Discovery lab 3 –DNA comparison and protein similarity between
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Grade Level/Subject 9-Biology Unit DNA and protein synthesis Enduring Understanding SOL Objectives DNA is a code for making proteins which are chains of amino acids. Biochemical evidence supports the theory of evolution. BIO 5h, BIO 7e Title From DNA to Proteins-The Continuity of life Lesson Objective To practice translation and see the continuity among related organisms. Then compare their relatedness based on their amino acid sequences 2 depended on how much direction you want to give Inquiry Level Materials Required Pencil and paper Inquiry Lab From DNA to Proteins The Continuity of life Known facts: -DNA is a recipe for making proteins. -Proteins are made of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. -DNA triplets called codons code for RNA codon triplets that call for specific amino acids in the process to translation (protein production) -The DNA codes below code for a portion of the hemoglobin molecule in various organisms -The number of amino acids of a related protein an organism has in common with another species is an indication of their evolutionary relatedness The task… 1) Who below is most related to the human? 2) How do you know? 3) Rank them in order. 4) Can you tell just by looking at the DNA? Why or why not? Human Hemoglobin DNA code TGTAATAGAGTTGACGTGACACTATTCGAGGTACACCTGGGAGTCTTGAAGT CTAACAACCCTTTGCAGGACCACACGCATGAACGGGTG Organism 1 Hemoglobin DNA code TGCGACAGCGTCGAGGTGACACTGTTTGATGTGCAGCTAGGCGTCTTAAAAT CCAACGAACCATTGCACAACCACACGCACAATCGAGTA Organism 2 Hemoglobin DNA code CGCAACAGTCTCAATGTGACGCTGTTTGACGTGCACCTGGGTCTTTTAAAATC CGACGACCCCTTACTTGACCGTGATCATCATCGTGTG Organism 3 Hemoglobin DNA code TTCAATTCACTTGATGTGACGCTGTTTGAGGTGCAACTAGGGCTCTTAAAATT CAACAATCCTTTGTAGTATCACTAAACAGACCGTCTT Organism 4 Hemoglobin DNA code TGCGAGTCGCTTGAGGTGACGCTGTTTAATGTACAGCTAGGCCTCTTGAAGTT TAATGACCCTTTGCACAATCATACGCAAAATCGGGTG Organism 5 Hemoglobin DNA code GTTAACAGCCTCGATGTGACACTGTTTAACGTACATCTAGGCCTTTTAAAGTT TAATGACCCATTACAAGAACAGACGCACGAGCGCGTA Helpful student worksheet Organism ________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 DNA codon RNA codon Amino acid DNA codon RNA codon Amino acid DNA codon RNA codon Amino acid TEACHER’S CHECK SHEET FOR FINAL ANSWERS ORGANISM HUMAN CHIMPANZEE GORILLA R. MONKEY HORSE KANGAROO AMINO ACID NUMBER AND SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 THR LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS THR LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS THR LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS GLN LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ALA LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS LYS LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS 8 ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP 9 LYS LYS LYS LYS LYS LYS ORGANISM HUMAN CHIMPANZEE GORLILLA R. MONKEY HORSE KANGAROO AMINO ACID NUMBER AND SEQUENCE 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 HIS VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE HIS VAL ASP P PRO GLU ASN PHE HIS VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE HIS VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE HIS VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE HIS VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE 18 ARG ARG LYS LRS ARG LYS 19 LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU AMINO ACID NUMBER AND SEQUENCE ORGANISM 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 HUMAN GLY ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL CHIMPANZEE GLY ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL GORILLA GLY ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL R. MONKEY GLY ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL HORSE GLY ASN VAL LEU ALA LEU VAL KANGAROO GLY ASN ILE ILE VAL ILE CYS PAIRWISE COMPARISON KEY HUMAN TO ORGANISM 1 (CHIMPANZEE) HUMAN TO ORGANISM 2 (HORSE) HUMAN TO ORGANISM 3 (KANGAROO) HUMAN TO ORGANISM 4 (GORILLA) HUMAN TO ORGANISM 5 (R. MONKEY) PAIRWISE COMPARISON KEYIn order or relatedness 28 LEU LEU LEU LEU VAL LEU 10 LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU 29 ALA ALA ALA ALA ALA ALA 20 LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU LEU 30 HIS HIS HIS HIS ARG GLU AMINO ACIDS DIFFERENT FROM HUMAN IN THIS SECTION OF THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE 0 4 7 1 2 AMINO ACIDS DIFFERENT FROM HUMAN IN THIS SECTION OF THE HUMAN TO CHIMPANZEE HUMAN TO GORILLA HUMAN TO R. MONKEY HUMAN TO HORSE HUMAN TO KANGAROO HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULE 0 1 2 4 7 TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism HUMAN – REFERNCE ORGANISM 1 DNA TGT codon RNA ACA codon Amino THR acid 2 AAT 3 AGA 4 GTT 5 GAC 6 GTG 7 ACA 8 CTA 9 TTC 10 GAG UUA UCU CAA CUG CAC UGU GAU AAG CUC LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTA codon RNA CAU codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAC 13 CTG 14 GGA 15 GTC 16 TTG 17 AAG 18 TCT 19 AAC 20 AAC GUG GAC CCU CAG AAC UUC AGA UUG UUG VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE ARG LEU LEU 21 CCT 22 TTG 23 CAG 24 GAC 25 CAC 26 ACG 27 CAT 28 GAA 29 CGG 30 GTG AAC GUC CUG GUG UGC GUA GUU GCC CAC ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL LEU ALA HIS DNA codon RNA GGA codon Amino GLY acid TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism CHIMPANZEE – ORGANISM 1 1 DNA TCG codon RNA ACG codon Amino THR acid 2 GAC 3 AGC 4 GTC 5 GAG 6 GTG 7 ACA 8 CTG 9 TTT 10 GAT CUG UCG CAG CUC CAC UGU GAC AAA CUA LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTG codon RNA CAC codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAG 13 CTA 14 GGC 15 GTC 16 TTA 17 AAA 18 TCC 19 AAC 20 GAA GUC GAU CCG CAG AAU UUU AGG UUG CUU VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE ARG LEU LEU 21 CCA 22 TTG 23 CAC 24 AAC 25 CAC 26 ACG 27 CAC 28 AAT 29 CGA 30 GTA AAC GUG UUG GUG UGC GUG UUA GCU CAU ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL LEU ALA HIS DNA codon RNA GGU codon Amino GLY acid TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism GORILLA-ORGANISM 4 1 DNA TGC codon RNA ACG codon Amino THR acid 2 GAG 3 TCG 4 CTT 5 GAG 6 GTG 7 ACG 8 CTG 9 TTT 10 AAT CUC AGC GAA CUC CAC UGC GAC AAA UUA LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTA codon RNA CAU codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAG 13 CTA 14 GGC 15 CTC 16 TTG 17 AAG 18 TTT 19 AAT 20 GAC GUC GAU CCG GAG AAC UUC AAA UUA CUG VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE LYS LEU LEU 21 CCT 22 TTG 23 CAC 24 AAT 25 CAT 26 ACG 27 CAA 28 AAT 29 CGG 30 GTG AAC GUG UUA GUA UGC GUU UUA GCC CAC ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL LEU ALA HIS DNA codon RNA GGA codon Amino GLY acid TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism R. MONKEY- ORGANISM 5 1 DNA GTT codon RNA CAA codon Amino GLN acid 2 AAC 3 AGC 4 CTC 5 GAT 6 GTG 7 ACA 8 CTG 9 TTT 10 AAC UUG UCG GAG CUA CAC UGU GAC AAA UUG LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTA codon RNA CAU codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAT 13 CTA 14 GGC 15 CTT 16 TTA 17 AAG 18 TTT 19 AAT 20 GAC GUA GAU CCG GAA AAU UUC AAA UUA CUG VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE LYS LEU LEU 21 CCA 22 TTA 23 CAA 24 GAA 25 CAG 26 ACG 27 CAC 28 GAG 29 CGC 30 GTA AAU GUU CUU GUC UGC GUG CUC GCG CAU ASN VAL LEU VAL CYS VAL LEU ALA HIS DNA codon RNA GGU codon Amino GLY acid TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism HORSE- ORGANISM 2 1 DNA CGC codon RNA GCG codon Amino ALA acid 2 AAC 3 AGT 4 CTC 5 AAT 6 GTG 7 ACG 8 CTG 9 TTT 10 GAC UUG UCA GAG UUA CAC UGC GAC AAA CUG LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTG codon RNA CAC codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAC 13 CTG 14 GGT 15 CTT 16 TTA 17 AAA 18 TCC 19 GAC 20 GAC GUG GAC CCA GAA AAU UUU AGG CUG CUG VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE ARG LEU LEU 21 CCC 22 TTA 23 CTT 24 GAC 25 CGT 26 GAT 27 CAT 28 CAT 29 CGT 30 GTG AAU GAA CUG GCA CUA GUA GUA GCA CAC ASN VAL LEU ALA LEU VAL VAL ALA ARG DNA codon RNA GGG codon Amino GLY acid TEACHER helpful CHEAT sheet Organism KANGAROO- ORGANISM 3 1 DNA TTC codon RNA AAG codon Amino LYS acid 2 AAT 3 TCA 4 CTT 5 GAT 6 GTG 7 ACG 8 CTG 9 TTT 10 GAG UUA AGU GAA CUA CAC UGC GAC AAA CUC LEU SER GLU LEU HIS CYS ASP LYS LEU 11 DNA GTG codon RNA CAC codon Amino HIS acid 12 CAA 13 CTA 14 GGG 15 CTC 16 TTA 17 AAA 18 TTC 19 AAC 20 AAT GUU GAU CCC GAG AAU UUU AAG UUG UUA VAL ASP PRO GLU ASN PHE LYS LEU LEU 21 CCT 22 TTG 23 TAG 24 TAT 25 CAC 26 TAA 27 ACA 28 GAC 29 CGT 30 CTT AAC AUC AUA GUG AUU UGU CUG GCA GAA ASN ILE ILE VAL ILE CYS LEU ALA GLU DNA codon RNA GGA codon Amino GLY acid
