Applied Mathematics Regents Exam Questions (Living Environment) – Line Graphs
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As part of an experiment, the heart rate of a person at rest was measured every
hour for 7 hours. The data are shown in the table below.
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The table shows data collected on the pH level of an Adirondack lake from 1980
to 1996.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph below. Label the
axes. Mark an appropriate scale on the y-axis. The scale has been started for
you. Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle
and connect the points.
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The average level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been measured for
the past several decades. The data collected are shown in the table below.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
following the directions below. Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
Calculate the net change in CO2 level in parts per million (ppm) during the years
1960 through 2000.
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A student performed a laboratory investigation to determine the effect of temperature on
the heart rate of Daphnia (water flea). The following temperatures and heart rates were
recorded:
20°C — 260 beats/min; 10°C — 152 beats/min;
25°C — 300 beats/min; 5°C — 108 beats/min;
15°C — 200 beats/min
a) Organize the data by filling in the table below. Complete both columns in the table so
that the temperature either increases or decreases from the top to the bottom of the table.
b) Using the information provided, construct a line graph following these directions.
Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Temperature (°C)."
Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled "Heart Rate (beats/min).
Plot the data from your data table. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
c) During which temperature interval did the greatest change in heart rate occur?
(1) 5-10°C
(3) 15-20°C
(2) 10-15°C
(4) 20-25°C
d) Using one or more complete sentences, state a valid conclusion that relates
increasing temperature to heart rate in Daphnia.
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A student studied the effect of gibberellin (a plant hormone) on the growth of
corn seedlings of the same height and species. A different concentration of
gibberellin in a fixed volume of water was applied to 7 groups of 10 plants each
maintained under the same environmental conditions for the duration of the
experiment. At the end of this period, the height of each plant was measured.
The data are shown in the table below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
below.
Write an appropriate title for this graph in the space provided.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
b) Explain the effect on corn seedling height of increasing the application
amount of gibberellin from 0.05 to 0.50 microgram.
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Describe one error that was made in the preparation of the graph shown below.
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The rate of respiration of a freshwater sunfish was determined at different
temperatures. The rate of respiration was determined by counting the number of
times the gill covers of the fish opened and closed during 1-minute intervals at the
various temperatures. The following data were collected.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid,
following the directions below.
Label the x-axis and indicate the units.
Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.
Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle and
connect the points.
b) According to the data, as the temperature increases, the rate of respiration of the
sunfish
(1) increases steadily
(2) decreases steadily
(3) increases, then decreases
(4) decreases, then increases
c) Which title is appropriate for this graph?
(1) The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Respiration in Sunfish
(2) The Effect of Gill Movement on Rate of Respiration in Sunfish
(3) The Relationship Between Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen
(4) The Relationship Between Sunfish Population and Temperature Change in
Freshwater Habitats
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A student counted the total number of leaves in a group of duckweed plants
(Lemna gibba) over a 5-day period. The data collected are shown in the table
below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle and
connect the points.
b) The time it takes for the number of leaves to increase from 15 to 30 is
approximately
(1) 2.0 days
(2) 2.3 days
(3) 2.9 days
(4) 3.2 days
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What is the dependent variable in the experiment summarized in the graph
below?
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An insect known as a sawfly is found in evergreen forests in North America.
Sawfly cocoons are the main source of food for shrews (small mammals) and
some bird species. Scientists studied 1-acre plots in various parts of a state to
determine the average number of sawfly cocoons, shrews, and robins. The data
collected are shown in the table below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided, following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.
Plot the data for shrews. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
Plot the data for robins. Surround each point with a small triangle and connect
the points.
b) What is the average number of shrews per acre when the average number of
sawfly cocoons is 500,000?
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The data table shows water temperatures at various depths in an ocean.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Water Depth (m).”
Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
b) State the general relationship between temperature and water depth.
c) The approximate water temperature at a depth of 125 meters would be
closest to
(1) 15°C
(2) 13°C
(3) 8°C
(4) 3°C
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A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of two species
of single-celled organisms would survive best when cultured together in a
certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a
large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at
30°C. After the test tube was set up, the population of each species was
determined each day for 5 days. The data collected are shown in the table
below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the data for species A on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle
and connect the points.
Plot the data for species B on the grid. Surround each point with a small triangle
and connect the points.
b) Based on the daily counts, on which day did it first become evident that one
species was better adapted than the other species for survival in the
environment provided?
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A student conducted an investigation to determine the effect of various
environmental factors on the rate of transpiration (water loss through the
leaves) in plants. The student prepared 4 groups of plants. Each group
contained 10 plants of the same species and leaf area. Each group was exposed
to different environmental factors. The apparatus shown in the diagram was
constructed to measure water loss by the plants over time in 10-minute
intervals for 30 minutes. The results are shown in the data table.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid,
following the directions below. The data for fan and mist conditions have been
plotted for you.
Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Time (min).”
Plot the data for the classroom conditions from the data table. Surround each
point with a small circle and connect the points.
Plot the data for classroom conditions + floodlight from the data table.
Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points.
b) Identify the environmental factor that resulted in the lowest rate of
transpiration.
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In an investigation, plants of the same species and the same initial height were
exposed to a constant number of hours of light each day. The number of hours
per day was different for each plant, but all other environmental factors were
the same. At the conclusion of the investigation, the final height of each plant
was measured. The following data were recorded:
8 hours, 25 cm; 4 hours, 12 cm; 2 hours, 5 cm; 14 hours, 35 cm;
12 hours, 35 cm; 10 hours, 34 cm; 6 hours, 18 cm
a) Organize the data by completing both columns in the data table provided, so
that the hours of daily light exposure increase from the top to the bottom of the
table.
b) Using the information given, construct a line graph on the grid provided,
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.
Plot the data for final height on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle
and connect the points.
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An investigation was carried out to measure the rate of activity of catalase, an
enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide. Five 40-mL solutions of the
enzyme at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% were prepared. A
filter paper disk was placed in each enzyme solution. Each soaked disk from the
different enzyme concentrations was then added to different cups containing 30
mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide. The rate of catalase activity was inferred from
measurements of how fast the disks rose from the bottom to the top of each cup.
The following data were obtained: 40%–12.1 seconds, 80%–5.8 seconds,
100%–4.1 seconds, 20%–15.8 seconds, and 60%–9.9 seconds.
a) Organize the data by completing the data table, according to the directions
below.
Label the second column of the data table with an appropriate heading and
record that label on the y-axis of the graph. [Be sure to include units.]
Complete the data table so that the percent enzyme increases from the top to the
bottom of the table.
b) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided, following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.
Plot the data from your data table. Surround each point with a small circle and
connect the points.
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Three students each added equal volumes of pond water to four beakers and
placed each beaker in a different water bath. Each student maintained the
water baths at temperatures shown in the data table. The students then added
an equal number of water fleas to each of their four beakers. After one hour, the
students used microscopes to determine the average heart rate of the water
fleas. The procedure was repeated for a total of three trials at each temperature.
The results of the investigation are summarized in the data table.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided, following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the data for the average heart rate on the grid. Surround each point with a
small circle and connect the points.
b) The independent variable in this investigation is the
(1) number of trials
(2) number of water fleas
(3) temperature of the water
(4) average heart rate
c) State the relationship between temperature and heart rate in water fleas.
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A student added two species of single-celled organisms, Paramecium caudatum
and Didinium nasutum, to the same culture medium. Each day, the number of
individuals of each species was determined and recorded. The results are
shown in the data table below.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided, following the directions below.
Mark a scale on the axis labeled “Number of Individuals” that is appropriate for
the plotted Didinium population and for plotting the Paramecium population.
Plot the data for Paramecium on the grid. Surround each data point with a small
triangle and connect the points.
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A student grew two separate cultures of single-celled organisms. One culture
contained Paramecium caudatum and the other contained Paramecium aurelia.
The cultures were grown under the same conditions and the number of
paramecia (per drop) in each culture was estimated every 2 days for a period of
16 days. The results are shown in data table 1 below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
provided, following the directions below.
Mark a scale on each labeled axis appropriate for the data for Paramecium
caudatum that has already been plotted on the grid.
Plot the data for Paramecium aurelia on the grid. Surround each point with a
small triangle and connect the points.
b) Describe the change in the two populations between days 0 and 8.
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The effect of temperature on the action of pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme
present in stomach fluid, was tested. In this investigation, 20 milliliters of
stomach fluid and 10 grams of protein were placed in each of five test tubes.
The tubes were then kept at different temperatures. After 24 hours, the
contents of each tube were tested to determine the amount of protein that had
been digested. The results are shown in the table below.
a) The dependent variable in this investigation is the
(1) size of the test tube
(2) time of digestion
(3) amount of stomach fluid
(4) amount of protein digested
b) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid,
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each axis.
Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
c) If a sixth test tube identical to the other tubes was kept at a temperature of
30°C for 24 hours, the amount of protein digested would most likely be
(1) less than 1.0 gram
(2) between 1.0 and 4.0 grams
(3) between 4.0 and 9.0 grams
(4) more than 9.0 grams
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A set of axes is shown below.
When using this set of axes to show the effect of black walnut allelochemicals on
the number of plants, which labels would be appropriate for axis X and axis Y?
(1) X — Number of Plants
Y — Distance from Walnut Tree Trunk (meters)
(2) X — Distance from Walnut Tree Trunk (meters)
Y — Number of Plants
(3) X — Number of Plants
Y — Time (days)
(4) X — Time (days)
Y — Number of Plants
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Insecticides are used by farmers to destroy crop-eating insects. Recently,
scientists tested several insecticides to see if they caused damage to
chromosomes. Six groups of about 200 cells each were examined to determine
the extent of chromosome damage after each group was exposed to a different
concentration of one of two insecticides. The results are shown in the data table
below.
a) Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid,
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled, “Number of Cells with Damaged
Chromosomes.”
Plot the data for methyl parathion on the grid. Surround each point with a small
circle and connect the points.
Plot the data for malathion on the grid. Surround each point with a small
triangle and connect the points.
b) Which insecticide has a more damaging effect on chromosomes? Support
your answer.
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The results of blood tests for two individuals are shown in the data table below.
The blood glucose level before breakfast is normally 80–90 mg/100 mL of
blood. A blood glucose level above 110 mg/100 mL of blood indicates a failure
in a feedback mechanism. Injection of chemical X, a chemical normally
produced in the body, may be required to correct this problem.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid,
following the directions below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis.
Plot the blood glucose levels for the individual who will most likely need
injections of chemical X. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points.
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Biologists investigated the effect of the presence of aluminum ions on root tips
of a variety of wheat. They removed 2-mm sections of the tips of roots. Half of
the root tips were placed in a nutrient solution with aluminum ions, while the
other half were placed in an identical nutrient solution without aluminum ions.
The length of the root tips, in millimeters, was measured every hour for seven
hours. The results are shown in the data table below.
.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid below.
Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis. Plot the data for root tips in the
solution with aluminum ions on the grid. Surround each point with a small
circle and connect the points.
Plot the data for root tips in the solution without aluminum ions on the grid.
Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points.
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The laboratory setups represented below were used to investigate the effect of
temperature on cellular respiration in yeast (a single-celled organism). Each of
two flasks containing equal amounts of a yeast-glucose solution was submerged
in a water bath, one kept at 20°C and one kept at 35°C. The number of gas
bubbles released from the glass tube in each setup was observed and the results
were recorded every 5 minutes for a period of 25 minutes. The data are
summarized in the table below.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid. Mark
an appropriate scale on each axis. Plot the data for the total number of bubbles
released at 20°C on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and
connect the points.
Plot the data for the total number of bubbles released at 35°C on the grid.
Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points.
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In a test for diabetes, blood samples were taken from an individual every 4
hours for 24 hours. The glucose concentrations were recorded and are shown
in the data table below.
Using the information given, construct a line graph on the grid following the
directions below. Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Blood Glucose
Concentration (mg/dL).” Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with
a small circle and connect the points.
26
Hydrogen peroxide is a toxic substance produced in an organism as a result of
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certain metabolic processes. Catalase, a biological catalyst produced by cells,
speeds the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into less harmful substances. In an
investigation, 2-gram pieces of liver (which contains catalase) were added to
separate dishes. Each dish contained the same amount of a 3% solution of
hydrogen peroxide, but at different temperatures. The relative activity of the
catalase was determined. The results were recorded and are shown in the data
table below.
Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid
following the directions below. Mark an appropriate scale on each axis. Plot the
data, surround each point with a small circle, and connect the points.
At which temperature does catalase work most effectively? Support your
answer.
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Yeast cells carry out the process of cellular respiration as shown in the equation
below.
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An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the
rate of cellular respiration in yeast. Five experimental groups, each containing
five fermentation tubes, were set up. The fermentation tubes all contained the
same amounts of water, glucose, and yeast. Each group of five tubes was placed
in a water bath at a different temperature. After 30 minutes, the amount of gas
produced (D) in each fermentation tube was measured in milliliters. The
average for each group was calculated. A sample setup and the data collected
are shown below.
Construct a line graph on the grid below, following the directions below. Mark
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an appropriate scale on each labeled axis. Plot the data from the data table.
Surround each point with a small circle, and connect the points.
The maximum rate of cellular respiration in yeast occurred at which
temperature?
(1) 5°C
(2) 20°C
(3) 40°C
(4) 60°C
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2
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50 ppm.
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a)
b)
c) 3) 15-20°C
d) As the temperature increases, the heart rate in Daphnia increases.
5
a)
b) —Increasing the amount of gibberellin applied to corn plants causes the
plants to grow taller.
—As the amount of gibberellin is increased from 0.05 to 0.50 microgram, the
average height of the corn plants increased from 40 to 75 cm.
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—Intervals on the y-axis are not appropriate.
—The title is incorrect.
7
a)
b) (3) increases, then decreases
c) (1) The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Respiration in Sunfish
8
a)
b) (2) 2.3 days
9
The percent maximum activity of trypsin is the dependent variable. Allow no
credit for the response “trypsin” or “amount of trypsin.”
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a)
b) 15  1
11
a)
b) As the water depth increases, the temperature decreases.
c) (3) 8°C
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a)
b) Day 4 is the day when it first becomes evident that one species was
better adapted.
13
a)
b) Classroom conditions + mist resulted in the lowest rate of transpiration.
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a)
b)
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a)
b)
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a)
b) (3) temperature of the water
c) — As the temperature increases, the heart rate increases.
— As temperature changes from 35C to 5C, heart rate in the water flea
decreases.
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a)
b) — Both populations increased in number.
— The population of Paramecium aurelia increased at a slightly greater rate
than Paramecium caudatum.
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a) (4) amount of protein digested
b)
c) (3) between 4.0 and 9.0 grams
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(2) X — Distance from Walnut Tree Trunk (meters)
Y — Number of Plants
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a)
b) — Methyl parathion; the line on the graph is higher than for malathion.
— At .2 ppm methyl parathion damaged chromosomes in 30 cells and
malathion damaged chromosomes in only 11.
— The data table shows more chromosome damage from methyl parathion at
every concentration.
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35°C and the greatest amount of activity occurs there, or it is the highest point
on the graph or the rate is highest at this temperature.
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(3)
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