Our ref: Your ref: Energy Consents & Deployment Unit Scottish Government 4th Floor, 5 Atlantic Quay 150 Broomielaw Glasgow G2 8LU 0300-244-1258 PCS 129280 If telephoning ask for: Julie Gerc 19 October 2013 By email only to EconsentsAdmin@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Dear Sir Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Acts Planning application: Section 36 Application for Linfairn Wind Farm Linfairn Wind Farm Thank you for your consultation letter which SEPA received on 01 October 2013. We object to this planning application on the grounds of lack of information with respect to Private Water Supplies (PWS). We will remove this objection if the issues detailed in Section no below are adequately addressed. We would also ask that the planning conditions in Section 2.3 and 3.1 be attached to the consent. If any of these will not be applied, then please consider this representation as an objection. Please also note the advice provided below. The supporting documentation (Vol 1, section 16 of the Environmental Statement) proposes possible micrositing of site infrastructure of up to 50m from the current layout to address environmental concerns. SEPA would have no issues with this scenario, should it result in reduced environmental impact. Please note, while micrositing infrastructure may, in theory, address some of our concerns it may be considered unacceptable to other parties consulted by the Scottish Government through the planning process. Advice for the planning authority 1. Ground Water 1.1 The Environmental Statement indicates the existence of a Private Water Supply (PWS) about 60m from the main access track (within the 100m buffer zone) in the north of the site. This is referred to as PWS1 and is described as being a spring supply for Threethorns property. The property is also believed to be served by mains supply. Ideally the number of people served from the PWS would also be provided. 1.2 The applicant has assessed the impact on this supply as low to negligible since PWS1 is located up-gradient of the track. However the assessment assumes that groundwater flow direction follows the site topography. There are no details about the precise location or nature of the PWS and this should be confirmed. 1.3 PWS1 falls within the buffer zone, and either an alternative track route should be proposed or further information with investigations should be provided. Quantitative hydrogeological assessments must demonstrate that the risk to the groundwater abstractions are not significant by establishing the size of the Zone of Contribution feeding groundwater to the water supply and identifying the proportion of flow that will be reduced as a consequence of any construction. The assessment should take account of the impact of the reduction in flow on the level of water in the supply as compared with the pump or outflow level. Where an impact on a water supply is established, the applicant should agree with the owner of the abstraction to provide an alternative supply. 2. Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs) and pollution prevention 2.1 A site specific Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) should be submitted for the approval of the Planning Authority in consultation with SEPA. 2.2 Adopting this approach provides a useful link between the principles of development which need to be outlined at the early stages of the project and the method statements which are usually produced following the award of contracts. 2.3 We would ask that a condition is attached to any planning permission granted, such that the CEMP is submitted for approval to the determining authority and would recommend at least two months and no less than three weeks, prior to the proposed commencement (or relevant phase) of development. This time period should provide consultees with sufficient time to assess the information. 2.4 The document should incorporate detailed pollution prevention and mitigation measures for all construction elements potentially capable of giving rise to pollution during all phases of construction, reinstatement after construction and final site decommissioning. It should also include any site specific Construction Method Statements provided by the contractor as required by the planning authority and statutory consultees. Certain techniques, which aren’t necessarily covered within guidance, e.g. clean water cut off trenches, frequent use of staggered silt trap ponds along the road system etc can avoid problems arising in the first instance. 2.5 All works must comply with General Binding Rules (GBR) 10 and 11 of the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011(as amended) (CAR). The applicant/operator should set up an appropriate water quality monitoring regime to obtain baseline data prior to any works commencing. The monitoring location and analytical determinants should be agreed with SEPA before any monitoring is undertaken. 2.6 A robust surface water management plan should be included in the Construction Environmental Management Plans (CEMPs) and we should be informed of any updated designs as they become available. 3. Waste Management Plan 3.1 There are significant waste management implications associated with surplus peat and forest waste produced on this site. We would ask that a condition is attached to any planning permission granted such that a waste management plan, dealing with all waste including peat and forest material, is submitted for approval to the determining authority and would recommend at least two months and no less than three weeks, prior to the proposed commencement (or relevant phase) of development. This time period should provide consultees with sufficient time to assess the information. 3.2 Details for dealing with surplus peat and any other waste, including estimated volumes and the possible need for offsite disposal with any required authorisations should be provided. 3.3 Any peat excavated should be characterised and consideration given to its condition/liquid content. Relevant waste licences/exemptions will require to be obtained. 3.4 The Environmental Statement lacks specific details with regard to the reuse of peat or the use of brash on site. The developer should refer to our guidance, particularly regarding the limitations for the reuse of these materials, prior to submission of the waste management plan. SEPA will be in a position to provide detailed guidance when we are in receipt of more specific plans. 4. Ecology 4.1 It has been proposed that certain turbines will be microsited to avoid areas of more highly ground water dependent GWDTE’s where possible and I would draw your attention to our comments in our introduction concerning micrositing. 4.2 It has been calculated that there will be insufficient quantities of acrotelmic peat for the proposed reuse and that some use of catotelmic peat for top layer reinstatement will be needed. SEPA would not anticipate any major concerns over a possible reduction in width of the 3m wide track verges to deal with this scenario. 4.3 Further details on forestry operations will be required. 5. Flood Risk 5.1 We have no objection to the proposed development on flood risk grounds. Notwithstanding this we would expect Ayr and Dumfries and Galloway Councils to undertake their responsibilities as the Flood Prevention Authorities. 5.2 We have reviewed the information provided in this consultation and it is noted that the application site (or parts thereof) lies within the 1 in 200 year (0.5% annual probability) flood envelope of the Indicative River & Coastal Flood Map (Scotland), and may therefore be at medium to high risk of flooding. 5.3 Scottish Planning Policy states in paragraph 203, that “For planning purposes the functional flood plain will generally have a greater than 0.5% (1:200) probability of flooding in any year. Development on the functional flood plain will not only be at risk itself, but will add to the risk elsewhere.” Built development should not therefore take place on the functional flood plain. 5.4 Section 5.1.3 of the Planning Statement Report states that “Mitigation will be put in place and watercourse crossings will be designed to ensure that flows are not restricted or concentrated downstream.” We support this statement. We also support Section 5.1.5 of the Planning Statement report which states “that any development proposal situated in an area at significant risk of flooding or that could increase the risk of flooding elsewhere will not be permitted.” 5.5 Seventeen watercrossings are proposed to facilitate the 25 wind turbine construction. In addition, new tracks will also be built which will connect the turbines with the main access entrance. 5.6 As part of the Environmental Statement, Enviro Centre provided some catchment information and design flows. An in-house review of the 1:200 year flows for the eight water crossings shown in Table 9-8 found our flows to be consistently greater than those produced by Enviro Centre; ranging from a 7-28% increase. There does not appear to be any information on the sizing of the culverts as part of this development. As such, we would direct the applicant to joint guidance between SEPA and SNH entitled “Good Practice during Windfarm Construction” (http://www.sepa.org.uk/planning/energy.aspx) which provides additional information regarding the requirements of new access roads. We would recommend that culvert sizing considers the 1:200 year flow incorporating an allowance for climate change. We would also recommend that early contact is made with SEPA’s local Environment Protection and Improvement Team regarding road and culvert construction. 6. Carbon Assessment of Section 36 Wind Farms 6.1 Our SEPA validation response is presented in table form and can be found in Appendix 1. Detailed advice for the applicant 7. Please note our comments above. We strongly recommend you contact our local operations team (details below) at the earliest opportunity to discuss our requirements. 8. Good Practice during Wind Farm Construction 8.1 SEPA, SNH and the wind farm industry have worked together to produce Good practice during wind farm construction. The document provides guidance to prospective wind farm operators, planning authorities and other interested parties on pollution prevention, nature conservation, landscape, hydrological and related issues and complements the advice provided in this response. 9. Forestry 9.1 If it is proposed to use forest material/ waste wood on site, the following principles should apply Full justification for using the material on-site must be provided. Evidence must be provided to show that all options for use of the material off-site have been considered; The proposed use of the material must be beneficial in reaching the objectives of the Habitat Management Plan (HMP) as agreed by the local authority in consultation with statutory agencies (SNH and SEPA). Detailed monitoring proposals should be included in the HMP; Material used on site should not have any negative impact on the water environment or other sensitive receptors (e.g. protected species); Details of the size, volume, and depth of material to be used on site must be provided. A detailed map showing areas where the material will be used and extent of cover should also be provided; A clear specification for contractors is required to ensure the correct machinery is used, and that any material left on site is used in line with the HMP. The quality of the material is an important factor; maximum chip size (or other criteria) should be defined and agreed with the contractor. A maximum depth of material should also be agreed with the contractor. 10. Peat 10.1 Excavated peat should only be re-used on site where there is an environmental benefit and is in keeping with the surrounding topography. Re-use should only occur at point of extraction (i.e. peat should not be used to back fill areas that previously had no peat). It is possible that the 3 meter wide track verges proposed will not be considered as providing environmental benefit and that alternative uses or means of disposal of excavated peat will be required. 10.2 While any soil or peat to be removed is to be stored as close as possible to point of extraction, it should not be stored on environmentally sensitive areas i.e. it should be stored away from water courses and not on GWDTEs and should be stored in a way which does not allow pollution to those environments. Stockpiles should also be constructed in a way so as to avoid drying out. 11. Groundwater 11.1 Dewatering of turbine bases is proposed during construction. Any dewatering during excavations should be in compliance with GBR 2 and GBR 15 of CAR. Abstraction of groundwater in quantities greater that 10m3/day will require a CAR permit depending on the scope and duration of the works. Details should be provided of how any dewatering will be managed, the amount of groundwater proposed to be abstracted and the anticipated timescales. 11.2 Groundwater must not be abstracted from any excavation, wells or boreholes that are within 250m of a wetland. Please note that GBR 15 relates to any type of wetland not just Ground Water Dependant Terrestrial Ecosystems (GWDTEs). 11.3 Further guidance for Wind Farm Planning Applications may be found in the Land Use Planning System SEPA Guidance Note 4 (LUPS-GU4) Appendix 2: http://www.sepa.org.uk/planning/energy.aspx 12. Drainage 12.1 Any proposed discharge of surface water to the water environment arising from earthworks, roads construction, compounds, concrete batching facilities, sub stations, borrow pits and all other associated infrastructure must comply with the terms of the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 (CAR). All activities in relation to surface water run-off will be subject to the CAR General Binding Rules (GBRs) and pollution control measures such as those detailed within the detailed method statement should be employed wherever there is an identifiable risk to the water environment. Further information on this matter can be found on our website at http://www.sepa.org.uk/water/water_publications.aspx. 12.2 All sediment laden run-off arising from works on site must be treated in accordance with the principles of the SUDS Manual (C697) which was published by CIRIA in March 2007. Material generated from wheel wash facilities and any concrete wash-out areas on site must not be discharged or deposited on site. Such material should be contained prior to disposal off-site at a suitably licensed facility. 12.3 Should a discharge to the water environment be necessary then SEPA should be contacted to discuss any necessary authorisations. 12.4 The CEMP should identify low quality site-won material for access tracks as a major potential source of pollution and state the mitigation measures that will address this issue. It should also contain details of concrete wash out areas. All concrete wash water must be collected and taken off site for disposal to a suitably licensed facility. 12.5 The CEMP should also identify water sources to be used during the construction phase. If these include abstraction from surface waters in the vicinity, the potential for cross catchment transfer of non-native species must be identified as a risk and a management plan generated in order to mitigate the risk. 12.6 It is the responsibility of the operator to comply with the legislative requirements of CAR in all aspects of this proposal. Monitoring locations are the also the responsibility of the operator and should issues arise or it transpires that they do not comprehensively represent the sensitive areas; SEPA should be contacted to discuss possible amendments. 12.7 Where cables are to be lain next to access track, these should be backfilled with the material excavated from that area. Where an area is determined to be suitable for peat reinstatement, it should be demonstrated how the hydrological connectivity shall be maintained. Peat storage should take place as near as possible to excavation site, should be stable and should be on area of low ecological value (i.e. not on Ground Water Terrestrial Dependent Ecosystem (GWTDE) or next to a watercourse). Reinstatement should take place at the earliest opportunity. 13. Engineering activities in the water environment 13.1 The appropriate level of authorisation under The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 for watercourse crossings will be required prior to work commencing on site and irrespective of the state (natural or manmade) of the watercourse. 13.2 We would re-iterate our policy against unnecessary culverting of watercourses. The use of culverts to achieve water crossings would be contrary to the provisions of the Water Framework Directive and under the subsequent Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003. The preference therefore is for the use of bridge crossings instead of culverts and suitable designs should be submitted. 13.3 While it is accepted that in some cases culverting will be unavoidable, the authorisation of each watercourse crossing will be assessed by us on a case by case basis. We will seek justification for each and every proposal and would expect the applicant to demonstrate what alternatives, other than culverting, have been considered. 13.4 Where a culvert is essential it should be designed and installed in accordance with the advice contained within CIRIA Report 168 “Culvert Design Guide for Hydraulic Performance and Environmental/Aesthetic Considerations”. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires consideration of any aspect of river habitats, channel structure and flow regimes that impact on the biology of the water. 14. Waste Management Licensing (Scotland) Regulations 1994 14.1 We encourage waste minimisation whenever possible. Further details can be found on our website. We similarly encourage the recovery and reuse of controlled waste, such as soils from other sites provided that it is in accordance with the Waste Management Licensing Regulations 1994. Any proposals for reuse or recycling of materials, such as soils from other sites, may require to be registered with us under a Waste Management Exemption. There are specific criteria which if met will constitute an exemption from licensing under these Regulations (namely Paragraph 35 of Schedule 3 to the Regulations). These exemptions are required to be registered by SEPA and the details must be forwarded to the relevant SEPA office. 15. Peat management and Carbon Balance 15.1 Scottish Planning Policy (SPP) recognises that “the disturbance of some soils, particularly peat, may lead to the release of stored carbon, contributing to carbon emissions” (Paragraph 133). 15.2 It is important to ensure that the carbon balance of renewable energy projects is not adversely affected by management of the peat resource on site, in line with SPP. A Construction Environmental Management Plan including preventative/mitigation measures to avoid significant drying or oxidation of peat through, for example, the construction of access tracks, drainage channels, cable trenches, or the storage and re-use of excavated peat should be submitted. A detailed peat management scheme setting out these measures should be provided to ensure that the carbon balance benefits of the scheme are maximised 15.3 The applicant should liaise with SEPA on a regular basis with regards to re-use of peat as works on site progress. 16. Mobile Crushing Plant 16.1 Plant of this nature must hold a permit and SEPA should be notified of its location. The applicant should note that permits issued outside of Scotland are no longer valid in Scotland. 17. Cabling Works 17.1 While cabling works generally do not constitute activities requiring authorisation, they can pose a high risk to the water environment. Cabling works usually comprise a mobile operation which will not have permanent pollution control in place but can expose large tracts of soil susceptible to mobilisation in heavy rain. We would therefore emphasis minimising the impact from all cabling operations. 17.2 SEPA must be notified prior to commencement of any cabling works especially if moling techniques are to be used. 18. The Water Environment (Oil Storage) (Scotland) Regulations 2006 18.1 The Regulations apply to any kind of container which is being used and which is stored on premises above ground, whether inside or outside a building. These include fixed tanks, intermediate bulk containers, drums (oil drums or similar containers used for storing oil) or mobile bowsers. The range of premises covered by the Regulations is wide including land and mobile plant but does not include storage of oil in vehicles or vessels. 18.2 It is not necessary for storage facilities to be registered with SEPA however applicants should ensure compliance with the Regulations. Full details of the requirements can be found from SEPA’s website at: www.sepa.org.uk/regulation/oilstorage2006/index.htm 19. Flood Risk Caveats & Additional Information for Applicant 19.1 The Indicative River & Coastal Flood Map (Scotland) has been produced following a consistent, nationally-applied methodology for catchment areas equal to or greater than 3km2 using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to define river cross-sections and low-lying coastal land. The outlines do not account for flooding arising from sources such as surface water runoff, surcharged culverts or drainage systems. The methodology was not designed to quantify the impacts of factors such as flood alleviation measures, buildings and transport infrastructure on flood conveyance & storage. The Indicative River & Coastal Flood Map (Scotland) is designed to be used as a national strategic assessment of flood risk to support planning policy in Scotland. For further information please visit www.sepa.org.uk/flooding/flood_extent_maps.aspx. 19.2 Please note that we are reliant on the accuracy and completeness of any information supplied by the applicant in undertaking our review, and can take no responsibility for incorrect data or interpretation made by the authors. 19.3 The advice contained in this letter is supplied to you by SEPA in terms of Section 72 (1) of the Flood Risk Management (Scotland) Act 2009 on the basis of information held by SEPA as at the date hereof. It is intended as advice solely to Angus Council as Planning Authority in terms of the said Section 72 (1). Our briefing note entitled: “Flood Risk Management (Scotland) Act 2009: Flood risk advice to planning authorities” outlines the transitional changes to the basis of our advice inline with the phases of this legislation and can be downloaded from www.sepa.org.uk/planning/flood_risk.aspx Regulatory advice for the applicant 20. Regulatory requirements 20.1 Details of regulatory requirements and good practice advice for the applicant can be found on our website at www.sepa.org.uk/planning.aspx. If you are unable to find the advice you need for a specific regulatory matter, please contact a member of the operations team in your local SEPA office at: 31 Miller Road Ayr KA7 2AX Tel: 01292 294000 If you have any queries relating to this letter, please contact me by telephone on 01698 839337 or e-mail at planning.sw@sepa.org.uk Yours faithfully Julie Gerc Senior Planning Officer Planning Service Copy to: Sgurr Energy Ltd 225 Bath Street Glasgow G2 4GZ Disclaimer This advice is given without prejudice to any decision made on elements of the proposal regulated by us, as such a decision may take into account factors not considered at the planning stage. We prefer all the technical information required for any SEPA consents to be submitted at the same time as the planning application. However, we consider it to be at the applicant's commercial risk if any significant changes required during the regulatory stage necessitate a further planning application and/or neighbour notification or advertising. We have relied on the accuracy and completeness of the information supplied to us in providing the above advice and can take no responsibility for incorrect data or interpretation, or omissions, in such information. If we have not referred to a particular issue in our response, it should not be assumed that there is no impact associated with that issue. If you did not specifically request advice on flood risk, then advice will not have been provided on this issue. Further information on our consultation arrangements generally can be found in How and when to consult SEPA, and on flood risk specifically in the SEPAPlanning Authority Protocol. Appendix 1 Carbon Assessment of Section 36 Wind Farms: SEPA Validation Response Please note that we are reliant on the accuracy and completeness of any information supplied by the applicant in undertaking our review, and can take no responsibility for incorrect data or interpretation made by the authors. SECTION 1: SUMMARY OF REPONSE Issue Yes / No Is there sufficient confidence in the carbon payback figure for it to be used by Scottish Ministers as a material consideration in their decision making? No If no, is any deficiency significant enough to affect substantially the carbon payback period? See section 2 Comments Further requirements to enable positive validation (where applicable) See section 2. See section 2. SECTION 2: DETAILED RESPONSE Issue Yes If no, is any deficiency / No significant enough to affect substantially the carbon payback period? Are all relevant data input as required in the tool? No Unknown as further clarification of the figures provided is required. Comments Further requirements to enable positive validation (where applicable) Peat depth Appropriate maximum and minimum peat depth values should be provided. Note that maximum and minimum values do not necessarily need to represent the extreme maximum and minimum values within a measured dataset or dataset of typical values; they could be determined from statistical analysis of a dataset or an estimate. The same maximum and minimum and expected values have been provided for peat depth at turbine foundations, hardstandings and access tracks. Given the variability of peat depths on site shown in Appendix 9.2 of the Environmental Statement (ES) a range of peat depth values is expected. In addition, no information has been provided on how the average peat depths have been calculated. No significant change is expected. Do the data correspond with the information provided in the Environmental Statement? No Volume of concrete No data on the total volume of concrete use has been reported in the “Construction Input Data” sheet under volume of concrete used. No significant change is expected. Dry bulk density Unknown as further confirmation of the figures provided is required. C content of dry peat The average dry bulk density value of 0.1 g/cm3, identified in Page 6 of Appendix 9.2 of the ES, from the samples taken on site should be used instead of Scottish generic values provided. According to Page 6 of Appendix 9.2 of the ES, based on the peat samples taken on site, the Total Organic Content of the peat ranged between 49-55%. However, Scottish generic values have been input in the carbon calculator. When available, the input of site Further information on how the values entered have been calculated should be provided. The input of the total volume of concrete use is required under the “Construction Input Data” sheet. The expected value should be amended. The value of 0.1 g/cm3 resulting for samples taken on site should be used. Expected, minimum and maximum values should be amended to reflect the values obtained from on site samples and an explanation on how these values have been calculated should be provided. values in the carbon calculator is recommended. Unknown as further clarification of the figures provided is required. Unknown as further clarification of the figures provided is required. Is there sufficient evidence that peat/soil depth measurements have been probed to full depth? Yes Do the data (including peat depth) correspond with the information in the Halcrow peat slide assessment? No Are the data credible? No Access tracks Section 3.2.4 of the ES identifies that 13.3 km of new access tracks is proposed. However, 15.9 km of additional access tracks have been reported in the carbon calculator. Cable trenches Page 4, Appendix 9.3 of the ES identifies that 3,018m3 of peat will be excavated for cable trenches. However, according to the information input in the carbon calculator, cable trenches will follow access tracks therefore, no additional peat will be excavated for cable trenches. The Peat Slide Assessment identifies variable peat depth across the site, page 8 of Appendix 9.2. However, the same expected, minimum and maximum value of peat depth has been input in the carbon calculator. No significant change is expected. Average water table depth at site Expected water table depth is given as 0.3 m, the same as maximum value provided. This is much lower than would normally be anticipated for intact peat soils, which is around 0.1 m. 0.3 m may be a reasonable water table depth in eroded or extensively drained peat, but there is no evidence in the information presented in the environmental statement or elsewhere that suggests that the peat is not in good condition. Revision or further justification of the access track length values included in the carbon calculator is required. Clarification/amendment of the figures for cable trenches provided in the carbon calculator is required. Revision and further justification of these values is required. The value entered for water table depth should be either change to (minimum = 0.05 m, expected = 0.1 m, maximum = 0.3 m for peat in good condition) or evidence of peat degradation (e.g. drainage or erosion) at the development site should be provided, particularly around planned infrastructure locations. It may be necessary to perform suitable measurements of water table depth across the site, in which case a suitable number of measurements (at least 10, Unknown as further clarification of the figures provided is required. Average rate of carbon sequestration in timber (tC ha-1 yr-1) Further information on the tree species to be felled and their yield class needs to be provided in order to justify the average rate of carbon sequestration in timber input in the carbon calculator. In addition, further information on the species to be planted as part of the compensatory planting is required. corresponding to predicted infrastructure locations) should be made, and the experimental methodology used and any calculations made should be outlined fully. Further information on the tree species to be felled and their yield class needs to be provided. In addition, further information on the species to be planted as part of the compensatory planting proposals is required. SECTION 3: GOOD PRACTICE Issue Is there potential to reduce the carbon payback through improved adherence to the SEPA/SNH Good practice during wind farm construction guidance and/or SEPA’s Regulatory Position Statement for Development on Peat? No – proposal adheres to good practice Yes – improved adherence would improve the carbon payback Yes Where applicable specify areas of good practice that could be introduced to improve the carbon payback of the proposal It is requested that proposals are included to treat and restore any gullying which occurs on site as a result of altered hydrological flow paths due to construction. In areas where commercial forestry has been felled, it is requested that peat bog restoration is considered where possible.