size of the openings of the stomata according to the amount of water
in the plant. When there is less water in tissues surrounding the guard cells, water leaves the
guard cells. The guard cells become shorter and thicker, reducing the size of the pore. The
smaller the pores, the less water will leave the plant.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 2
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
40. ANS:
In young dicot stems and stems that do not increase in thickness, xylem and phloem are
arranged in vascular bundles in the cortex. In older stems and all woody stems, the vascular
tissues form a cylinder between the cortex and the pith. The vascular bundles in a monocot
are scattered throughout the stem.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-2
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 2
STO: 5(A), 5(B), 5(C)
41. ANS:
The root structure differs in the arrangement of xylem and phloem. In dicots, xylem forms a
star-shaped mass at the center of the root. The phloem is nestled between the rays of the
star. In monocots, strands of xylem alternate with strands of phloem. Monocots usually have a
central core of cells called pith.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-3
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 2
STO: 5(A), 13(A)
42. ANS:
The cactus grows in dry places. It is adapted and transpires much less than the other plants.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-4
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 4
STO: 5(A), 13(A), 13(B)
43. ANS:
Positive gravitropism causes roots to grow downward in response to gravity. This is an
advantage because roots are likely to reach water as they grow downward.
DIF: A
OBJ: 23-6
MSC: Bloom's Taxonomy: 2
STO: 13(A), 13(B)
44. ANS:
The cactus has reduced leaves in the form of thin, sharp spines instead of leaves that
transpire.
DIF: A
OTHER
45. ANS:
Chapter 23 Art
REF: p. 644
OBJ: 25.3.1
STO: TAKS 3, TEKS 13A