Biology 30
Module 3
Reproduction and Genetics
Lessons 10 - 13
Copyright: Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan
May be reproduced for educational purposes
Biology 30
i
Module 3
Biology 30
ii
Module 3
Table of Contents
Module Three: Reproduction and Genetics
Page
Lesson 10 – Reproduction: Cells and Organisms
Vocabulary .....................................................................................................
Introduction .....................................................................................................
Objectives .....................................................................................................
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Its Role .........................................................
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Structure .......................................................................
DNA and Protein Synthesis ...............................................................................
Translation .....................................................................................................
The Genetic Code ..............................................................................................
DNA and Reproduction .....................................................................................
Mitosis
.....................................................................................................
The Actions of Mitosis and Cytokinesis .............................................................
Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction ....................................................................
Meiosis
.....................................................................................................
Comparison of meiosis and mitosis ...................................................................
Spermatogenesis – Oogenesis............................................................................
Comparing Asexual and Sexual Reproduction ...................................................
Parthenogenesis ...............................................................................................
Invertebrate Reproduction ................................................................................
Summary
.....................................................................................................
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Assignment 10 ..................................................................................................
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Lesson 11 – Types of Reproduction and Development:
Single Organisms to Vertebrates
Vocabulary .....................................................................................................
Introduction .....................................................................................................
Objectives .....................................................................................................
Requirements for Successful Sexual Reproduction ............................................
External-Internal Fertilizations` ........................................................................
Pre-Fertilization ................................................................................................
Variations in Fertilization and Embryo Development .........................................
External Fertilization – Aquatic Development ....................................................
Internal Fertilization – Oviparous Development (Amniotic Eggs) ........................
Internal Fertilization – Ovoviviparous Development ...........................................
Internal Fertilizations – Viviparous Development ...............................................
Viviparous Reproduction – A Closer Look at Placentals .....................................
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Module 3
Female-Male Structural Differences ..................................................................
Hormonal control of Reproductive Cycles ..........................................................
The Fertilization Process ...................................................................................
Establishment of an Embryo in the Uterus .......................................................
Embryology and Fetal Development ..................................................................
The Birth Process .............................................................................................
Offspring Survival .............................................................................................
Other Aspects Related to Human Reproduction .................................................
Summary
.....................................................................................................
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Assignment 11 ..................................................................................................
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Lesson 12 – Heredity and Genetics
Vocabulary .....................................................................................................
Introduction .....................................................................................................
Objectives .....................................................................................................
Heredity and Genetics – Their Meanings ...........................................................
Early Ideas of Inheritance .................................................................................
Mendel’s Laws of Heredity .................................................................................
The Role of Meiosis in Reproduction ..................................................................
Laws of Chance or Probability ...........................................................................
Punnett Squares ...............................................................................................
Test Crosses .....................................................................................................
Monohybrid and Dihybrid Crosses ....................................................................
Codominance and Incomplete Dominance .........................................................
Human Traits Following Mendelian Principles ...................................................
Plant and Animal Breeding Techniques .............................................................
Cloning
.....................................................................................................
Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA ......................................................
Tools used to aid DNA Technology.....................................................................
How and Why Gel Electrophoresis works ..........................................................
Heredity and Environment ................................................................................
Summary
.....................................................................................................
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Assignment 12 ..................................................................................................
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Lesson 13 – Chromosomes and Genes
Vocabulary .....................................................................................................
Introduction .....................................................................................................
Objectives .....................................................................................................
The Chromosome Theory ..................................................................................
Linkage and Crossing Over ...............................................................................
Karyotype Activity .............................................................................................
Chromosomes, Genes and DNA.........................................................................
Multiple Alleles .................................................................................................
The Importance of Blood Typing ........................................................................
Multiple Genes or Polygenes .............................................................................
Mutations .....................................................................................................
Gene Pools .....................................................................................................
Sex Determination ............................................................................................
Sex-Linked and Sex Influenced Traits ...............................................................
Some Genetic Conditions – Disorders in Humans..............................................
Genetic Checks and Genetic Counselling ..........................................................
Summary
.....................................................................................................
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Assignment 13 ..................................................................................................
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