List of Inquiries – Women's Equal Education in China
1. Starting point of education:
1.1 The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Guarantee of the Rights and
Interests of Women (modified in 2005), Article 17, stipulates that “Schools must not
refuse admitting or raise the admission standards of women candidates except for
special programs. According to a Survey conducted among 11 universities in Nanjing
and Guangzhou by Nanjing Xiaozhuang College in 2012, about 31% of students have
seen a male-female difference in admission standards. When universities or colleges
unreasonably refused admission to or raise admissions standards for women
candidates, what legal protective methods and remedies are provided for these
candidates whose legitimate rights and interests have been infringed? What
punishments will be applied to universities or colleges which contravened that section
of law? Has the Chinese government ever punish any universities or collages that
contravened that section of law?
1.2 October 15, 2012, in response to citizen Lv Pin and Huang Yizhi’s application to
open information of Education Ministry filed on 27th, Aug, the Ministry of Education
of the People's Republic of China responded that it is permitted for colleges and
universities to determine the ratio of male to female enrollment on special
professionals, one of which is sailing, mining and other professionals due to
protection for women’s safety, so that the number of women candidates are limited by
these programs. Whether the ministry has scientific researches or investigation reports
to prove that restricting the number of women candidates is the best way to protect
women students in the process of learning or engaged in the maritime, mining majors?
1.3 In the same response mentioned above ( Question 1.2), the Ministry of Education
of the People's Republic of China responded that the college’s serious imbalance in
gender ratio will affect the effect of education, social benefits and impact of the needs
of the relevant government departments. Whether the ministry has scientific
researches or investigation reports to elaborate that in what way the effect of
education and social benefits are affected and that it is an approvable way to solve this
problem by refusing admission to or raise admission standards for women candidates.
What needs of the relevant departments of the country could be realized by means that
the universities refused admission to women or raise admission standards for women
to achieve?
1.4, The Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Guarantee of the Rights and
Interests of Women(modified in 2005), Article 16, Schools and departments concerned
shall， by implementing the relevant regulations of the State， guarantee that women
enjoy equal rights with men in such aspects as starting school， entering a higher
school， job assignment upon graduation， conferment of academic degrees and
dispatch for study abroad. What specific operational measures are applied by relevant
government departments to protect rights of women mentioned in these sections? In
order to prevent these rights mentioned of women from being violated by educational
institutions or relevant government departments, what are the penalties and
monitoring mechanisms? If the rights mentioned of women are violated, what legal
protective methods and remedies are provided?
1.5 When colleges and universities exercise their autonomous enrollment right and
hold independent enrollment for programs like art, languages and candidates who are
high-level athletes or recommended candidates, whether there are supervision,
protection and punishment measures to ensure universities gives women enjoy equal
opportunity of admission in this process?
1.6 2000 issued by the Interim Enrollment Procedures of Public Security Programs of
Higher Education issued in 2000 stipulates that the number of women enrolled in
public security institutions does not exceed 15%. What are the reasons and purposes
the proportion of women in public security institutions are limited? Whether there are
official researches indicate that women are not suitable for more than 15% in the
number of institutions in the public security programs?
1.7 In 2010, the Secretary of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Justice has
issued Early Admission Enrollment Procedures of China University of Political
Science and Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Zhongnan
University, East China University of Politics and Law, Northwest University of
Political Institute and the Central Institute for Correctional Police, in which
stipulates that women candidates enrolled in early admissions of these six institutions
do not exceed 15% of the enrollment. What are the reasons and purposes the
proportion of women are limited? Whether there are official researches indicate that
women are not suitable for more than 15% in the number of institutions in politics and
law colleges?
1.8 After the approval of the Ministry of Education and the Chinese People's
Liberation Army General Political Department, in the recruiting of national defense
flight students, the colleges and universities recruit only men; also in air force, civil
aviation cadet admission recruits men only, what is the basis of such practices?
Whether there are official researches indicate that women are not suited to become the
air force, civil aviation pilots and flight national defense students?
2. Process of education:
2.1 According to the Survey conducted among 11 universities in Nanjing and
Guangzhou by Nanjing Xiaozhuang College, in 2012, about 51.1% agreed that gender
is one restriction to some majors like sciences, 24.1% of the students agreed that
teachers had a preference to certain gender. What measures did the Chinese
government take to ensure the teaching process and content of school faculties are
female-friendly, non-gender discrimination?
2.2 What measures has the Government taken to urge colleges and universities in the
improvement of teaching facilities, equipment construction, considering meeting the
needs of women that are different from men, e.g. increasing numbers of Female
toilets?
2.3 11th, Sept, 2010, high school girl Liu was stabbed by her ex-boyfriend Pang
Zhihong at campus in Bobai, Guangxi, because of her breaking up with him. What
measures has the Government taken to urge colleges and universities to set up campus
security mechanisms to prevent students, especially women students from personal
rights violations based on gender, such as rape, sexual harassment from faculties and
other people at campus?