Immigration: Settlement, Integration and Membership
Institute for the Social Sciences at Cornell
Theme Project Proposal
February 2010
Team Leader: Michael Jones-Correa, Department of Government
Team Members:
Maria Cristina Garcia, Department of History
Douglas Gurak, Department of Development Sociology
Mary Katzenstein, Department of Government
Sharon Sassler, Department of Policy Analysis and Management
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Overview
Immigration is a central component of the American experience, yet history shows that
immigration also triggers questions and anxieties about the integration of newcomers, the
terms of their inclusion, and national identity in the United States (Smith, 1997; King;
2000; Tienda, 2002; Hirschman, 2005; Huntington, 2004). The U.S. is currently in the
midst of a renewed period of immigration, which began in the 1960s and has coincided
with the transition from a manufacturing to a service economy, a period of rising wage
inequality (Tienda and Mitchell, 2006; Levy, 1998; Danziger and Gottschalk, 1993), and
more recently, population aging as the baby boom generation approaches retirement
(Myers, 2007). Between 1960 and 2000, immigration (and immigrant fertility) not only
added over 47 million people to the U.S. population, but also drove the ethnic
diversification of the population. During the 1990s alone, over 14 million immigrants
arrived to the United States, and the first decade of the 21st century is projected to add an
additional 15 million, a new historical high (Meissner, et al., 2006).
The current wave of mass migration differs from earlier waves in three important ways
that bear on the integration prospects of newcomers: (1) a change in source countries
from Europe to Latin America and Asia; (2) a high share of undocumented among the
foreign‐born; and (3) a shift in settlement patterns away from traditional gateways to
nontraditional destinations. These changes have rekindled political debates about the
costs and benefits of immigration, raising a myriad of theoretical, substantive, and
practical questions about the settlement of recent arrivals, particularly those who settle in
nontraditional destinations and their integration and inclusion as fully participating
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members of society in the United States.
These questions are both timely and important: they have been the subject of persistent
debate both in the academy and outside it throughout American history, but, in the
context of the current wave of immigration, are particularly salient today. It is likely, for
instance, that the U.S. Congress will once again proceed with some attempt at reform of
the immigration system before the 2010 elections. Whether this effort succeeds or fails
depends in good measure on how legislators and interest groups address concerns and
questions about immigrant settlement, integration and inclusion.
The proposed theme project cannot focus on all of the issues and questions around
immigration: instead it highlights two sets of approaches: the first, on immigrant
settlement and integration, particularly in new destination areas, and the second, on
immigrant inclusion and membership, particularly with regard to permanent residence
and social rights. This theme project builds on the institutional resources and expertise
concentrated here at Cornell to focus on the unanswered questions suggested above:
First, where and how is immigrant settlement occurring? How are contemporary patterns
of immigrant settlement different from historical patterns and why? Why do settlement
patterns differ across places and national origin groups? How are immigrant settlement
and inclusion mediated by differences in immigrant status and institutional contexts?
And second, how are new residents accorded social and political rights and membership?
Once arrived, should migrants – documented and undocumented, immigrants and
refugees—be treated as temporary residents or as potential citizens?
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Settlement and Integration
How and where immigrants settle is a central question in immigration studies, with
contributions from demography, sociology, and history. What is new is that immigration
settlement is now more dispersed than it has ever been historically (Frey 2006). The
geographic dispersal of the foreign‐born, and recent arrivals in particular, has not escaped
the notice of social scientists. Social scientists have described the changing geographic
distribution of the foreign-born population in the United States in some detail (e.g., see
Leach and Bean, 2008; Massey and Capoferro, 2008; Card and Lewis, 2007; Zuñiga and
Hernández‐León, 2005), and several recent social science volumes have assembled
collections of case studies about specific places, industries and national origin groups
(Gozdiak and Martin, 2005; Zuñiga and Hernández‐León, 2005; Massey, 2008; Singer,
Hardwick and Brettell, 2008). What has been missing, however, is a broader theory of
immigrant settlement. It is possible that the diversity of methods, foci, and locations
studied has delayed any “meta‐synthesis” about the how and why of immigrant
settlement, particularly settlement in nontraditional areas. This avenue of inquiry,
however, has been significantly advanced here at Cornell through the work of scholars
such as Gurak, Kritz and Lichter (see: Kritz and Gurak 2010; Kritz, Gurak and Lee 2009;
Kritz and Gurak 2009, Kritz, Gurak and Lee 2008; as well as Lichter and Johnson 2009,
2006; Johnson and Lichter 2008). These authors have pioneered models of initial
migration, and the determinants of immigrant streams to new receiving destinations, and
of immigrant secondary migration. This theme project proposes to continue the study of
immigrants’ settlement decisions, addressing questions of variation across time, place and
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by national origin group.
We expect that the elaboration of settlement processes will be illuminated as well by an
exploration of immigrant integration. No aspect of immigration has been more studied
than integration or assimilation, broadly defined as the process by which immigrants
become a part of their host society (see Alba and Nee 2003; for overviews see
Hirschmann, Kasinitz and DeWind 1999; Waters and Eschbach 1995; Hirchmann 1983).
However, a major theoretical consideration is whether (and if so how) the changing
demography of immigrant settlement away from the traditional gateways challenges
conventional theories of assimilation, for example, by re‐defining intergroup relations
(specifically, competition for shared resources) (McClain et al. 2006); by altering spatial
dynamics (specifically, residential segregation and housing competition) (Cravey 2007);
by lowering barriers to the inter‐regional mobility of labor; and/or by re‐fashioning
established political alliances. Equally important are substantive questions about whether
and in what ways the contexts of reception differ, such that integration is accelerated or
retarded; whether migrant settlement patterns raise or lower residential segregation and
social isolation; and what national, state and local circumstances increase or decrease the
likelihood of antagonism toward immigrants.
Finally, both the newness of the immigrant geographic dispersal and the socioeconomic
and institutional diversity of the places involved calls for a more systematic
understanding of integration from the perspective of both immigrants and their host
communities. The regulation of immigration is a federal responsibility, but state and local
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governments share administrative control over various resources that promote integration.
For example, the federal government has jurisdiction over important prerequisites of
integration, such as ease of acquisition of legal status, civil and political rights, and
prospects for family reunification. Both federal and state authorities govern access to
social benefits that serve as safety nets for immigrants, and states and local communities
share responsibility for educational resources that are vital to socialize and integrate the
children of immigrants (Marrow 2007; Bloemraad 2005; Jones-Correa 2005, 2006, 2008;
Lewis and Ramakrishnan 2004). The proliferation of state legislation and local
ordinances restricting access to social consumption services (e.g., education, medical
care) and work for immigrants suggests that the distributional imbalances of costs and
benefits are particularly evident in new immigrant destinations, which often lack the
social infrastructure to facilitate integration of the foreign‐born present in the traditional
gateways (Rodriguez, et al., 2007; Massey 2007).
Localities provide contexts for integration within which immigrants assimilate into their
new country of residence – or not. Arguments regarding the extent to which immigrants
attempt to “become Americans,” by shedding the distinctive traits brought from their
country of origin (such as language, orientation towards education, as well as hard skills)
and adapting the behaviors of long-term citizens of the United States have raged for
nearly as long as our country has been a sovereign nation. Critics of immigration assert
that contemporary migrants are not adapting as rapidly to life in the United States as did
previous waves of immigrants (Borjas 2006). Those arriving in the United States over
100 years ago are often used as a yardstick to measure the progress of contemporary
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migrant groups (Borjas 2001). Such assertions overlook the diversity among immigrants
of a hundred years ago, as well as how adaptation differed by region of arrival, as well as
gender and race (or perceived race) (Perlmann, 2007; Sassler, 2006). Many factors affect
the pathways by which the foreign-born and their children adapt to life in the United
States, including their place of settlement, the selectivity of those migrating, their human
capital was well as where they fit in the American racial hierarchy (Feliciano, 2006;
Portes and Zhou 1993). How will children of today’s immigrants adapt? How does legal
status—a factor with widely varying application among historical immigrants, but central
to the experience of contemporary immigrants (Ngai 2005)—shape the integration of
immigrants—and their children? And while much of the emphasis of late has focused on
low-skilled immigrants, what of the sizable proportion of foreign-born who obtain entry
to the United States because of their desired skills? Will their children continue on a path
of education and upward mobility (Kasinitz et al. 2008; Alba and Nee 2003)?
Membership and Inclusion
As immigration to the United States increased steadily through the 1980s, there was an
increasingly vociferous debate not only about the desirable levels of immigration, but
also about the rights accorded to migrants once they arrived. The revamping of
immigration laws in 1965 coincided with the expansion and consolidation of the
(admittedly attenuated version of the) American welfare state. As a result of a series of
administrative and judicial decisions the general policy became, almost by default, that
permanent resident aliens received basically the same package of right and social services
as citizens (Schuck and Smith 1985). By the late 1980s, however, there was a widespread
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perception that immigrants were abusing these rights and were particularly likely to take
advantage of the welfare system (Borjas and Hilton 1996; Borjas and Trejo 1991).
Proposition 187, which was approved by voters in the state of California in 1994, was the
first sign of the backlash against non-citizen rights. Proposition 187 was designed to
significantly restrict taxpayer-supported benefits, including health, welfare and education,
to undocumented immigrants. Federal courts blocked its implementation (McDonnell
1997; Lesher 1997), but in 1996 Congress modelled legislation—the Personal
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act— on the failed California proposition,
significantly limiting eligibility for welfare and other public benefit programs. The
legislation barred undocumented immigrants from access to all federal public benefit
programs, and went beyond Proposition 187 in barring most legal permanent residents
from participation in Social Security and Food Stamp programs, and in banning all new
resident non-citizens from being entitled to federal means-tested programs like AFDC
(Aid for Dependent Children) (Weiss 1998; Schuck 1997; Schmitt 1996). The message
was that publicly-funded social services were not intended for non-citizens, even if these
individuals resided permanently in the United States and contributed to local, state and
federal coffers through the payment of sales, property and income taxes.
In the same year Congress also passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), which catalyzed a process of immigrant criminalization
through two separate legal instruments. First, the IIRIRA contained a provision requiring
electronic tracking of each individual arriving in and departing from the United States,
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creating an underclass of undocumented migrants who were eligible, by their very
presence, for deportation. Second, the Act precipitated a rapid increase in deportations
even among those who had been residing in the U.S. as permanent legal residents by redefining the conditions for detention and deportation (Fragomen 1997; Langenfeld 1999;
Morawetz 1999-2000). Between 1995 and 1996, removals rose by 19,000. In the
following two years, the numbers jumped to 44,000 and 58,000 respectively. So-called
criminal removals of legal permanent residents jumped from 4,500 in 1996 to 11,000 in
1997 (see Foster 1997-1998). IIRIRA stipulated that anyone deported under these
criminal regulations were ineligible for readmission to the United States indefinitely. In
short, the IIRIRA defined a new set of conditions for membership for permanent legal
residents, undocumented aliens, asylees and refugees alike. The events of September 11,
2001 further complicated discussions of immigration and asylum matters, with concerns
over national security often trumping humanitarian obligations (Cooper 2006-2007;
Ramji 2001). The proposed Refugee Protection Act of 2001 (S. 1311), for example,
designed to streamline adjudication and offer asylum applicants certain protections,
stalled in Congress; and in the wake of 9/11, U.S. annual refugee quotas have gone halffilled.
Arguably, the legislation passed in 1996 marked a tectonic shift in U.S. immigration
policy, shifting a long-standing stance toward immigrant rights and membership, and
raising a number of critical theoretical and legal questions: What kinds of rights should
non-citizen residents in the United States entitled to? Should refugees, asylees and
undocumented workers be treated as potential citizens or simply be given temporary
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haven? (Morawetz 1999-2000; Ramji 2001). Since 1996 U.S. law has shifted toward the
latter. Has the shift post 1996 marked an abandonment of liberal thinking about
immigration or has the turn to a more punitive paradigm in fact deployed liberal
constructs in newly restrictive ways? Have discussions of ‘proportionality’ that date back
to the liberal writings of Beccaria (1995 [1764]) been invoked or ignored in debates over
crime and immigration? Has the idea of a social contract – fundamental to liberal
democracy – been reconfigured to focus less on social membership and more on legal
accountability?
**
Scholars working on questions of settlement and integration and those working on issues
of membership and inclusion approach these issues from very different disciplinary
starting points. The former are rooted in the disciplinary approaches of demography,
sociology and political science, while the starting point for the latter is often history and
the law. Immigration research rooted in a particular field or disciplinary approach may
offer highly developed studies, which, however, would benefit from interaction with
other approaches to related questions. These interactions serve, among other things, to
highlight disciplinary blind spots, which in turn point to research frontiers in immigration
research: areas in which interactions across disciplines may lead to fruitful collaborative
research.
Team Members
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The five core members of the team span multiple disciplines, colleges and departments at
Cornell, but each conducts key research linked to the project’s emphasis on questions of
settlement, integration, and membership of immigrants in the United States.
Maria Cristina Garcia is Professor of History in the College of Arts and Sciences. Her
first book, Havana USA, examined the migration of Cubans to the south Florida after
Fidel Castro took power in 1959, amassing in a single generation significant political and
economic influence. Havana USA addressed the role of immigration policy in shaping
Cuban-American integration and assimilation in the United States. Professor Garcia’s
second book, Seeking Refuge, examined Central American migration to Mexico, the
United States, and Canada during the political upheaval of the 1980s and 1990s. She
examined the response of governments in the region to the presence of Salvadoran,
Guatemalan, and Nicaraguan refugees within their borders, and how their policies
influenced the character and flow of migration across the region. These policies were
themselves shaped by pressure on the part of individuals, groups, and organizations that
responded to the refugee crisis, and who worked within and across national borders to
shape a more responsive refugee policy. Garcia is currently working on a new project, a
study of refugee policy in the United States since the end of the Cold War.
Michael Jones-Correa is Professor of Government at Cornell University. He is a coauthor of Latino Lives in America: Making It Home (Temple, 2010), the author of
Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City (Cornell,
1998), and the editor of Governing American Cities: Inter-Ethnic Coalitions, Competition
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and Conflict (Russell Sage Foundation, 2001). Professor Jones-Correa is currently
completing projects on the increasing ethnic diversity of suburbs and its implication for
local and national politics; multi-authored analyses of the 2006 Latino National Survey, a
national state-stratified survey of Latinos in the United States for which he was a
principal investigator; and is engaging in collaborative research on new fast-growing
immigrant-receiving areas in the United States. He expects to be starting a new project on
second-generation immigrant political socialization and incorporation in the United
States, paying particular attention to how the political participation children of
immigrants varies by the legal status and the contexts of reception of their parents.
Jones-Correa has been a visiting fellow at the Russell Sage Foundation 1998-1999, the
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 2003-2004, and the Center for the
Study of Democratic Politics at Princeton University in 2009-2010. In 2004-2005 he
served on the Committee on the Redesign of US Naturalization Test for the National
Academy of Sciences.
Mary Fainsod Katzenstein is the Stephen and Evalyn Milman Professor of American
Studies and professor in the Government Department and Feminist, Gender, and
Sexuality Studies Program. She has written on feminist activism cross-nationally
focusing particularly on the United States, Europe, and India. She is the author of
Faithful and Fearless: Moving Feminist Protest inside the Church and Military
(Princeton University Press, 1998) and co-author, along with Judith Reppy, of Beyond
Zero Tolerance: Discrimination and Military Culture in the U.S. (Rowman and
Littlefield, 1999). She is also the co-editor with Carol Mueller of The Women’s
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Movements of the United States and Western Europe (Temple University Press, 1987)
and with Raka Ray of Social Movements in India: Poverty, Power and Politics (Rowman
and Littlefield, 2005). Her current project addresses issues of movement activism,
incarceration and citizenship in the United States; in particular she is interested in the
detention and deportation of undocumented migrants and legal residents following the
passage of the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act.
Douglas Gurak is Professor of Development Sociology in the College of Agriculture and
Life Sciences. His research program has two major foci: The first is on the processes of
ethnic integration and differentiation in the U.S. Gurak is currently studying the
dynamics of the internal migration of immigrants to the U.S. and the linkages between
immigration and the migratory patterns of native-born residents. This work extends
earlier efforts that examined labor market and household adaptations of immigrants and
the evolving living arrangements of immigrant elderly. Gurak recently completed a
Census 2000 Population Reference Bureau monograph focusing on shifts over the past
three decades in the patterns of integration of immigrant populations, and is working on a
Russell Sage Foundation-supported investigation of the forces shaping the internal
migration and redistribution of the foreign-born population of the United States. That
project has involved the successful completion of parallel proposals to the U.S. Census
Bureau in order to gain access to restricted Census and American Community Survey
data at the New York Census Research Data Center.
Sharon Sassler is Associate Professor of Policy and Applied Management in the College
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of Human Ecology. As a social demographer, Sassler examines factors shaping the
activities of young adults and their life course transitions into school and work,
relationships, and parenthood. Much of her research explores how these transitions vary
by gender, race/ethnicity, and social class. Some current projects examine the tempo of
different stages in relationship progression and their association with relationship quality,
the processes underlying entrance into cohabiting unions, the meaning co-habitors assign
to their unions, and the impact of family experiences while young on subsequent fertility
events and union transitions (into marriage or cohabitation). Sassler is currently
examining the family-building experiences of young adults who were born to unmarried
mothers, and the pace of relationship progression among contemporary young adults, as
well as pregnancy experiences and intentions of cohabiting young adults. Her most
recent collaboration involves examining how family experiences, including immigration,
shape the retention and promotion of women in science and technology careers.
The remaining team members will be recruited in the spring of 2010 through an open
competition. The team will bring together scholars who can work together to pursue
questions of immigrant settlement, integration and inclusion with an interdisciplinary
lens. The set of potential participants with interests in immigration working here at
Cornell could be drawn from colleges and programs ranging from Sociology, Economics,
and History and Film in the Arts College, to the School of Industrial and Labor Relations,
the Johnson School, Human Ecology, AEM and the Law School. We would like to
supplement the core team with additional team members who can bring economic or
legal research to bear on the questions raised, and we will pay particular attention to
adding team members with strong historical and/or comparative expertise, to place the
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U.S. focused work of the core group into perspective. We hope that the application
process will reveal others on campus, both in the social sciences and related disciplines,
who have an interest in immigration-related research.
Plans
The primary purpose of the proposed theme project is to knit together the expertise of
immigration researchers across campus and to build on this expertise to generate new
research outcomes, expanding the theoretical frontier of immigration studies, while
building on and strengthening the institutional resources for immigration studies available
on campus.
We expect that in year 1 of the project will be devoted to the organization of the team and
its proposed activities, concluding with a talk to launch the initiative in the spring of that
year. The first year will also see the selection and invitation of younger scholars to
participate in the ISS project’s activities. Two post-doctoral fellows will join the team in
year two. These post-doctoral fellowships will be advertised internationally.
Fellowships will provide a stipend, fringe, as well as research and travel expenses.
In
addition, limited research funds of up to $2000 each will be provided to a small group of
advanced graduate students at Cornell, who will receive these funds in year 1, and will be
expected to take part in, and possibly present their work in, the research seminar and
workshops in year 2.
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In the second year, the team will participate in weekly lunchtime seminars and a number
of one-day workshops aimed at fostering cutting-edge collaborative research among team
members and affiliates. These activities will be matched by outreach to the broader
university and outside community through public lectures, a film series and teaching.
The ISS team proposes to organize two seminar series that would run concurrently in
year two of the project: the first of these would be on immigrant settlement and
integration and the second on immigrant membership and inclusion. The weekly seminar
series would primarily emphasize dynamics at work in the U.S., but would draw on
scholars both within and outside Cornell to include perspectives on processes underway
in OECD countries and in less developed countries as well. [names deleted].
Presentations by team members at the seminars will be supplemented with presentations
by Cornell faculty and students of works-in-progress, including grant proposals, ideagenerating papers, and partially completed analyses. Participants (affiliates both within
and outside Cornell) will be expected to share papers ahead of time, and will have a
limited outside audience. Critical feedback obtained before a project is completed tends
to generate more collaboration, creativity, and cross-disciplinary insights. The focus of
the seminars will be on improving scholarly work and modifying research protocols
before publication or grant submission. We expect to invite a number of external
collaborators to participate in these seminar series. Apart from seminar presentations and
mini-conferences, outside guests may be invited to deliver public lectures, as organized in
cooperation with other members of the Cornell community.
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We expect that the seminar series will be accompanied by up to six one-day miniconferences or workshops in the second year of the ISS theme project cycle as developed
by the team participants, or around themes that emerge in the course of the second year
seminars. These one-day workshops might explore variation in the processes of
immigration across time and place; for example, how are the questions raised about Islam
in democratic societies in Europe in the 21st century similar to the questions raised about
the role Catholicism in the United States in the 19th? Workshops could look at how labor
force needs in immigration countries connect to immigration in post-industrial
economies. Today’s international migration flows to these economies include both large
numbers of unskilled and skilled workers but research has tended to ignore differences in
the determinants and consequences of different types of migration flows. Workshops
might also include comparative work on the types of contexts in receiving countries that
do a better job of attracting, retaining and integrating immigrants as well as consider the
economic, social and political factors that shape immigrant dispersion to new receiving
areas. They could also address questions ranging from how variation in the age structure
of the receiving society influences immigrant reception to the effect of parental legal
status on second-generation political incorporation.
Workshops might emphasize the impact of changing immigration policy and enforcement
in the United States and in Europe, and the effects on immigrant welfare, health,
education and labor force participation. What are the effects, for instance, of denying
access to state-funded higher education to immigrants that arrived as children? How do
changes in visa distribution shape the labor force, among the highly educated and skilled
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as well as for the unskilled, and relationships with the native-born population?
Workshops might also examine the detention policies that have resulted in the wholesale
expulsion of hundreds of thousands of migrants from developed countries, and the
consequences for families often left divided across borders. Other topics might include
an examination of how national censuses, including the 2010 U.S. decennial census and
the new American Community Survey (which replaces the long-form), address issues
around counting the foreign born, national origin, and legal and unauthorized immigrants;
the proposed immigration legislation currently being prepared in the U.S. Congress; and
the aging of the first generation in receiving states and sub-state areas and the
implications for already strained state welfare systems, health care (e.g., culturallysensitive pediatrics and obstetrics programs), and school districts (e.g., English language
emersion or ESL). We will strongly encourage and indeed expect that these workshops
and mini-conferences will generate collaborative funding proposals, taking advantage of
the individual disciplinary interests of our members, but informed by interdisciplinary
perspectives and united in addressing a common set of problems.
In year 2 we also wish to fund a number of undergraduate research projects related to the
project theme, perhaps targeting these funds in particular for courses that have service
learning components like Garcia’s History 4850 “Immigration: History, Theory, &
Practice,” Craib’s course “Farmworkers,” or to Cornell’s Farmworker Program
(http://vivo.cornell.edu/individual/vivo/CornellFarmworkerProgram), which has a focus
on immigrant labor in upstate New York. Above we noted the IIRIRA has significantly
increased the numbers of those awaiting deportation from the United States. ICE’s
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primary facility in the Northeast, which is increasingly run by private companies, is the
Batavia Detention Center, approximately three hours from Ithaca. Visits to the facility
can be incorporated as part of the project’s teaching and/or workshops.
Finally, we also hope to develop a film series together with Cornell Cinema, and in
consultation with Professor Sabine Haenni, Department of Film, Theatre and Dance,
around the immigration questions central to the project. (There are an increasing number
of films on migration themes, e.g. The Immigrant (1917), Someone Else’s America
(1995), La Ciudad (1999), Bread and Roses (2000, Balseros (2002), From the Other
Side (2002), Maria Full of Grace (2004), God Grew Tired of US (2006), The Visitor
(2007) and Crossing Over (2009), just to name a few; see also:
http://www.irle.berkeley.edu/immigration/teachers/films.html). Discussions following
each screening will feature the filmmakers whenever possible. Given the large and varied
immigrant and refugee population in Ithaca, we would like to draw on them as both a
resource as well as a potential audience. Despite its relatively small size, Ithaca has Iraqi
translators, Tibetan monks, Burmese refugees, City of Asylum-sponsored poets and
artists, Mexican farm workers, Guatemalan dairy workers and former Soviet defectors
among its residents. The possibilities for joint collaborations are endless, such as
exhibitions with Johnson Museum, oral history projects with the Tompkins County
History Center, conversations at the local high school on issues of cultural diversity.
Project Goals
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This proposal for the 2010-2013 ISS theme project seeks to build on the considerable
expertise that already exists at Cornell around the related issues of immigration
settlement, integration and inclusion. This expertise ranges across at least seven colleges
and a wide number of departments in the university. There are highly-regarded
researchers at Cornell working on the demography of immigrant settlement, immigration
in new receiving areas; the settlement of immigrants in metropolitan areas; immigrant
integration and assimilation over time; and on immigrants within a legal framework. The
breadth and depth of the research expertise at Cornell is as great as at any other top
research university; however, as at other institutions it also reflects the highly fragmented
nature of study in this interdisciplinary area. While faculty and graduate students engaged
in studies of migration at Cornell have been collaborating as a group since 2007 (see
http://polson.cals.cornell.edu/migration_issues.htm), hosting (with the support of the
Polson Institute and the Cornell Population Program) speakers and events, this ISS theme
project will serve to bring faculty and graduate students together to engage in
conversation around a set of key theoretical and policy research areas, generating new
collaborations across colleges and departments at Cornell.
More concretely we expect three institutional outcomes from this ISS project on
immigration: 1) The theme project will contribute to the Cornell Population Program’s
NICHD proposal submission in 2012, highlighting the study of population movements as
a key part of the center’s mission. 2) It will further institutionalize the role of the
Migration Issues Group (MIG) in fostering immigration research, expanding the
participation of other units, particularly the Law School. A core group of MIG
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participants will be involved in the ISS project either as team members or affiliates. 3)
The ISS theme project will generate collaborative funding proposals (e.g. to the National
Science Foundation, Russell Sage, MacArthur or Pew foundations), which will take
engage common issues from interdisciplinary perspectives. Other important outcomes
will include highlighting teaching on immigration issues on campus, increased
collaborations both on and off campus, added attention to Cornell social science in the
form of publications, citations and new invitations to participate in other projects and
events. Together we expect the results of this ISS theme project on immigration will
raise Cornell’s national and international profile while institutionalizing Cornell’s
capacity for innovative immigration research.
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22
Feliciano, Cynthia. 2006. “Beyond the Family: The Influence of Pre-migration Group
Status on the Educational Expectations of Immigrants Children.” Sociology of
Education, 79, 281-303.
Foster, Dulce. 1997-1998. “Judge, Jury and Executioner: INS Summary-Exclusion
Power Under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act
of 1996.” University of Minnesota Law Review 82 pp. 209-248.
Fragomen, Austin. 2007. “The Illegal Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of
1996: An Overview.” International Migration Review 31:2 pp. 438-460.
Frey, William H. “Diversity Spreads Out: Metropolitan Shifts in Hispanic, Asian and
Black Populations Since 2000.” Brookings Institution.
www.brookings.edu/reports/2006/03demographics_frey.aspx
______. “Immigration, Domestic Migration and Demographic Balkanization in America:
New Evidence for the 1990s. Population and Development Review 22:4 pp. 741763.
Gozdziak, Elzbieta M. and Susan F. Martin, editors. 2005. Beyond the Gateway:
Immigrants in a Changing America. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Hirschman, Charles. 1983. "America's Melting Pot Reconsidered." Annual Review of
Sociology 9:397‐423.
Hirschman, Charles, Philip Kasinitz and Josh DeWind, editors. 1999. The Handbook of
International Migration: The American Experience. New York: Russell Sage
Foundation.
Johnson, Kenneth M., and Daniel T. Lichter. 2008. "Natural Increase: A New Source of
Population Growth in Emerging Hispanic Destinations." Population and
Development Review 34:327-346.
Jones-Correa, Michael. 2004. "Racial and Ethnic Diversity and the Politics of Education
in Suburbia." Presented at the American Political Science Association Annual
Meeting, Chicago.
______ 2005. "The Bureaucratic Incorporation of Immigrants in Suburbia." Conference
on “Immigration to the United States,” Russell Sage Foundation, New York City;
February 2‐3.
_______ 2008. "Immigrant Incorporation in Suburbia: The Role of Bureaucratic Norms
in Education." Pp. 308‐40 in New Faces in New Places: The Changing
Geography of American Immigration, edited by Douglas S. Massey. New York:
Russell Sage Foundation.
23
Kasinitz, Phillip, Mollenkopf, John H., Waters, Mary C., and Holdaway, Jennifer 2008.
Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age. Harvard University
Press.
King, Desmond. 2000. Making Americans: Immigration, Race, and the Origins of the
Diverse Democracy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kritz, Mary and Douglas Gurak. 2010 “The Foreign-Born in New Destinations. Are The
Settling or Circulating?” Paper accepted for presentation in Session on New
Destinations, Population Association of America, April 14-17, 2010, Dallas,
Texas.
______ 2009. “Destination Choices of Foreign-Born Internal Migrants: National Origin
Differences in Dispersion.” Revise and resubmit, Demography.
Kritz, Mary, Douglas Gurak, and M. Lee. 2009 “Foreign-Born Internal Migration an
Dispersion Dynamics,” Poster Paper presented at 2009 International Census
Research Data Center Conference, October 5, 2009, organized by CISER, Cornell
University.
______ 2008. “Internal Migration of Immigrants to New Destinations: Individual and
Context Determinants.” Working Paper, Cornell University.
Langenfeld, Amy. 1999. “Living in Limbo: Mandatory Detention of Immigrants Under
the Illegal Immigration Reform and Responsibility Act of 1996.” Arizona State
Law Journal 31 pp. 1041-1069.
Leach, Mark and Frank D. Bean. 2008. "Changing Faces/Changing Places: The
Emergence of Non‐Metropolitan Immigrant Gateways." New Faces in New
Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration, edited by Douglas S.
Massey. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Lesher, Dave. 1997. “Deadlock on Prop. 187 Has Backers, Governor Fuming,” Los
Angeles Times. Saturday, November 8.
Lewis, Paul G. and S. K. Ramakrishnan. 2004. "Open Arms?: The Receptivity of Cities
and Local Officials to Immigrants and their Concerns." Paper presented at
American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago.
Levy, Frank. 1998. The New Dollars and Dreams: American Incomes and Economic
Change. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Lichter, Daniel T., and Kenneth M. Johnson. 2009. "Immigrant Gateways and Hispanic
Migration to New Destinations." International Migration Review 43:496-518.
______ 2006. “Emerging Rural Settlement Patterns and the Geographic Redistribution of
America’s New Immigrants.” Rural Sociology 70: 109-131.
24
Marrow, Helen. Marrow, “Immigrant Bureaucratic Incorporation: The Dual Roles of
Professional Missions and Government Policies.” American Sociological Review
74(5): 756-776.
Massey, Douglas S. 2008. New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of
American Immigration. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
______ 2007. Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. New York:
Russell Sage Foundation.
Massey, Douglas S. and Chiara Capoferro. 2008. "The Geographic Diversification of
American Immigration." Pp. 25‐50 in New Faces in New Places: The Changing
Geography of American Immigration, edited by Douglas S. Massey. New York:
Russell Sage Foundation.
McClain, Paula Niambi M. Carter, Victoria M. DeFrancesco Soto, Monique L. Lyle,
Jeffrey D. Grynaviski, Shayla C. Nunnally, Thomas J. Scotto, J. Alan Kendrick,
Gerald F. Lackey, and Kendra Davenport Cotton., “Racial Distancing in a
Southern City: Latino Immigrants’ Views of Black Americans.”, Journal of
Politics, vol. 68 no. 3 (August, 2006), pp. :571-584.
McDonnell, Patrick. 1997. “Prop. 187 Found Unconstitutional by Federal Judge,” Los
Angeles Times Saturday, November 15.
Meissner, Doris, Deborah W. Meyers, Demetrios G. Papademetriou and Marc R.
Rosenblum, editors. 2006. Immigration and America's Future. Washington, DC:
Migration Policy Institute.
Morawetz, Nancy. 1999-2000. “Understanding the Impact of the 1996 Deportation
Laws and the Limited Scope of Proposed Reforms. Harvard Law Review 113 pp.
1935-1962.
Myers, Dowell. 2007. Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the
Future of America. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Ngai, Mai. 2005. Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern
America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Perlmann, Joel. 2007. Italians Then, Mexicans Now: Immigrant Origins and the SecondGeneration Progress, 1890 to 2000. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Portes, Alejandro and Min Zhou. 1993. “The New Second Generation: Segmented
Assimilation and its Variants.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science 530:1 pp. 74-96.
25
Ramji, Jaya. 2001. “Legislating Away International Law: The Refugee Provisions of the
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act.” Stanford Journal
of International Law. 37 pp. 117-162.
Rodriguez, Cristina, Muzaffar Chishti and Kimberly Nortman. 2007. "Testing the Limits:
A Framework for Assessing the Legality of State and Local Immigration
Measures." Report. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/NCIIP_Assessing%20the%20Legality%20o
f%20State%20and%20Local%20Immigration%20Measures121307.pdf
Sassler, Sharon. 2006. “School Participation of Immigrant Youths in the Early 20th
Century: Integration or Segmented Assimilation?” Sociology of Education. 79:1
pp.1-24.
Schmitt, C. 1996. ‘A Law to Learn ‘Em A Thing Or Two About The English Language’
New York Times July 28.
Schuck, Peter. 1997. ‘The Re–Evaluation of American Citizenship’ Georgetown
Immigration Law Journal 12:1 pp. 1–34.
Schuck, Peter and Rogers Smith. 1985. Citizenship Without Consent: Illegal Aliens in the
American Polity (New Haven and London: Yale University Press).
Singer, Audrey, Carolyn Brettell and Susan Hardwick, editors. 2008. America’s TwentyFirst Century Immigrant Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburbia.
Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.
Smith, Rogers M. 1997. Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in U.S. History.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Tienda, Marta. 2002. "Demography and the Social Contract." Demography 39:587‐616.
Tienda, Marta and Faith Mitchell, editors. 2006. Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies:
Hispanics and the American Future. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
Waters, Mary C. and Karl Eschbach. 1995. "Immigration and Ethnic and Racial
Inequality in the United States." Annual Review of Sociology 21:419‐46.
Welch, Michael. 2002. Detained: Immigration Laws and the Expanding INS Jail
Complex. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Weiss, Kenneth. 1998. ‘”Fewer Blacks and Latinos Admitted to Three UC Schools,” Los
Angeles Times March 17.
Zuñiga, Victor and Rubén Hernández‐León, editors. 2005. New Destinations: Mexican
Immigration in the United States. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
26
Appendix
Participant Bio Sketches
27
María Cristina García
Department of History
Cornell University
455 McGraw Hall
Ithaca, New York 14853-4601
607.255.6598
Home address:
25 Cornell Street
Ithaca, New York 14850
Fax 607.255.0469
e-mail: mcg20@cornell.edu
Education
Ph.D. American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, August 1990
M.A. American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, May 1984.
A.B. American Studies, Georgetown University, May 1982. cum laude.
Teaching and Related Employment
Professor of History and Latino Studies, Cornell University, January 2006Affiliated faculty, American Studies and Latin American Studies Programs.
Interim Director, American Studies Program, Cornell University, 2009-2010
Associate Professor of History, Cornell University, Jan 1999-Dec 2005.
Director of Graduate Studies, Field of History, July 2004-2005, 2006-2007
Director, Latino Studies Program, Cornell University, July 2000-June 2003
Associate Professor of History, Texas A&M University, Sept. 1997-Dec 1998
Assistant Professor of History, Texas A&M University, 1990 to 1997.
Fulbright Lecturer in American Studies, Polytechnic of Central London
(now the University of Westminster), Faculty of Law, Languages, and
Communications. 1991-1992
Research Associate for Hispanic Studies, Texas State Historical Association, 19881990
Assistant Instructor, American Studies Program, University of Texas at Austin. 19851987
Folklore Fieldworker, Institute of Texan Cultures, San Antonio, 1984-1985.
Courses and Seminars Taught (or scheduled to be taught) at Cornell
Refugees, Asylum, and Human Rights
Immigration since 1965 (Service-learning course)
The US-Mexico Border: History, Culture, and Representation
Immigration and ethnicity in the 20th century U.S.
US-Cuba Relations
Introduction to Latino History: Colonial period to 1898
Introduction to Latino History: 1898 to the present
The Immigrant City 1900/2000
28
US-Cuba Relations
20th Century Responses to American Diversity
Introduction to American History: Reconstruction to the present
Immigration in U.S. history (scheduled to be taught in Spring 2011)
Latino America (scheduled to be taught in Fall 2010)
Publications: Book Manuscripts
Seeking Refuge: A History of Central American Migration to Mexico, the United
States, and Canada. University of California Press, 2006.
Havana USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida. University
of California Press, 1996.
Work in Progress
1) History of U.S. refugee policy since the end of the Cold War (book manuscript)
2) History of South American immigration to the U.S. since the 1970s. (book
manuscript)
Select Publications: Articles and Book Chapters
“Central American migration and the shaping of refugee policy” forthcoming
book chapter in a book edited by Dirk Hoerder and Nora Faires.
“Latin American Populations in the United States,” Encyclopedia of Latin
American History, (20,000 word entry), Gale Press, 2008.
Refugees or Economic Immigrants? The Politics of US Refugee Policy and
Immigration from Latin America" in A Companion to Latino Studies.
Juan Flores and Renato Rolsado, eds. Blackwell Press, 2007.
“La Creación de ENCASA/US-Cuba,” Contratiempo 38 (julio 2006).
Canada a Northern Refuge for Central Americans,” Migration Information Source
(Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute, April 2006),
www.migrationinformation.org.
“’Dangerous times call for risky responses’: Latino Immigration and Sanctuary,
1981-2001,” in Ya Basta! Latino Religions and Civic Activism in
American Public Life Gastón Espinosa, Virgilio Elizondo, and Jesse
Miranda, eds. Oxford University Press, 2004.
“Exiles, Immigrants, and Transnationals: Cubans in the United States,” in The
Columbia Anthology of Latino History. David G. Gutierrez, ed.,
Columbia University Press, 2004.
“Cuban American Prose, 1975-2000” in Mario Valdés, ed., Latin American
Literary History Oxford University Press, 2004.
“Havana USA” in Latino/a Thought: Culture Politics, and Society. Francisco H.
Vázquez and Rodolfo D. Torres, eds., Rowman and Littlefield, 2003.
“Florida’s Nuevo Latinos" and "Cuban Assimilation: A Case Study Profile,"
Forum (Florida Council for the Humanities), 25:1 (Spring 2002): 18-21.
Co-editor, Latino Public History. Special Edition of The Public Historian 23 (Fall
2001).
“Miami’s Cuban Community: Defining Cubanidad in Exile,” in Proceedings of
the “Migration and the Homeland Conference”, Harald Runblom, ed.,
Uppsala Universiteit, 2000.
29
“Agents of Americanization: The Houston Settlement Association and the
Mexicano Community, 1900-1950,” in Mexican Americans in Texas
History, Emilio Zamora ed., Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.
“Hardliners v.‘Dialogueros: Cuban exile political groups and U.S.-Cuba
relations,” Journal of American Ethnic History 17( Summer 1998): 3-29.
“Cubanos Exilados y Cubanos Americanos: Treinta años definiendo una identidad
y cultura en los Estados Unidos,” in Razón y Pasión, María Cristina
Herrera, et al., eds. Miami: Ediciones Universal, 1996.
“Hispanic/Latino Politics: An Introduction,” ASRC Newsletter (U.K.: American
Studies Resource Centre), Spring 1996.
“Cuban Women in the United States.” In Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the
United States. Felix Padilla, ed., pp. 203-217, Houston: Arte Público
Press, 1994.
“Challenging the Melting Pot Ideology: the Hispanic/Latino Populations of the
United States” in Eugene van Erven, ed., Beeld En Verbeelding Van
Amerika, deel 2, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Bureau Studium Generale,
1992.
“Adapting to Exile: Cuban Women in the United States, 1959-1973,” Latino
Studies Journal, 2 (Spring 1991): 17-33
Awards, Grants and Fellowships
Kaplan Family Distinguished Faculty Fellowship for Service-Learning
Radcliffe Institute, 2005-2006 [Declined]
Fellow, Society for the Humanities, Cornell University, Fall 2000.
Canadian Studies Research Grant, 1999.
Texas A&M Faculty Development Leave, Fall 1997.
George Bush Center for Presidential Studies Research Grant, Fall 1997.
Texas A&M Research Mini-Grant, 1997
Louisville Institute Research Grant, Summer 1997
Abba P. Schwartz Research Fellowship for Immigration Studies, John F. Kennedy
Foundation, 1993.
Research Grant, John F. Kennedy Foundation, 1992
Fulbright Lectureship, United Kingdom, 1991-92.
Texas A&M University Research Grant, Summer 1991, Summer 1994.
University of Texas Professional Development Award: Spring 1988, Fall 1988,
Spring 1989, Summer 1989, Spring 1990.
Institute of Cuban Studies Grant, Summer 1988.
University of Texas Research Grant, Fall 1986
University of Texas Continuing Fellowship, Fall 1983; 1986-87
University of Texas Graduate Opportunity Fellowship, 1982-83
30
Douglas T. Gurak
Professor, Development Sociology, Cornell University (since 1989).
Director: Polson Institute for Global Development
Graduate Field Memberships: Development Sociology, Sociology, CIPA,
International Development.
Education:
Year
1973
1969
1966
Degree
Ph.D.
M.S.
B.S.
Institution
University of Wisconsin, Madison
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Rutgers University
Recent Grant Support Relevant to the ISS Theme Project
Non-Traditional Immigrant Destinations: Who is Moving Where and Why? Russell Sage
Foundation. January 2007 through October 2009 ($194,000).
Immigrant Churning and New Destinations in the United States. U.S. Bureau of the
Census and New York Census Data Research Center. January 2007 through
December 2008. (Approved October 2006, no direct funding). Extended to 2011.
Economic and Social Correlates of Change in Ethnic Diversity in Rural Counties: 19902000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Federal Formula grant. 2002-2005
($60,000). (Co-PI is M. Kritz)
Migratory Responses to Recent U.S. Immigration. National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development (NICHD grant No. 1 R03 HD042626-01), 2002-2004
($160,000). (Co-PI. PI is M. Kritz)
Immigration and a Changing America. Russell Sage Foundation & Population Reference
Bureau. 2001-2004 ($15,000). Support for Census Monograph for PRB (Co-PI
with M. M. Kritz).
Relevant Publications
Gurak, D.T. and M.M. Kritz. 2010. “Elderly Asian and Hispanic Foreign- and NativeBorn Living Arrangements: Accounting for Differences.” Research on Aging
(July, forthcoming)
Gurak, D.T. and M.M. Kritz. 2010. “Destination Choices of Foreign-Born Internal
Migrants: National Origin Differences in Dispersion.” Revise and resubmit,
Demography.
Kritz, M.M and D. T. Gurak. 2005. “Immigration and a Changing America.” Pp. 259-301
in R. Farley and J. Haaga (Eds). The American People: Census 2000. New York:
Russell Sage Foundation.
Kritz, M. M. and D. T. Gurak. 2004. Immigration and a Changing America. New York
and Washington, DC: Russell Sage Foundation and Population Reference Bureau.
Kritz, M. M. and D. T. Gurak. 2001. “The Impact of Immigration on the Internal
Migration of Natives and Immigrants.” Demography 38, 1 (February):133-145.
31
Kritz, M. M., D. T. Gurak and L. Chen. 2000. “Elderly Immigrants: Their Composition
and Living Arrangements. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. Volume 26
(March):85-114.
Gurak, D. T. and M. M. Kritz.. 2000. "Context Determinants of Interstate Migration of
U.S. Immigrants." Social Forces. 78, 3 (March):1017-1039.
Gurak, D. T. 1999. “On the Margin: The Occupational Progress of Ethnic Minorities in
New York State.” Pp. 57-71 in T. Hirschl and T. Heaton (eds.) New York in the 21st
Century. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Falcón, L. M. and D.T. Gurak. 1999. “Female-Headed Households, Migration and the
Underclass.” in L.M. Falcon and E. Melendez (eds.) Recasting Puerto Rican
Poverty. Temple University Press.
Gurak, D. T. and M. M. Kritz. 1996. "Social Context, Household Composition, and
Employment Among Dominican Women in the Dominican Republic and the U.S."
International Migration Review 30, 2 (Summer):399-422.
Falcón, L. M. and D. T. Gurak. 1994. "Poverty, Migration, and the Underclass." Latino
Studies Journal 5,2 (May):77-95.
Gilbertson, G. and D. T. Gurak. 1993. "Broadening the Enclave Debate: The Labor
Market Experience of Dominican and Colombian Men in New York City."
Sociological Forum 8,2 (June):205-220.
Gurak, D. T. and F. Caces. 1992. "Migration Networks and the Shaping of Migration
Systems." Pp. 150-176 in M.M. Kritz, L.L. Lim, and H. Zlotnik (eds.)
International Migration Systems: A Global Approach. London: Oxford University
Press.
Gurak, D. T. and M. M. Kritz. 1987. "Los Patrones de Migración de los Dominicanos y
Colombianos en la Ciudad de Nueva York." Pp. 151-184 in José del Castillo and
Christopher Mitchell (Eds.) La Inmigración Dominicana en los Estados Unidos.
Santo Domingo: Universidad APEC, Editorial CENAPEC.
Gurak, D. T. 1987. "Family Formation and Marital Selectivity Among Colombian and
Dominican Immigrants in New York City." International Migration Review 21,2
(Summer):275-298.
Gurak, D. T. and M. M. Kritz. 1982. "Female Employment in the Dominican Republic: A
Dynamic Perspective." American Sociological Review 42,6 (December):810-818.
Gurak, D. T. and J. P. Fitzpatrick. 1982. "Intermarriage Among Hispanic Ethnic Groups
in New York City." American Journal of Sociology 87,4 (January):921-934.
Kritz, M. M. and D. T. Gurak. 1979. "International Migration in Latin America: Research
and Data Survey." International Migration Review 13,3 (Fall):407-427.
Book Reviews
In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration, by Nancy Foner. New York: New
York University Press, 2005. Anthropology and Education Quarterly (2006)
(http://aaanet.org/cae/aeq.html)
Growing Up American: How Vietnamese Children Adapt to Life in the United States, by
Min Zhou and Carl L. Bankston, III, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1998.
Rural Sociology (2001):300-304.
Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives by Suzanne Oboler. In Sociological Focus 29, 3 (August
1996):285-287.
32
Gurak, D. T. "In Search of a Latino Underclass." 1996. In The Latino Review of Books
2,1 (Spring):14-16.
Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration by Sherri Grasmuck and
Patricia R. Pessar. In American Journal of Sociology 98, 1 (July 1992):210-212..
A Borderlands Town in Transition, Laredo, 1755-1870 by Gilberto Miguel Hinojosa. In
International Migration Review, Volume 19, Fall 1985.
Urbanization and Urban Growth in the Caribbean by Malcolm Cross. In International
Migration Review, Vol. 14, Summer 1980.
Majority and Minority: The Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Relations, by N.R. Yetman
and C.H. Steele (Eds.). In Contemporary Sociology 5:5, September 1976.
Recent Presentations
“The Foreign-Born in New Destinations. Are The Settling or Circulating?” Paper
accepted for presentation in Session on New Destinations, Population Association
of America, April 14-17, 2010, Dallas, Texas.
“Foreign-Born Internal Migration an Dispersion Dynamics,” Poster Paper presented at
2009 International Census Research Data Center Conference, October 5, 2009,
organized by CISER, Cornell University (with M.M. Kritz and M. Lee).
“Endless Journeys: The Dispersion of Foreign-Born Migrants to New Destinations.”
Lecture at Fordham University co-sponsored by the Cassamarca Foundation,
Department of Sociology and Anthropology, American Studies Program, Latin
American and Latino Studies Institute, and the Francis and Ann Curran Center
for American Catholic Studies. March 1, 2007 (with M.M. Kritz).
“New Immigrant Destinations,” Inaugural De Jong Lecture in Social Demography,
September 21, 2006. Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA (with
M.M. Kritz).
“New Immigrant Destinations: Stability and Change,” NICHD Moving Americans
Conference, University of Washington, Seattle, 4-6 May 2006 (with M.M.
Kritz).
“Immigrant Settlement Patterns in the United States in the 1990s: Can Existing Theories
Explain the Changes? Annual Meetings of the Population Association of
America, Philadelphia, PA, March 31-April 2, 2005 (with M.M. Kritz).
“Do The Native Born and Foreign Born Show Differential Migratory Responses to
Immigration and Labor Market Conditions?” Annual Meetings of the
Population Association of America, Boston, MA, April 1-3, 2004 (with M.M.
Kritz).
Courses
DSOC 2750, Immigration and a Changing America
DSOC 6190, Quantitative Research Methods
DSOC 4380/6380, Population and Development
DSOC 6080/PAM 6060, Demographic Methods
DSOC 1010, Introduction to Sociology
33
Michael Jones-Correa
Government Department
Cornell University
White Hall
mj64@cornell.edu
Ithaca, NY 14853-4601
tel: (607) 255-3170
fax: (607) 255-4530
e-mail:
Teaching and Research Appointments
Cornell University
Professor of Government, 2007-present
Associate Professor of Government, 2001-2007
Director of the Program in American Studies, 2005-2009
Harvard University
Associate Professor of Government, 1998-2001
Assistant Professor of Government, 1994-1998
Fellowships and Visiting Appointments
Visiting Senior Research Scholar, Center for the Study of Democratic
Politics, Princeton University, 2009-2010
Visiting Scholar, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, 2009-2010
(declined)
Visiting Scholar, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,
2003-2004
Visiting Scholar, Russell Sage Foundation, 1998-1999
Education
Princeton University; Princeton, New Jersey. Ph.D. in Politics, June 1994
Rice University; Houston, Texas. B.A. in Political Science, cum laude 1987
Research Interests
Immigrant incorporation, naturalization and political mobilization; Racial and
ethnic politics and identity; Inter-ethnic conflict, negotiation and coalitionbuilding in U.S. urban areas; Institutional approaches to urban politics and
intergovernmental relations
Grants and Fellowships
“New Immigrant Destinations”
(Co- Principal Investigator with Katherine Fennelly, Gordon Hansen, Doug
Massey and Marta Tienda)
Russell Sage Foundation, 2008-2009
(Co- Principal Investigator with Rolf Pendall, UC-Berkeley Sub-Agreement)
MacArthur Foundation, 2009-2010
“Immigrant Political Incorporation Workshops”
(with Jennifer Hochschild and Claudine Gay)
Institute for the Social Sciences, Small Grant Competition, 2007-2008
W.E.B.DuBois Center, Harvard University, 2007-2008
34
Center for American Political Studies, 2007-2008
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, 2007-2008
“Immigration, Gender and Political Socialization”
(with Julie Ajinkya)
Walter and Sandra LaFeber Fellowship Fund, Cornell University, 20062007
“Implementation of Section 203 of the Voting Rights Act ”
(with Israel Waismel-Manor)
Russell Sage Foundation Grant 2005
Civil Rights Project, University of California-Berkeley 2005
“Latino National Survey”
(Co- Principal Investigator with Luis Fraga, John Garcia, Rodney Hero,
Valerie Martinez-Ebers and Gary Segura)
National Science Foundation, 2005-2007, Russell Sage Foundation 20042006
Kellogg Foundation, 2005-2006, Carnegie Foundation, 2004-2005, Joyce
Foundation, 2004-2005, Irvine Foundation Grant 2004-2005, Ford
Foundation Grant 2004-2005, Ford Foundation Planning Grant 20032004, Hewlett Foundation Planning Grant 2002-2004, Annie E. Casey
Foundation (under the auspices of the Inter-University Program for Latino
Research) 2002-2003
“Reshaping the American Dream: Immigrants and the Politics of the New
Suburbs”
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Fellowship 2003-2004
Russell Sage Foundation Grant 2003-2004
Institute for the Social Sciences, Cornell University 2004-5
“Governing American Cities: Inter-Ethnic Coalitions, Competition, and Conflict”
Russell Sage Foundation Grant 1998
“American Riots and the Re-Negotiation of Ethnic Relations”
Russell Sage Foundation Visiting Scholar 1998-1999
Social Science Research Council Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship,
Program in International Migration 1997-1998
Ford Foundation Grant, Urban Poverty Program 1997-1998
Open Society Institute Individual Project Grant 1997-1998
William F. Milton Fund, Harvard University 1996-1997
“Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City”
Center of Domestic and Comparative Policy Studies Fellow 1993-1994
Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship 1992-1993
Summer Fellowship, Program in Latin American Studies, Princeton
University 1992
Lasser Fellowship for Latin American Studies, Princeton University 1991
National Science Foundation Fellowship 1988-1991
Publications
Books
35
Making it Home: Latinos Lives in America. With Luis Fraga, John Garcia,
Rodney Hero, Valerie Martinez-Ebers and Gary Segura. (Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 2010)
Governing American Cities: Inter-Ethnic Coalitions, Competition, and Conflict
ed. (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001)
Between Two Nations: The Political Predicament of Latinos in New York City
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998)
Selected Articles
“The Logic of Institutional Dependency: The Case of Day Laborer Policy in
Suburbia.” With Lorrie Frasure. Urban Affairs Review 45:4 March 2010
(forthcoming)
“Su Casa Es Nuestra Casa: Latino Politics Research and the Development of
American Political Science.” With Luis Fraga, John Garcia, Rodney Hero,
Valerie Martinez-Ebers and Gary Segura. American Political Science
Review 100:4 November 2006 pp. 515-522
“Political Participation: Does Religion Matter?” with David Leal. Political
Research Quarterly December 2001 pp. 751-770
“Under Two Flags: Dual Nationality in Latin America and Its Consequences for
Naturalization in the United States” International Migration Review 35:4
Winter 2001 pp. 997-1029
“Institutional and Contextual Factors in Immigrant Citizenship and Voting”
Citizenship Studies 5:1 February 2001 pp. 41- 56
“Different Paths: Immigration, Gender, and Political Participation” International
Migration Review 32:2 Summer 1998 pp. 326-349
Selected Chapters
“Immigrant Incorporation in the Suburbs: Differential Pathways, Arenas and
Intermediaries,” in Lisa M. Hanley, Blair A. Ruble and Allison Garland
eds. Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities: Renegotiating
the City (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press and Woodrow
Wilson Center Press, 2008) pp. 19-47
“Immigrant Incorporation in Suburbia: The Role of Bureaucratic Norms in
Education,” in Doug Massey ed. New Faces in New Places (New York:
Russell Sage Foundation, 2008) pp. 308-340
“Reshaping the American Dream: Immigrants and the Politics of the New
Suburbs,” in Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue eds. The New
Suburban History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006) pp. 183204
“Bringing Outsiders In: Questions of Immigrant Incorporation,” in Christine
Wolbrecht and Rodney Hero eds. The Politics of Democratic Inclusion
(Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005) pp. 75-101
“The Study of Transnationalism among the Children of Immigrants: Where We
Are and Where We Should Be Headed” in Peggy Levitt and Mary Waters
36
eds. The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second
Generation (New York: Russell Sage, 2002) pp. 221-241
“Seeking Shelter: Immigrants and the Divergence of Social Rights and
Citizenship in the U.S.” in Randall Hansen and Patrick Weil eds. Dual
Nationality, Social Rights and Federal Citizenship in the US and Europe:
The Reinvention of Citizenship (New York: Berghahn Books, 2002) pp.
233-263
“Structural Shifts and Institutional Capacity: Possibilities for Ethnic Cooperation
and Conflict in Urban Settings” in Michael Jones-Correa ed. Governing
Cities (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001) pp. 183-209
“Immigrants, Blacks and Cities” in Yvette Marie Alex-Assensoh and Lawrence J.
Hanks eds. Black and Multiracial Politics in America (New York: New
York University Press, 2000) pp. 133-164.
37
Mary Fainsod Katzenstein
Stephen and Evalyn Milman Professor of American Studies
Department of Government
White Hall
Cornell University
Ithaca NY 14853
607/255-8965 ; 607/277-2971
mfk2@cornell.edu
EDUCATION
Ph.D.
M.Sc.
B.A.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, l975
University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies
Distinction, History and Politics of South Asia, l968
Radcliffe College, Magna Cum Laude, l966
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
Cornell University, Department of Government and Women’s Studies, 1974-present
University of Massachusetts, Boston Campus, Instructor, l972-73
PUBLICATIONS
Books and Monographs
Social Movements in India Poverty, Power, and Politics, co-edited with Raka Ray,
Rowman and Littlefield, 2005; India edition, Oxford, 2005.
Beyond Zero Tolerance: Discrimination and the Culture of the U.S. Military, co-edited
with Judith Reppy, Rowman and Littlefield, 1999.
Faithful and Fearless: Moving Feminist Protest Inside the Church and Military,
Princeton University Press, 1998.
Going Public; National Histories of Women's Enfranchisement and Women's
Participation within State Institutions, co-edited with Hege Skjeie, Institute for
Social Research, Oslo, l990. Available in the United States through the Western
Societies Program, Cornell University.
The Women's Movement of the United States and Western Europe; Consciousness,
Political Opportunity, and Public Policy, co-edited with Carol Mueller, Temple
University Press, l987.
India's Preferential Policies: Migrants, the Middle Classes and Ethnic Equality, coauthored with Myron Weiner, Chicago University Press, l981.
Ethnicity and Equality: The Shiv Sena Party and Preferential Policies in Bombay,
Cornell University Press, l979.
38
Articles
“Felony Disenfranchisement and the Dark Side of American Liberalism,” with Leila
Ibrahim and Katharine Rubin, 2010, revise and resubmit, revisions submitted
February 2010.
“No Further Harm; What we owe to Incarcerated Fathers” Boston Review; A Political
and Literary Forum, July/August 2008 with Molly Shanley
“Rights without Citizenship; Prison Activism in the US,” Social Movements, Public
Policy and Democracy, edited by Valerie Jenness, Helen Ingram and David
Meyer, Minnesota, 2005.
“’Redividing Citizens’—Divided Feminisms,” Divided Feminisms: The Reconfigured
U.S. State and Women’s Citizenship,” Women's Movements Facing the
Reconfigured State, edited by Lee Ann Banaszak, Karen Beckwith, and Dieter
Rucht, Cambridge University Press, 2003.
“Writing Political Science; Asking a Question and then (Blush) Answering It,” Local
Knowledges, Local Practice: Cultures of Writing at Cornell, edited by Jonathan
Monroe, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2003.
“Identities, Interests and Social Movements in India,” co-authored with Smitu Kothari
and Uday Mehta, Democratization and Decentralization in India, edited by Atul
Kohli, Cambridge University Press, 2001.
“The Mother and the State: Reproductive Health in India,” Asian Survey, November,
2000.
“Stepsisters: Feminist Movement Activism in Different Institutional Spaces,” The Social
Movement Society, edited by David Meyer and Sidney Tarrow, Rowman and
Littlefield 1998.
“The Rebirth of Shiv Sena; The Symbiosis of Discursive and Organizational Power,”
with Uday Singh Mehta and Usha Thakkar, Journal of Asian Studies, Spring,
1997; also in Community Conflicts and the State in India, edited by Amrita Basu
and Atul Kohli, Oxford University Press.
“The Spectacle of Life and Death: Feminist and Lesbian/Gay Politics in the Military,”
Gay Rights, Military Wrongs, edited by Craig Rimmerman, NY: Garland, 1996.
“Feminist Strategy and Discursive Politics in the Catholic Church,” Feminist
Organizations, edited by Myra Marx Ferree and Patricia Yancey Martin, Temple
University Press, 1995.
“The Spectacle as Political Resistance: Feminist and Gay/Lesbian Politics in the
Military,” Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military, Vol. XI, No. 1,
Spring, 1993, p. 1-16.
“For What? The Year of the Women?,” Cornell Women's Studies Newsletter, Fall, 1992.
“Die Institutionalisierung des Amerikanischen Feminismus: Kampf Innerhalb des
Systems,” Berlin J. Soziol Heft 1, 1992, S 29-37.
“Putting Feminism onto the Public Agenda in India,” Samya Shakti, Journal of the Center
for Women in Developing Societies, New Delhi, Vol. VI, 1991-1992.
“Feminism within American Institutions; Unobtrusive Mobilization in the l980s,” SIGNS,
Vol. l6, No l, Fall, l990; translated version in Japanese political science journal
Leviathan, spring l991.
39
“Organizing on the Terrain of Mainstream Institutions: Feminism and the U.S. Military,”
Going Public; National Histories of Women's Enfranchisement and Women's
Participation within State Institutions, edited by Mary Katzenstein and Hege
Skjeie, Institute for Social Research, Oslo, l990.
“Constitutional Politics and the Feminist Movement,” The Constitution and Your Right
To Vote: Essays on the History of Voting and Voting Rights in America, edited by
Donald W. Rogers and Christine Scriabine, Bicentennial Commission of
Connecticut, l990.
“Organizing against Violence: Strategies of the Feminist Movement in India,” Pacific
Affairs, Vol. 62, No. l, Spring, l989.
“The War over the Family is not over the Rights and Interests of Children,” co-authored
with Susan Cohen, Feminism, Children, and the New Families, edited by Myra
Strober and Sanford Dornbusch, Guilford Press, l988. Selected for reprinting in
“Male/Female Roles,” Opposing Viewpoints, SOURCES, l989 annual,
Greenhaven Press, l989.
“Comparing the Feminist Movements of the U.S. and Western Europe: An Overview,”
The Women's Movements of the United States and Western Europe:
Consciousness, Political Opportunity, and Public Policy, edited by Mary
Katzenstein and Carol McClurg Mueller, Temple University Press, 1987.
“Politics, Feminism, and the Ethics of Caring,” with David Laitin, Women and Moral
Theory, edited by Diana Meyers and Eva Feder Kittay, Rowman and Allanheld,
l987.
“The Meaning of Elections for Feminism,” SIGNS, Vol. l0, No. l, November, l984.
“Towards Equality? The Political Prominence of Women in India,” Asian Survey, Vol
XVIII, No. 5, May l978.
“Preferential Treatment and Ethnic Conflict in Bombay,“ Public Policy Vol. 25, No. 3,
Summer, l977.
“Governmental Response to Migration: A Study of Employment Preferences for Local
Residents Bombay,” Migration and Development Study Group, Center for
International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Occasional Paper
c/76-ll.
“Migration and Electoral Politics in India,” Electoral Politics in the Indian States: The
Impact of Modernization, edited by Myron Weiner and John Osgood Field, Vol.
3, Delhi: Manohar, l975.
“Politics of Population Movements,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. X, No. 51,
December 20, l975.
40
Sharon Sassler
Associate Professor
Department of Policy Analysis and Management
Education
1995
1991
1984
Ph.D., Sociology, Brown University
M.A., Sociology, Brown University
B.A., English & American Literature, Politics, Brandeis University
1995-96 Post-Doctoral Fellows, Johns Hopkins University, Department of
Population Dynamics
Bio Sketch
Sharon Sassler is Associate Professor of Policy and Applied Management in the College
of Human Ecology. As a social demographer, Sassler’s research examines factors
shaping the activities of young adults and their life course transitions into school and
work, relationships, and parenthood. Much of her research explores how these transitions
vary by gender, race/ethnicity, and social class. She has long studied how various
immigrant groups adapted to life in the early years of the 20th century, and has written on
how patterns of social mobility differed by ethnicity, gender, and family structure. She is
currently exploring the retention and promotion of high skilled workers in science and
technology careers, with an emphasis on how nativity shapes transitions into such
occupations.
Relevant Publications
Sharon Sassler. Forthcoming, 2010. "Partnering Across the Life Course: Sex,
Relationships, and Mate Selection." Journal of Marriage and Family.
Sharon Sassler and Amanda Miller. Forthcoming, 2010. “Class Differences in Women’s
Family and Work Behaviors.” Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice.
Amanda Miller and Sharon Sassler. Forthcoming, 2010. “Stability and Change in the
Division of Labor among Working-Class Cohabiting Couples: A Qualitative
Analysis.” Sociological Forum.
Sharon Sassler. 2006. “School Participation of Immigrant Youths in the Early 20th
Century: Integration or Segmented Assimilation?” Sociology of Education.
79(1):1-24.
Sharon Sassler. 2005. “Gender & Ethnic Differences in Marital Assimilation in the Early
20th Century.” International Migration Review 39(3):608-636.
41
Sharon Sassler. 2004. “The Process of Entering into Cohabiting Unions.” Journal of
Marriage and Family 66:491-505.
Sharon Sassler and Zhenchao Qian. 2003. “Marital Timing and Marital Assimilation:
Variation and Change Among European Americans Between 1910 & 1980,”
Historical Methods 36(3):131-148.
Michael J. White and Sharon Sassler. 2000. "Judging Not Only By Color: Ethnicity,
Nativity, and Neighborhood Attainment." Social Science Quarterly 81(4):10151031.
Sharon Sassler. 2000. "Learning to be an 'American Lady'? Ethnic Distinctiveness and
Generational Change in Daughters' Activities in the Early 1900s." Gender &
Society 14 (1):184-209.
Sharon L. Sassler. 1997. "Women's Marital Timing at the Turn of the Century:
Generational and Ethnic Differences." The Sociological Quarterly 38(4): 567585.
Sharon Sassler and Michael J. White. 1997. "Ethnicity, Gender, and Social Mobility in
1910." Social Science History 21(3):321-357.
Sharon Sassler. 1996. "Feathering the Nest or Flying the Coop? Factors Affecting
Coresidence in 1910." Journal of Family History 21(4): 446-466.
Sharon Sassler. 1995. "Trade-Offs in the Family: Sibling Effects on Daughters'
Activities in 1910." Demography Vol. 32:557-575.
Michael J. White and Sharon Sassler. 1995. "Ethnic Definitions, Social Mobility, and
Residential Segregation in the United States." In Calvin Goldscheider (Ed),
Population, Ethnicity, and Nation Building. Westview Press. Chapter 10, pp. 267297.
Relevant Grants
Co-Investigator (with Yael Levitte and Jennifer Glass). “Entry and Retention of Women
in Science: A Cohort Comparison.” September 2009 to August 2012. $538,500
(Direct & Indirect Cots). National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH.
Co-Investigator (with Kristi Williams, PI). “Marriage and Cohabitation among Single
Mothers: Consequences for Two Generations.” July 2007 to June 2010. $977,594
(Direct & Indirect Costs). National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, NIH.
42
Principal Investigator. “Class, Race, and Ethnic Differences in Family Formation and
Function.” September 2005 to September 2008. $30,000. United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA-CSREES).
Relevant Courses Taught
Undergraduate: Evolving Families: Challenges to Public Policy*; Population
Dynamics; Social Inequality; Race and Ethnicity*; Race and Public Policy*;
Women & Immigration.
Graduate: Racial and Ethnic Differentiation; Migration & Social Mobility.
* Taught while at Cornell; other courses taught at Ohio State University
(Department of Sociology) or Hunter College (CUNY), Department of Sociology