Name___________________________
Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA “FINGERPRINTS”
DNA FINGERPRINTING (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is
laboratory technique in which a pattern of DNA sequences unique to an individual is identified.
This DNA `profile' can be used in criminal cases and paternity suits to establish identity.
We will be discussion 4 steps in this process:
PCR
RESTRICTION
ENZYMES
GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS
DNA
FINGERPRINTING
Here’s some stuff to
remember during
this lab:
PCR  copy machine
Restriction enzyme (EcoR1)  scissors
DNA  colored paper
Agarose gel  posterboard
Wells  envelopes
PCR – ______________________________________ - each cycle produces _____________
the DNA molecules. Using PCR, one can take ________________________________, a
_____________________, or ___________________________ and turn it into a whole cup full
of DNA. PCR uses ____________ to separate the DNA strands and _____________________
to build new ones.
We will use a RESTRICTION ENZYME to help _________ the DNA. A restriction enzyme
acts like molecular ___________________ to cut the DNA in specific places along the sequence.
The enzymes recognize a specific ___________ called a _________________ in the sequence.
(A ______________ is word that __________________________________________.
Examples:
Restriction enzymes are very ________________.
Example: In this lab, we will be using _____________. This enzyme only recognizes
the following sequence: _______________ and will cut it in the following way: G A A T T C
C T T A AG
Single base changes (variations between people) will change the frequency of the EcoR1 cutting
sites on a strand of DNA. This changes the ___________of the DNA pieces cut. This difference
can be _______________.These variations in lengths are called ___________ _____________
___________________ ___________________ or RFLP’s. (“Riff-Lips”)
After we cut the DNA into pieces with the _________________ _________________. We will
use GEL ELECTROPHORESIS to separate the pieces according to ______________. Gel
electrophoresis has two important parts: an ________________ ______________ and
___________________. Agarose gel is like a __________________________. Its structure is
kind of like a _________________. Therefore, since the pieces of DNA will eventually have to
wiggle through the holes, the ________________ pieces (or fragments) will go the ___________
distance. The _______________ pieces will go the ___________________ distance. And
fragments of _______________ length will go __________________ distances.
If we place the DNA fragments in the ___________ (like the “starting gates”) then run
___________________ through the gel, the DNA (which is _____________________) will run
towards the ___________________ side of the gel. Since the ______________ lengths of DNA
run different ________________ down the gel, when the electricity is shut off, and the DNA
stops moving, the DNA fragments will be _____________________. We can now compare the
DNA FINGERPRINT to another sample’s fingerprint.
Name___________________________
Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DNA “FINGERPRINTS” - KEY
DNA FINGERPRINTING (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is
laboratory technique in which a pattern of DNA sequences unique to an individual is identified.
This DNA `profile' can be used in criminal cases and paternity suits to establish identity.
We will be discussion 4 steps in this process:
PCR
RESTRICTION
ENZYMES
GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS
DNA
FINGERPRINTING
Here’s some stuff to
remember during
this lab:
PCR  copy machine
Restriction enzyme (EcoR1)  scissors
DNA  colored paper
Agarose gel  posterboard
Wells  envelopes
PCR – _____POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION_____ - each cycle produces __DOUBLE_
the DNA molecules. Using PCR, one can take ________ A DROP OF BLOOD_____, a
____SINGLE HAIR _____, or a ___SMEAR OF SEMEN ____ and turn it into a whole cup full
of DNA. PCR uses ___HEAT__ to separate the DNA strands and __DNA POLYMERASE____
to build new ones.
We will use a RESTRICTION ENZYME to help __CUT__ the DNA. A restriction enzyme
acts like molecular _____SCISSORS____ to cut the DNA in specific places along the sequence.
The enzymes recognize a specific _PATTERN_ called a ___PALINDROME__ in the sequence.
(A __ PALINDROME _ is word that READS THE SAME FORWARDS AND BACKWARDS.
Examples: MOM, RACE CAR, DROWSY SWORD, OOZY RAT IN A SANITARY ZOO.
Restriction enzymes are very _ SPECIFIC __.
Example: In this lab, we will be using __ECOR1__. This enzyme only recognizes the
following sequence: _______GAATTC___ and will cut it in the following way: G A A T T C
C T T A AG
Single base changes (variations between people) will change the frequency of the EcoR1 cutting
sites on a strand of DNA. This changes the __SIZE__of the DNA pieces cut. This difference
can be __INHERITED_.These variations in lengths are called RESTRICTION LENGTH POLY
MORPHISMS or RFLP’s. (“Riff-Lips”)
After we cut the DNA into pieces with the ____ RESTRICTION __ ___ ENZYME __. We will
use GEL ELECTROPHORESIS to separate the pieces according to ___ SIZE __.
Gel electrophoresis has two important parts: an _____AGAROSE_____ ________GEL__ and
___ ELECTRICITY _. Agarose gel is like a ______ SEAWEED JELLO______. Its structure is
kind of like a ____ SPONGE ____. Therefore, since the pieces of DNA will eventually have to
wiggle through the holes, the ___ LONGEST__ pieces (or fragments) will go the SHORTEST
distance. The ___ SHORTER __ pieces will go the ______ LONGEST ___ distance. And
fragments of ____ THE SAME___ length will go ______ THE SAME ___ distances.
If we place the DNA fragments in the ___WELLS _ (like the “starting gates”) then run
__ELECTRICITY __ through the gel, the DNA (which is NEGATIVELY-CHARGED) will run
towards the ______ POSITIVE____ side of the gel. Since the _ DIFFERENT _ lengths of DNA
run different ___ DISTANCES __ down the gel, when the electricity is shut off, and the DNA
stops moving, the DNA fragments will be ____ SEPARATED ____. We can now compare the
DNA FINGERPRINT of this sample to another sample’s fingerprint.