Name: ___Answer Key_____________ Number: _____Class: _____________
Date given: ______________
Test date: ______________
Unit 2: Exploration and the New World
Study/Working Guide
Lesson One: Latitude (p. H15)
1. Lines of latitude are also called __parallels____.
2. The _equator___ is the latitude line at zero degrees.
3. Latitude lines tell us how many degrees __north___ or _south__ of the equator.
4. Lines of latitude run _east_ and __west__.
Lesson Two: Longitude (p. H15)
1. _Latitude___ and __Longitude_ are imaginary lines that help us find locations on
the Earth.
2. The __prime__ __meridian__ is the longitude line at zero degrees.
3. Longitude lines tell us how many degrees __east__ or _west_ of the prime
meridian.
4. Lines of longitude run __north__ and __south___.
5. Be able to locate places using latitude and longitude. (pp. R12-13)
Lesson Three: Reasons to explore
1. Reasons people would explore:
o __Wealth_____________
o __Fame______________
o __Curiosity____________
o __New Trade Routes____
o __Competition_________
o __Religious Freedom____
2. Overall people explored for __economical____________, political, and
__technological______________reasons.
Lesson Four: Vikings (p. 111)
1. The Vikings homeland was __Scandinavia (Norway)_.
2. _Eric_ __the_ __Red__ sailed west to the Island of Iceland.
3. Why did Eric the Red leave Iceland? Answers may vary.
Eric the Red was asked to leave Iceland. He was kicked out.
4. In 982, Eric the Red discovered __Greenland______.
5. Where did Leif Erickson land and what did he name this land?
Leif Erickson landed in Vinland (land of wine) and named it this because of all of
the grapes found in the area.
6. We know about the Vikings because of these long spoken tales they told. These
tales are called __sagas___.
Lesson Five: Renaissance and Portuguese Exploration (pp. 112-113)
1. __Renaissance___ is a word that means rebirth.
2. The Renaissance was a rebirth of ___arts___ and __sciences__.
3. What is a printing press? Answers may vary.
A printing press is an invention by Johann Gutenberg designed to rapidly print
books.
4. List the technological advances that were made during the time of the
Renaissance.
a. _cartography___________ :map making skills
b. _astrolabe
_:which measures the height of the sun above
the horizon,
c. _compass____________________: tool used by sailors to determine
direction
5. Advancements in _shipbuilding_____included the construction of the caravel,
which was a smaller and faster___ships_________with triangular sials that could
sail into the wind.
6. Prince _ ___Henry__ gathered the best and most experienced sea captains,
mapmakers and _ship_ _designers_ and other experts from many countries.
7. _Navigation_ is a science used by sailors to plot their course and determine their
location.
8. The Portuguese also profited from the __slave _ __trade_, the buying and selling
of human beings.
Lesson Six: Christopher Columbus (pp. 134-135)
1. Why did Christopher Columbus want to explore? Answers may vary.
Columbus wanted to explore to find a new shorter and faster trade route to
the Indies.
2. Who paid for Columbus’s expedition? Why? King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
of Spain paid for Columbus’s expedition. They wanted to find a shorter, faster
route to the Indies.
3. A (n) _expedition__ is a journey made for a special purpose.
4. List the three ships that Columbus used on his expedition.
o _Nina____ __
o _Pinta_____ _
o _Santa Maria_
5. Where do historians believe that Columbus first landed?
Answers may vary.
Historians believe Columbus first landed in the Bahamas Islands.
Lesson Seven: Columbian Exchange (pp. 136, 138)
1. List the items brought from the Western Hemisphere (Native Americans):
_______________, _____________, peanuts, ____________squash, and
________________________.
2. List the items brought from the Eastern Hemisphere (Eurpoeans): wheat, rice,
coffee, ___________________, ________________, ________________ and
______________________.
3. What were the positive effects of this exchange between these two
hemispheres? Answers may vary.
Both hemispheres received new foods. The Western Hemisphere received new
animals to help with travel and farming.
4. What were the negative effects of this exchange between these two
hemispheres? The Western Hemisphere received disease which caused many
Native Americans to become sick and die.
Lesson Eight: Ferdinand Magellan
1. Where did Magellan’s voyage begin?
Magellan’s voyage began in Portugal.
2. What was his trip like? Answers may vary.
His trip was long and dangerous.
3. How did his crew feel about him and the trip? Answers may vary.
His crew was ready to mutiny. They were tired and felt hopeless.
4. What happened at the end of Magellan’s voyage? Answers may vary.
Eighteen of his crew members survived. They were the first to circumnavigate
the world. Magellan did not survive the voyage. He died during a battle in the
Philippines.
Lesson Nine: Hernando de Soto
1. Hernando de Soto was given money by the king of Spain for an expedition to the
__North__ __American__ continent.
2. Hernando and the other conquistadors were searching for _gold_.
3. His crew discovered the _Mississippi _ River on their expedition.
4. De Soto was later _buried_ in the Mississippi River.
Lesson Ten: Henry Hudson and John Cabot
1. Who paid for John Cabot’s expedition?
The English paid for John Cabot’s expedition.
2. Where did Cabot explore?
Cabot explored the island and coast of Newfoundland.
3. What is Cabot remembered for discovering and doing for England?
Cabot is remembered for claiming important coastal areas for England and
opening up the Atlantic to the struggling British fishing industry.
4. What made Henry Hudson turn back on his voyage?
Hudson had to turn back because of huge chunks of ice.
5. Where did Hudson explore in 1609?
Hudson explored the east coast of America for the Dutch.
6. What areas of the United States are named after Henry Hudson today?
There are three areas named after Hudson: Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and
Hudson River.
7. What happened to Hudson and his crew?
Hudson and his crew were stuck in the ice. His crew mutinied and left
Hudson and a few others in a boat. He was never heard from again.