SALLY MACINTYRE Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106-6150 805-893-3951 sally@eri.ucsb.edu Education A.B. (cum laude), Duke University, Zoology, 1972 Ph.D, Duke University, Zoology and Mechanical Engineering, 1981 Professional Employment Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2004 - present Research Limnologist/Oceanographer, UCSB, 1999 – 2004 Associate Research Limnologist/Oceanographer, UCSB, 1995 - 1999 Assistant Research Limnologist/Oceanographer, UCSB, 1990 - 1995 Assistant Research Engineer (part-time), UCSB, 1982 – 1990 NSF Postdoctoral Fellow, UCSB, 1981 - 1982 Awards U.S. Antarctic Service Medal Blaustein Visiting Professorship, Stanford University, 2010 - 2011 Gleddon Fellow, University of Western Australia NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Selected Consulting Service Member of the Expert Committee for the World Bank advising on: Lake Kivu Gas Extraction. Report on Lake Stability. 2006. Selected Service to Professional Societies U.S. National Representative (elected), International Society of Limnology (2005 - present) Member-at-large (elected), American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 1992-1995 President and President-Elect, Sigma Xi, UCSB Chapter, 1990-1991, 1993-1994. Chair, Physical Limnology Section of the International Society of Limnology, 2005 – present Organizing Committee, American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Annual Meeting 2008 Scientific Organizing Committee and Session Co-Chair for two Sessions, 2012 Annual Meeting for Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), Otsu, Japan. Editorial Service Editorial Board of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 1985-1988. Advisory Board of Aquatic Sciences, 1988-2001 Associate Editor: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 2002 – 2006 Associate Editor: Biogeosciences, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004 – 2006 Section Editor: Lake Physics in Encyclopedia of Inland Waters (Gene Likens, Editor in Chief), 2006-2008 Editorial Advisory Board: Limnology and Oceanography: Environments and Fluids, 20082009. Associate Editor: Inland Waters, Journal of the International Society of Limnology, 2010 - Reviewer for Limnology and Oceanography, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Hydrobiologia, Water Resources Research, Journal of Geophysical Research – Oceans, Journal of Geophysical Research – Biogeosciences, Geophysical Research Letters, Aquatic Sciences, Japanese Journal of Limnology, Arctic and Alpine Research, Journal of Marine Systems, Deep-Sea Research, Marine Ecological Progress Series, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, Limnology, BioScience, J. Great Lakes Res, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, J. Marine Research, J. Env. Engineering Reviewed Publications: (1) Peters, R.H. and S. MacIntyre. 1976. Orthophosphate turnover in East African lakes. Oecologia 25:313-319. (2) MacIntyre, S. and J.M. Melack. 1982. Meromixis in an equatorial African soda lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27:595-609. (3) MacIntyre, S. 1984. Current fluctuations in the surface waters of small lakes. Pages 125131. In: W.H. Brutsaert and G.H. Jirka (eds.), Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. D. Reidel Publishing Co. (4) MacIntyre, S. and J.M. Melack. 1984. Vertical mixing in Amazon floodplain lakes. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22:1283-1287. (5) MacIntyre, S. 1986. Flow measuring system for small lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31:900906. (6) Alldredge, A.L., C. C. Gotschalk and S. MacIntyre. 1987. Evidence-for sustained residence of macrocrustacean fecal pellets in surface waters off southern California. DeepSea Res.. 34:1641-1652. (7) MacIntyre, S. and J.M. Melack. 1988. Frequency and depth of vertical mixing in an Amazon floodplain lake (L. Calado, Brazil). Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 23:80-85. (8) Crill, P., K.B. Bartlett, J.D. Wilson, D.K. Sebacker, R.C. Harriss, J.M. Melack, S. MacIntyre, L. Lesack and L. Smith-Morrill. 1988. Trophospheric methane from an Amazon floodplain lake. J. Geophys. Res. 93:1564-1570. (9) MacIntyre, S., W.J. Lick and C.H. Tsai. 1990. Variability of entrainment of cohesive sediments in freshwater. Biogeochemistry 9:187-209. (10) Melack, J.M. and S. MacIntyre. 1992. Phosphorus concentrations, supply and limitation in 2 tropical African lakes and rivers. Pages 1-18. In: H. Tiessen (ed,.) Phosphorus Cycles in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems. Regional Workshop 4: Africa. SCOPE and UNEP (11) Smith, R. C., B.B. Prézelin, K. S. Baker, R.R. Bidigare, N.P. Boucher, T. Coley, D. Karentz, S. MacIntyre, H.A. Matlick, D. Menzies, M. Ondrusek, Z. Wan and K.J. Waters. 1992. Ozone depletion: Ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters. Science 255:952-959. (12) Widder, E.A., J.F. Case, S.A. Bernstein, S. MacIntyre, M.R. Lowenstine, M.R. Bowlby and D.P. Cook. 1993. A new large volume bioluminescence bathyphotometer with defined turbulence excitation. Deep-Sea Res. 40:607-627. (13) MacIntyre, S. 1993. Mixing in the euphotic zone of a shallow, turbid lake: Consequences for the phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38: 798-817. (14) MacIntyre, S., R. Wanninkhof and J. Chanton. 1995. Trace gas exchange across the airwater interface in freshwater and coastal marine environments. Pages 52-97. In P. Matson and R. Harriss (eds.) Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Blackwell. (15) MacIntyre, S., A.L. Alldredge and C.C. Gotschalk. 1995. Accumulation of marine snow at density discontinuities in the water column. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40: 449-468. (16) MacIntyre, S. and J. M. Melack. 1995. Vertical and horizontal transport in lakes: linking littoral, benthic, and pelagic habitats. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 14: 599-615. (17) MacIntyre, S. 1997. Turbulent eddies and their implications for phytoplankton within the euphotic zone of Lake Biwa, Japan. Japanese J. Limnology 57:395-410. (18) MacIntyre, S. 1998. Turbulent mixing and resource supply to phytoplankton. Pages 539567. In J. Imberger, (ed.) Physical Processes in Lakes and Oceans, Coastal and Estuarine Studies, American Geophysical Union (19) Scully, N.M., W.F. Vincent, D.R.S. Lean and S. Maclntyre. 1998. Hydrogen peroxide as a natural tracer of mixing in surface layers. Aquatic Sciences 60: 169-186. (20) Robarts, R.D., M. Waiser, O. Hadas, T. Zohary and S. MacIntyre. 1998. Contrasting relaxation of phosphorus limitation due to typhoon-induced mixing in two morphologically distinct basins of Lake Biwa, Japan. Limnol. Oceanogr. 43: 1023-1036. (21) Maclntyre, S., K.M. Flynn, R. Jellison and J.R. Romero. 1999. Boundary mixing and nutrient flux in Mono Lake, CA. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44: 512-529. (22) Washburn, L., S. Stone and S. MacIntyre. 1999. Produced water dispersion in a coastal environment and its biological implications. Continental Shelf Research. 19: 57-78. (23) Jellison, R., S. MacIntyre and F.J. Millero. 1999. Density and conductivity properties of Na-CO3-Cl-SO4 brine from Mono Lake, California. Int. J. Salt Lake Res. 8: 41-53. (24) MacIntyre, S. and J.R. Romero. 2000. Predicting upwelling, boundary mixing, and nutrient fluxes in lakes. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 27:246-250. 3 (25) Graham, W. M., S. MacIntyre and A.L. Alldredge. 2000. Diel patterns in the concentration of marine snow in surface waters. Deep Sea Res. I. 47:367-395. (26) MacIntyre, S. W. Eugster and G.W. Kling. 2001. The critical importance of buoyancy flux for gas flux across the air-water interface. In M.A. Donelan, W.M. Drennan, E.S. Saltzman, and R. Wanninkhof (eds.). Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces. American Geophysical Union (27) MacIntyre, S. and R. Jellison. 2001. Nutrient fluxes from upwelling and enhanced turbulence at the top of the pycnocline in Mono Lake, CA. Hydrobiologia. 466: 13-29. (28) MacIntyre, S., J.R. Romero and G.W. Kling. 2002. Spatial-temporal variability in mixed layer deepening and lateral advection in an embayment of Lake Victoria, East Africa. Limnol. Oceanogr. 47: 656-671. (29) Alldredge, A.L., T.J. Cowles, S. MacIntyre, J.E.B. Rines, P.L. Donaghay, C.F. Greenlaw, D.V. Holliday, M.M. Dekshenieks, J.M. Sullivan and J.R.V. Zaneveld. 2002. Occurrence and mechanisms of formation of a dramatic thin layer of marine snow in a shallow Pacific fjord. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 233: 1-12. (30) Hobbie, J.E., G. Shaver, J. Laundre, K. Slavik, L. Deegan, J. O’Brien, S. Oberbauer and S. MacIntyre. 2003. Climate forcing at the Arctic LTER site. Pages 74-91. In D. Greenland, D. Goodin and R. Smith (eds) Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response at Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites. Oxford University Press. (31) McManus, M.A., A.L. Alldredge, A. Barnard, E. Boss, J. Case, T.J. Cowles, P.L. Donaghay, L.B. Eisner, D.J. Gifford, C.F. Greenlaw, C. Herren, D.V. Holliday, D. Johnson, S. MacIntyre, D. McGehee, T.R. Osborn, M.J. Perry, R. Pieper, J.E.B. Rines, D.C. Smith, J.M. Sullivan, M.K. Talbot, M.S. Twardowski, A. Weidemann and J.R. Zaneveld. 2003. Changes in characteristics, distribution and persistence of thin layers over a 48 hour period. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 261: 1-19. (32) Eugster, W., G.W. Kling, T. Jonas, J.P. McFadden, A. Wuest, S. MacIntyre and F.S. Chapin III. 2003. CO2 exchange between air and water in an Arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: the importance of convective mixing. J. Geophys. Res. (Atmospheres) 108(D12), 4362, doi: 10.1029/202JD002653. (33) Wurtsbaugh, W., J. Cole, D. McKnight, P. Brezonik, S. MacIntyre and K. Potter. 2003. Emerging Research Questions for Limnology: The Study of Inland Waters. Am. Soc. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45 p. (34) Banerjee, S. and S. MacIntyre. 2004. The air-water interface: turbulence and scalar exchange. Pages 181-237. In J. Grue, P.L.F. Liu and G.K. Pedersen (eds.) Advances in Coastal and Ocean Engineering. World Scientific. (35) Kratz, T. K., S. MacIntyre and K. E. Webster. 2005. Causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity in lakes. Pages 329-347. In G.M. Lovett, C.G. Jones, M.G. Turner and KC. Weathers (eds.). Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes. Springer (36) MacIntyre, S., J.O. Sickman, S.A. Goldthwait and G.W. Kling. 2006. Physical pathways of nutrient supply in a small, ultra-oligotrophic arctic lake during summer stratification. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51: 1107-1124. 4 (37) Caceres, C.E., S.R. Hall, M.A. Duffy, A.J. Tessier, C. Helmle and S. MacIntyre. 2006. Physical structure of lakes constrains epidemics in Daphnia populations. Ecology 87: 14381444. (38) Rueda, F., S. MacIntyre and G.W. Kling. 2006. Fate and transport of storm-river-water in a small, ultra-oligotrophic lake: Toolik Lake, Alaska. Proceedings: Physical Processes in Natural Waters: 10th European Physical Limnology Workshop. (39) Johnson, C.R., W.J. O’Brien and S. MacIntyre. 2006. Vertical and temporal distribution of two copepod species, Cyclops scutifer and Diaptomus pribilofensis, in 24 hour arctic daylight. J. Plankton Research. 29: 275-289. (40) MacIntyre, S. and J.P. Fram. 2006. Internal wave dynamics and turbulence in lakes: Implications for Ecosystem Function. International Symposium on Stratified Flows, Perth. (41) Gaylord, B.P., J.H. Rosman, D.C. Reed., J.R. Koseff, J.P. Fram, S. MacIntyre, K. Arkema, C. McDonald, J.L. Largier, M.A. Brzezinski, P.T. Raimondi, S.G. Monismith and B. Mardian. 2007. Spatial patterns of flow and their modifications within and around a giant kelp forest. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52: 1838-1852. (42) Evans, M.A., S. MacIntyre and G.W. Kling. 2008. Internal wave effects on primary productivity: experiments, theory and modeling. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53: 339-353 (43) MacIntyre, S. 2008. Describing fluxes within lakes using temperature arrays and surface meteorology. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 30: 339-344. (44) Fram, J.P., H.L. Stewart, M.A. Brzezinski, B.P. Gaylord, D.C. Reed, S.L. Williams, and S. MacIntyre. 2008. Physical pathways and utilization of nitrate supply to the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53: 1589 – 1603. (45) Vincent, W.F., S. MacIntyre, R.H. Spigel and I. Laurion. 2008. The physical limnology of high latitude lakes. In W. F. Vincent and J. Laybourn-Parry (eds.) Polar Lakes and Rivers – Limnology of Arctic and Antarctic Aquatic Ecosystems. Oxford University Press (46) MacIntyre, S. and J.M. Melack. 2009. Lakes across climate zones. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. G. Likens (ed.). Elsevier. (47) Monismith, S.G. and S. MacIntyre. 2009. The surface mixed layer. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. G. Likens (ed.). Elsevier. (48) Lorke, A. and S. MacIntyre. 2009. The benthic boundary layer. Encyclopedia of Inland Waters. G. Likens (ed.) Elsevier. (49) Stewart, H.L., J.P. Fram, D.C. Reed, S.L. Williams, M.A. Brzezinski, S. MacIntyre and B. Gaylord. 2009. Differences in growth, morphology and tissue carbon and nitrogen of Macrocystis pyrifera within and at the outer edge of a giant kelp forest in California, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series 375: 101-112. (50) MacIntyre, S., J.P. Fram, A.L. Layns and B. Benson. 2007. Mixing in the interior and benthic boundary of small stratified lakes. International Symposium on Environmental 5 Hydraulics. Tempe, Arizona. (51) MacIntyre, S., J.F. Clark, R.J. Jellison and J.P. Fram.2009. Turbulent mixing induced by non-linear internal waves in Mono Lake, CA. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54: 2255-2272 (52) Rueda, F.R. and S. MacIntyre. 2009. Flowpaths and spatial heterogeneity of storm-riverwater in small multi-basin lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54: 2041-2057. (53) MacKay, M.D., P.J. Neale, C.D. Arp, L.N. De Senerpont Domis, X. Fang, G. Gal, K. Jöhnk, G. Kirillin, J.D. Lenters, E. Litchman, S. MacIntyre, P. Marsh, J. Melack, W.M. Mooij, F. Peeters, A. Quesada, S.G. Schladow, M. Schmid, C. Spence, H.G. Stefan and S.L. Stokes. 2009. Modeling lakes and reservoirs in the climate system. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54: 2315-2329 (54) MacIntyre, S. J.P. Fram, N.D. Bettez, W.J. O’Brien, J.E. Hobbie and G.W. Kling.2009. Climate related variations in mixing dynamics of an Alaskan arctic lake. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54: 2401-2417 (55) Rueda, F. and S. MacIntyre. 2010. Modelling the fate and transport of storm-river-water in small lakes of complex morphometry. Environmental Modeling and Software. 25: 146-157. (56) Laurion, I., W.F. Vincent., S. MacIntyre., L. Retamal, C. Dupont, P. Francus and R. Pienitz. 2010. Variability in greenhouse gas emissions from permafrost thaw ponds. Limnol. Oceanogr. 55: 115-133. (57) Hall, S.R., R.L. Smyth, C.R. Becker, M.A. Duffy, C. M. Knight, S. MacIntyre, A. J. Tessier and C. E. Cáceres. 2010. Why are Daphnia in some lakes sicker? Disease ecology, habitat structure, and the plankton. Bioscience, 60:363-375 (58) Melack, J. M., A. C. Finzi, David Siegel, S. MacIntyre, Craig Nelson, Anthony Aufdenkampe, and Michael Pace. 2011. Improving biogeochemical knowledge through technological innovation. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 9: 37-43 (59) MacIntyre, S., A. Jonsson, M. Jansson, J. Aberg, D. E. Turney, S. D. Miller. 2010. Buoyancy flux, turbulence, and the gas transfer coefficient in a stratified lake. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 37, No. 24, L24604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044164. 22 December 2010 (60) Rudorff, C.M., and J M. Melack, S. MacIntyre, C. C. F. Barbosa, and E. M. L. M. Novo. 2011. Seasonal and spatial variability of CO2 emission from a large floodplain lake in the lower Amazon. J. Geophys. Res. 116: G04007, doi:10.1029/2011JG001699. (61) Sadro, S., J. M. Melack, and S. MacIntyre. 2011. Spatial temporal variability in the ecosystem metabolism of a high-elevation lake: Integrating benthic and pelagic habitats. Ecosystems DOI 10.1007/s10021-1001-9471-5. (62) Sadro, S., J. M. Melack, and S. MacIntyre. 2011. Depth-integrated metabolism in a highelevation lake (Emerald Lake, Sierra Nevada, CA). Limnol. Oceanogr. 56: 1764-1780 . (63) MacIntyre, S. 2012. Mixing dynamics in East African Lakes. In Lars Bengtsson, R. R. Herschy, and R. W. Fairbridge, eds. Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs. Springer Scientific. pp. 737-743. 6 (64) Read, J. S., D. P. Hamilton, A. R. Desai, K. C. Rose, S. MacIntyre, J. D. Lenters, R. L. Smyth, P. C. Hanson, J. J. Cole, P. A. Staehr, J. A. Rusak, D. C. Pierson, J. D. Brookes, A. Laas, and C. H. Wu. 2012. Lake-size dependency of wind shear and convection as controls on gas exchange. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39, L09405, doi:10.1029/2012GL051886 (65) MacIntyre, S. In press. Climate variability, mixing dynamics, and ecological consequences in the African Great Lakes. In Charles R. Goldman, Michio Kumagai, and Richard D. Robarts, eds. Effects of Global Warming on Freshwater Ecosystems of the World: what can be done to reduce negative impacts? Wiley. Selected Professional Activity Member, NSF-sponsored steering committee charged with developing a freshwater research agenda for the ecological sciences, 1992-1995 Committee of Visitors, Ecological Studies Cluster, NSF Environmental Biology, 1995 Panel Member, NSF Coastal Ocean Processes Program - Great Lakes, 1997 Organizing Committee, "Lakes as Indicators of Anthropogenic Processes in the Environment”, 1997-1998 Member, American Geophysical Union ad hoc Committee on Recognizing and Encouraging the Contributions of the Biological Sciences to the Study of the Earth, 1998-2002 NSF-site review team, North Temperate Lakes LTER, 1999 Review team, NSF/NOAA Coastal Ocean Processes KITES and EEGLE projects on Lakes Superior and Michigan, 1999 NSF-site review team, McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER, 2002 Science of Freshwater Inland Seas (SOFIS) working group. Committee charged by NSF to develop a research agenda for large lakes of the world for the next decade, 2002-2004 ASLO Steering Committee charged by NSF to develop research initiatives for inland waters for the next decade, 2002-2004 U.S. Sale (Subglacial Antarctic Lake Environment) Committee for Limnology and Biogeochemistry, 2005-present Site representative for ARC LTER, Global Lakes Ecological Observatory Network, 2008present Workshop organizer, “Tutorials in Physical Limnology for Biologists and Chemists’. 40th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Limnologists, Canada Invited Speaker. Tropical Rift Lake Systems: Integrated Volcanologic, Tectonic, Biogeochemical and Geohazard Assessment of Lake Kivu. Gisenyi, Rwanda, January 2010 7 Panel Member – NSF Office of Polar Programs, Arctic Observing Network, April 2011 Presented over 100 lectures or papers at professional meetings and workshops, universities, research institutes, and organizations Selected University Service: Member, Advisory Committee for Marine Science Institute, 1996-2001 Chair, EEMB Computing Committee, 2006-2007 Member, Search Committee for Dean of Mathematics, Life and Physical Sciences, 2007-2008 Chair, ICESS Advisory Committee, 2008-2009 Committee for Restructuring the Undergraduate Curriculum, EEMB, 2008-2009 Member, Academic Senate Committee on Committees, 2009-2010 Member, EEMB Graduate Advisory Committee, 2008 – present Chair, Marine Science Institute Advisory Committee, 2012 Courses Taught Ecological Processes in the Aquatic Environment (upperclass undergraduate) Chemical and Physical Methods in the Aquatic Environment (upperclass undergraduate) Ecology of Lakes and Wetlands (upperclass undergraduate and graduate) Teaching Ecological Literacy (teachers and undergraduate) Flow in Aquatic Ecosystems (upperclass undergraduate and graduate) Physical-Biological Coupling (Ph.D. seminar) Freshwater Ecology (Ph.D. seminar) Supervision of Graduate Students Chair or Co-chair, Doctoral Committees for Kevin Flynn, Robyn Smyth Member, Doctoral Committees for Susan Schoen, Robert Jellison, Oscar Schofield, Jose Romero, Huamin Ma, Steven Swearer, Gabrielle Johnson, Christy Herren, Sveinn O. Palmarsson (UC Davis), Tamara Lunsman, Xinshuang Nan, Kevin Shock (Univ.Washington), Shawna McMahan, Marion Wittmann, Steven Sadro, Damon Turney, Conrado Rudorff, Jeffrey T. Rominger (MIT). Chair, Masters Committee, Avrey Parsons-Field; Member, Masters Committee, Shinichi Asao External examiner for Jennifer Verduin, Univ. Western Australia, Ph.D. Biology; Mark Bailey, Univ. Western Australia, M.S., Civil Engineering; John Hely-Hutchinson, Univ. of Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Ph.D. Geology; Angelo A. Saggio, Univ. Western Australia, Ph. D. Civil Engineering; Katherine O’Brien, Univ. Western Australia, Ph.D. Civil Engineering; Rudi Regel, University of Adelaide, Ph.D. Botany; Piet Verburg, Dept. of Biology, University of Waterloo, Canada; Clelia Marti, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. Western Australia; Andreas Gomez-Giraldo, Dept. of Civil Eng. Univ. Western Australia; Anita Huber, Dept of Civil Engineering, Univ.Western Australia; Peter Yeates, Univ. Western Australia; Peter G. Njuru, Dept. of Biology, University of Waterloo; Xing Zikun, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and Stanford University; Alexander Forrest, Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada; Sandy Ng, Centre for 8 Water Research, Univ. of Western Australia. Postdoctoral Scholars Advised William J. Shaw (now at Naval Postgraduate School), 2000-2003 Erika McPhee-Shaw (now at Moss Landing Marine Laboratory), 2000-2001 Jonathan P. Fram (now at University of Hawaii), 2005-2008 Javier Vidal Hurtado, 2009 – 2012 Edmund W. Tedford, 2010 – present Steven Sadro, 2012 - present Selected Research Expeditions Adirondack Mountains. 1971. Rift Valley lakes, Ethiopia. 1972 Freshwater and saline lakes, Kenya.1972-1974 Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. 1976 Rift Valley lakes, Kenya. 1976 Amazon floodplain lakes, Brazil.1981 and 1983 Western Australian lakes, 1987 Antarctica, Bellingshausen Sea, R-V. Polar Duke. 1990 Coastal California, R.V. Pt. Sur. 1991. Sierra Nevada lakes. 1992 and 1997 Monterey Bay, CA., R-V. Sproul. 1993 Lake Biwa, Japan.1993 Mono Lake, CA.1995, 1997, 2001 and 2007 East Sound, San Juan Islands, WA.1996 and 1998 Santa Barbara Channel, R.V. Pt. Sur.1996. Toolik Lake, Alaska. 1999-2012 Lake Tahoe, CA. 2001 Central Michigan lakes. 2003-2005 Hudson River, NY. 2005 Moorea. French Polynesia, 2005 and 2007 Adirondack Lakes, NY, 2010 Bjurholm Lakes, Sweden, 2012 9