Internationalizing Courses 1
Professional Workshop
Co-facilitators:
Julie Shayne
Departments of Sociology & Women’s Studies
Emory University
Atlanta, GA 30322
(404) 727-7524
jshayne@emory.edu
with,
Marnie Dobson
Department of Sociology
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, CA 92697
(949) 824-1522
mdobson@uci.edu
SWS – Winter 2004
Albuquerque, New Mexico
1
Old Subjects, New Ideas
Gender:

Expand the idea of studying gender beyond the social construction of gender to demonstrating
how everything has gender.
o Chant, Sylvia with Nikki Craske. 2003. Gender in Latin America. New Brunswick, New
Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
This is a collection of essays that discusses a plethora of issues that are experienced
differently by women and men. For example, health, work, etc. In addition to providing
case studies, it can also serve as a model for the types of themes to use in your classes.
Motherhood:

Comparative welfare states
o Koven, Seth and Michel, Sonya, eds. 1993. Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics
and the Origins of Welfare States. NY: Routledge.
This collection offers a range of articles that highlight the contradictions in maternalist
politics and motherhood in the welfare states of the United States, Great Britain,
Australia, France, Germany, and Sweden. This text is a good example of work that could
be utilized in discussions of the internationalization of welfare reform. An international
focus on the differences between welfare states and the similarities in the gender effects
on indigenous people within the “First World” could provide an interesting perspective
from the usual First World as privileged, “Third World” as oppressed perspectives. It also
shows the complicity of First World feminisms in the development of welfare states and
oppressive policies against women of color in the first world.

Single mothers
o See Shayne syllabi

Mothers of the disappeared
o See Shayne syllabi
Social movements:

Use examples from around the world.
o Basu, Amrita, ed. 1995. The Challenge of Local Feminisms: Women’s Movements in
Global Perspective. Boulder: Westview Press.
This is a collection of essays about women organizing in various capacities, both as
feminists and in non-feminist, women only organizations. Cases include: China, India,
Bangladesh, the Philippines, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Nigeria, Palestine, Peru,
Chile, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Central Europe, Western Europe, and the United States.
o Stephen, Lynn. 1997. Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from
Below. Austin: University of Texas.
This is a collection of essays about women organizing as feminists, peasants, human
rights and union activists. Cases include: Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and El Salvador. Each
section has ethnographic essays and interviews with women activists.
Feminisms:

Use examples from around the world; expand the idea of feminist movements to include women’s
movements; include readings about the Beijing and Beijing+5 conferences
o Molyneux, Maxine. 2001. Women’s Movements in International Perspective: Latin
America and Beyond. New York: Palgrave.
This is a collection of mostly previously published essays by Molyneux. Cases include:
Argentina, Nicaragua, Cuba, and Eastern Europe.
o See Shayne syllabi
o See Amrita Basu book cited above.
2
Paisley, Fiona. 1998. “Citizens of their World: Australian Feminism and Indigenous
Rights in the International Context, 1920s and 1930s.” Feminist Review 58: 66-84
This is an article investigating white Australian women’s activism against the exclusion of
Aboriginal people. Paisley argues that Commonwealth policies on protecting indigenous
people were utilized by white Australian women as a way to participate in building
Empire and Nation.
Women and work:
o

Include a section on the global economy
o See Shayne Women, Culture, and Development syllabus
o Moghadam, Valentine. 1999. “Gender and the Global Economy.” Pp. 128-155 in
Revisioning Gender eds, Ferree, Lorber, & Hess. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
This article is a comprehensive analysis of the growing scholarship and empirical
research that has arisen in gender and development studies as a result of the fact that
many sociologists and development scholars ignored the impact of gender on the
processes of globalization as well as the effects on women’s, men’s lives, and on gender
relations.
Violence:

Include discussions of domestic violence from around the world (See Shayne Intro to Women’s
Studies syllabus).

Expand sections about women and violence from domestic violence to include political violence.
(See Shayne Intro to Women’s Studies syllabus).
o Waller, Marguerite & Jennifer Rycenga, eds. 2000. Frontline Feminisms: Women, War
and Resistance. NY: Garland Publishing, Inc.
This is a very expansive collection of essays dealing with war and resistance. It covers
many countries and has a very international set of contributors. In addition to general
overview essay, cases include: Vietnam, Cambodia, Iran, Tibet, Israel, Serbia, Indonesia,
East Timor, Kosova, Eritrea, and the US.
Sexuality:

Include examples of LGBT women from around the world (See Shayne WS syllabi, videography,
and list of novels).
Race / stratification:

Include readings about indigenous women around the world (See videography.)
o Jeff Collmann. 1988. “I’m Proper Number One Fighter Me: Aborigines, Gender, and
Bureaucracy in Central Australia.” Gender and Society 2(1): 9-23.
An oral history analysis of an Australian Aboriginal woman that shows the meaning of
their everyday lives in the context of Australian Aboriginal bureaucratic processes. This
article shows the gendered impact of the welfare state in the lives of Aboriginal women in
remote Australia.
o Evans, Ripeka. 1994. “The Negation of Powerlessness: Maori Feminism, a Perspective.”
Hecate 10(2): 53-65.
This article challenges the marginalization of Maori women in New Zealand in terms of
economic development. It explores the potential for the political empowerment of Maori
women. It is a good article to use as an example of the development of indigenous
feminism.
Reproductive politics:

Expand this section to include discussion of “overpopulation” and the uneven global distribution
of resources as experienced by women and their bodies.
o See Shayne Women, Culture, and Development syllabus
Women and Politics:

Greatly expand the idea of politics beyond formal politics.
3
o
o
o
o
Waylen, Georgina. 1996. Gender in Third World Politics. Boulder: Lynne Rienner
Publishers.
This book is a short, general, and very thorough overview of women’s political
contributions and experiences in major political events common to most Third World
countries, including development, colonialism, revolution, dictatorship, and
democratization. The first chapter is particularly useful for making a case of expanding
the notion of politics.
Peterson, V. Spike et al. 1999. Global Gender Issues: Dilemmas in World Politics.
Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
This text centers gender as a lens through which to analyze world politics. It has been
used in undergraduate women’s studies classes on the political economy of gender – and
theorizes gender separate from the experiences of women throughout the world. It also
provides a good analysis of gender and power, gender and labor, and expands the
discussion of violence to war and security. The discussion of resistance and women’s
movements as well as antiwar, peace, nationalist, economic and ecological movements is
also theoretically linked to a transformation of the gendering of world politics. The last
chapter on “Ungendering World Politics” was especially effective for students in
understanding gender outside of the categories of woman and man. Essays in this book
could be used in a variety of the sub-themes outlined above.
Craske, Nikki. 1999. Women and Politics in Latin America. New Brunswick: Rutgers
University Press
This book is a wonderful overview of women’s political participation in Latin America.
Examples extend far beyond formal politics into revolutionary participation, unions,
mothers movements, etc.
Jaquette, Jane and Sharon Wolchik. 1998. Women and Democracy: Latin America and
Central and Eastern Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
This book is a collection of essays addressing the process of democratization as related to
women. Case studies include: Argentina, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Poland, the Czech Republic,
Slovakia, Hungary, and Bulgaria.
Ecofeminism: Women and the Environment:

Ecofeminism is a great framework to introduce the linkages between development, the
environment, feminisms, and women’s movements globally.
o Diamond, Irene and Gloria Fenman Orenstein, eds. 1990. Reweaving the World: The
Emergence of Ecofeminism San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.
This collected volume contains a good overview of the key scholars and key debates in
Ecofeminism.
o Ruether, Rosemary Radford, ed. 1990. Women Healing the Earth: Third World Women on
Ecology, Feminism, and Religion. New York: Orbis Books.
Ruether’s collected volume of essays from Third World women is a self-professed attempt to
make the voices of women from Asia, Africa and Latin America audible to women of the
“North.” Ruether begins to address the critique of the Eurocentric nature of North American
ecofeminism in its lack of critique of the role of North American capitalist patriarchy in the
exploitation of Third World women.
4
The Case Method of Learning*
Mary Geske and Michael Clancy. Sexploitation?: Sex Tourism in Cuba
This case focuses on the rise of sex tourism in Cuba and is organized around a decision dilemma
confronting the regime of Fidel Castro: Should he crackdown on sex tourism and risk foreign exchange
receipts so vital to the Cuban economy in the post-cold war era? Alternatively, should he allow sex
tourism to continue unchecked and risk a return of the Cuba that existed prior to the revolution, el burdel
de los Yanquis (America's brothel)? In the course of investigating this dilemma, students are encouraged
to explore the politics of Cuba's sex tourism industry with a particular focus on global and gender politics.
This case is designed for use in a number of courses including introduction to international relations, the
politics of economic development and gender and global politics. http://data.georgetown.edu/sfs/ecase/
Paulette Haban. Choices and Chances: Becoming a Mail Order Bride
This case study is a composite character sketch based on the author’s interviews with Filipina mail order
brides and their husbands. Remy Santos, a Filipina overseas contract worker in Hong Kong has been
writing to a man she met through a pen pal club. She is faced with an impending decision. Does she
become a mail order bride? Does she secure a new contract? Does she return to the Philippines and go
through a retraining seminar supported by women’s empowerment groups? This case study is meant for
students to exercise their sociological imagination and to see how structural agency operates in what
appears to be a "no win" situation. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/projects/casemethod/
Linda Klouzal. On the Threshold of Revolution: Political Crisis and Personal Struggle in
Cuba in 1957
This case is designed to promote discussion about the political, economic, and social context of Cuba
during the 1950s. It requires students to argue from one of three different political perspectives as
embodied in three characters. These characters include: a capitalist, pro-US, pro-democracy, moderateconservative Protestant doctor; a radical, anti-US guerrilla struggling for large-scale social
transformation; and a politically neutral destitute mulatta prostitute. The characters and their
confrontation raise the issues of social stratification in Cuban society, economic development, and how
race, class and gender impact political perspectives. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/projects/casemethod/
Edwin López. A Decision for Survival and Resistance: Claudia, the Guatemalan
Highlands, 1982
The case study concerns the social, political, economic, cultural, and religious conditions of a young
Mayan peasant highlander in Guatemala. The year is 1982, the height of the Guatemalan government’s
Scorched Earth Program. The military perceived Mayan peasants to be supporters of or future candidates
for insurgent groups. In a direct attack on Mayan villagers, twenty-three people were brutally tortured
and mutilated in the highlands of Quiché. The main character is a fifteen year-old Quiché woman who has
just fled the violent holocaust of her village. http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/projects/casemethod/
Julie D. Shayne. Family, Feminism, and Nation: One Woman's Quest for an Answer in
War-torn El Salvador
This case study examines the complex interplay, conflicts, and compatibility of 'gendered' and 'national'
demands within the revolutionary setting of El Salvador. Students will be encouraged through the
dialogue presented in the text and the subsequent discussions in class to grapple with the life defining
questions which women revolutionaries are regularly confronted. The case centers around one young
woman's desires as a revolutionary who is torn between her family, her budding feminism, and her
nation. As a young revolutionary who watches the war escalate around her, she too wishes to deepen her
commitment through guerrilla combat however this option is discouraged by her family. She is also
intrigued by the work of a feminist activist. Another option presented in the text is to remain 'loyal' to her
nation by continuing as a health care worker. http://data.georgetown.edu/sfs/ecase/
Darcie Vandegrift. What is Development? Who is the Community?: Voices from a Town
Meeting in Indigenous Costa Rica
The abstract for each case study was written by the author and edited by Julie Shayne to accommodate space
limitations.
*
5
This case is set in a town meeting in a fictitious indigenous village in southeastern Costa Rica. At issue is
whether the town should accept an offer to allow mining within its borders or to pursue some other type
of economic development. Presenting their cases are young, landless men who are pro-mining, middleaged farmers who support sustainable development work with non-governmental organizations, women
who urge both groups to consider a gender analysis and elders who wish for the incorporation of nonWestern values into any development decisions. An overarching theme for this case is the problem of
trying to meet many valid and conflicting needs given limited resources. Students will be forced to come
up with trying to address the exclusion of the landless, the women, and the elders while recognizing that
grassroots organizations have limited resources. http://www.gisp.ucsb.edu/lais/ucsbcases.htm
6
Fiction*
Allende, Isabel. 1982. The House of the Spirits. New York: Bantam Books
House of the Spirits was Isabelle Allende's first novel. She uses magical realism to discuss the politics of
an unnamed Latin American nation (Chile.) She demonstrates the complexity of "politics" through
foregrounding relationships across generations, genders, families, and classes. (433 pages).
al-Shaykh, Hanan. 1992. Women of Sand and Myrrh. New York: Doubleday.
"Little is known of what life is like for contemporary Arab women living in the Middle East. One of the
few literary voices speaking out from that still-closed society is Hanan al-Shaykh. Her first novel, The
Story of Zahra, was banned in several Middle Eastern countries because of its explicit expression of
female sexuality and sensuality. Now available for the first time in the United States, is her news novel,
Women of Sand and Myrrh. In economical, yet elegant prose -- reminiscent of Margaret Drabble's and
Margaret Atwood's -- she tells the story of four women, living in an unnamed desert state, who are
struggling to cope in a society where they are treated to every luxury but freedom. Al-Shaykh lays bare the
unusual and highly charged relations that necessarily exist in a state that denies women their humanity,
and she does so in a lyrical, feeling language whose impact is all the greater for its lack of polemic." (From
the back of the book). (280 pages).
Alvarez, Julia. 1994. In the Time of the Butterflies. New York: Plume.
This novel is a passionate and moving story about four sisters, three of whom become leaders in the
struggle against the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic. It offers a fictionalized account of
real life events associated with underground struggle, including, jail, torture, human rights abuses, family
loss, sisterhood, motherhood, and relationships. My (Julie) students always LOVE it. (324 pages.)
Belli, Giocanda. 1994. The Inhabited Woman. Willimantic, CT: Curbstone Press.
This book is a dual story of a young woman of the aristocracy in Nicaragua who begins a soul search as an
independent, budding young feminist, turned into member of the FSLN (guerrillas). The story addresses
the personal side of war through a romantic relationship, as well as the gender dynamics and the political
economy and multi-class nature of oppositional movements. The book is set in the fictional country
"Faguas" (Nicaragua). The other part of the story is about a young Indigenous woman who fought the
Spanish conquistadores and her struggles against domination. She inserts her soul into the body of the
protagonist and a lot of the emotions are expressed through the voice of the spirit. It is also an interesting
view of the Indigenous struggle against the Spaniards. I (Julie) have only used this once but my students
really enjoyed it. (412 pages.)
Dangarembga, Tsitsi. 1988. Nervous Conditions. Seattle: Seal Press.
This book is quick and easy read about colonization in Rhodesia (current day Zimbabwe) as embodied by
the relationship between and across four women. The novel effectively demonstrates the complexity of
class, status, tradition, education, and gender (among other things) in the colonial context. This novel is
also quite popular with my (Julie) students. (204 pages.)
Danticat, Edwidge. 1994. Breath, Eyes, Memory. New York: Vintage Books.
This book follows the life of a young Haitian girl named Sophie who migrates to New York at the age of 12.
The book is told from Sophie’s perspective, and looks at her relationships with the other women in her
life. (The men in the book are fairly peripheral, and only serve to complicate the relationships between
the women.) (234 pages.)
Emecheta, Buchi. 1976. The Bride Price. New York: George Braziller.
The Bride Price tells the beginning of Emecheta’s life story, focusing on her childhood and early marriage
in Nigeria. The book addresses such issues as bride price, domestic violence and marriage in traditional
villages in Nigeria. (168 pages.)
Susan Leisure, doctoral candidate in the department of Women’s Studies at Emory University contributed to this
section.
*
7
Marshall, Paule. 1992. The Chosen Place, The Timeless People. New York: Vintage
Contemporaries.
This book is about a (male) anthropologist's fieldwork in the Caribbean. It brings to surface many power
dynamics and histories including: slavery, World War II, race in the Caribbean, race in the US, poverty,
development, love, sexuality, and national autonomy. The book is the story of an agricultural
development project. Through the course of project many relationships are created and severed and a
light into the past shows many interesting dynamics. It is a powerful testimony regarding knowledge,
power, and development in the Third World. (472 pages.) (I (Julie) have only used this in a graduate class,
mostly due to its length.
Mordecai, Pamela and Betty Wilson (editors). 1989. Her True-True Name. Oxford:
Heinemann Educational Publishers.
This anthology contains over twenty writings by women from the Caribbean. The selections are either
short stories or easily taught excerpts from longer works. Each selection begins with a short (1-2
paragraph) about the author. (202 pages.)
Nwapa, Flora. 1966. Efuru. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers.
This novel, set during Nigeria’s transition to independence, follows the life of Efuru. Efuru is her father’s
favorite and heir apparent, is unable to stay married and cannot successfully have children. As a result,
she represents an anomaly on a variety of levels. Efuru is presented as the chosen priestess of the river
god, which explains her lack of ability to fulfill her ‘womanly’ duties. This novel could be used to talk
about social construction of womanhood and women’s social value. (221 pages.)
8
Videography*
Chain of Love. 50 minutes. 2001. (First Run/Icarus Films)
Documentary film about Philippine’s second largest export market, “maternal love.” The film discusses
the commodification of Philippine mother’s reproductive labor and also introduces globalization and its
impact on the Third World through the lens of the family and mothering. Can be linked with the shift of
reproductive labor in the “First World” to immigrant labor from the Third etc.
Femmes Aux Yeux Ouverts (Women with Open Eyes). 52 minutes. 1994. (California
Newsreel)
This well-done documentary looks at social conditions faced by women in Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal
and Benin. Includes discussion on circumcision, forced marriage, AIDS and economic repression. The
film also looks at local, grass-roots efforts to improve women’s condition. In French with English
subtitles.
Fresh Blood: A Consideration of Belonging. 54 minutes. 1996. (Women Make Movies)
This film follows the journey of filmmaker b.h. Yael as she returns to Israel to reunite with her father, a
Holocaust survivor. Yael is a lesbian, Iraqi, Jew examining the complexities of gender, race, religion, and
sexuality. In her journey, she interviews a variety of people on these subjects, including her own
grandmother. In both English and Hebrew with English subtitles.
Hell to Pay. 52 minutes. 1988. (Women Make Movies)
This is an interesting look at the effects of IMF and World Bank structural adjustment and austerity
programs on women in Bolivia. Although often assumed to not understand the workings of international
economics, the peasant women interviewed offer their own sophisticated analysis of the causes and
impact of the debt. Although a little dated, this is still an interesting and effective film that could be easily
integrated into a section on women and economics.
I Have a Problem, Madam. 59 minutes. 1995. (First Run/Icarus Films)
This documentary looks at the recent development of legal aid centers for women in Uganda who are
experiencing domestic violence. The first goal of the centers is reconciliation. This film could provide an
interesting comparison to the way the US legal system addresses domestic violence, particularly the
enduring goal of maintaining the family.
Las Madres: The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. 64 minutes. 1986. (Direct Cinema
Limited)
This is a fantastic documentary about the “dirty war” in Argentina and the heroic movement of the
mothers and grandmothers who challenged the government to provide them answers about their
“disappeared” children. It offers a very clear and concise history of Argentina and US foreign policy in the
region. Though it is a bit old it is still a tremendously useful and powerful film.
Latinas and AIDS: 47 minutes. 1998. (Third World Newsreel)
This film follows the story on one woman who suspects her husband is having an affair, causing her to be
concerned about her own HIV status. Interspersed with her story is documentary information on women
and AIDS in Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic and the US. This documentary presents women
as active agents in protecting their own health, and not as random victims of an epidemic. This film
would be a great addition to a discussion on women and health. In Spanish with English subtitles.
Amor, mujeres y flores (Love, Women, and Flowers). 58 minutes. 1988. (Women Make
Movies)
This films documents the experiences of women (and men) in the foreign controlled flower industry of
Colombia. It addresses issues of: environmental degradation; health risks to women workers; sexual
harassment by employers; meager wages; etc. It shows the immense amount of work women do for their
families, typically in the absence of men and often for little if any wages. It also shows women unionizing
and fighting back.
Maria’s Story. 53 minutes. 1990. (Filmmakers Library, Inc.)
Susan Leisure, doctoral candidate in the department of Women’s Studies at Emory University contributed to this
section.
*
9
This documentary is the story of the Salvadoran revolutionary war from the perspective of woman
guerrilla Maria Serrano. The film also speaks to the interventionist US foreign policy in the region. The
movie is a bit old but students love it.
Once were Warriors. 102 minutes. 1995. (Voyager Company)
A powerful, and often jarring, look at a Maori family’s struggle with indigenous identity, domestic
violence, alcoholism, and poverty in the inner city of Auckland, New Zealand’s largest city. This film
powerfully examines the combined impact of these struggles on Beth Heke and her family. A good
supplement to this film is the documentary Beth’s World (42 minutes, 1998), in which Rena Owen
(who plays Beth Heke) interviews perpetrators and victims of domestic violence in the Maori community
and investigates ways to break the cycle of violence.
Rigoberta Menchú: Broken Silence: 21 minutes. 1993. (Films for the Humanities &
Sciences)
This short documentary focuses on 1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner, Rigoberta Menchú. Menchú talks
about the lack of human rights for the indigenous people (Mayan Indians) in Guatemala and her
commitment to struggling for more protection of rights. This film could be used in sections on violence,
or to discuss the impact of combined effect of race/gender/ethnicity/class.
SEWA: Self-employed Women’s Association. 52 minutes. 1998. (Women Make Movies)
This documentary looks at SEWA, a grassroots women’s economic organization. SEWA operates on the
philosophy that poor women need organizing and opportunity, not welfare. SEWA now has close to
220,000 members and assets over $4 million, and operates much like a trade union for poor women in
the informal economy. This is an interesting look at how women in India have responded to their difficult
economic condition. Similar to Hell to Pay, this film challenges the notion that poor, Third World women
don’t understand, and thus can’t respond appropriately, to their own hardships. In Gujarati with English
subtitles.
Shackled Women. 41 minutes. 1999. (Films for the Humanities & Sciences)
This is a general look at human rights abuses of women around the world. Although the abuses
themselves are not particularly new, the film also examines women’s complicity in their own abuse and
collaboration in abuse of other women.
Something Like a War. 52 minutes. 1999. (Women Make Movies)
This is a disturbingly powerful film about women and sterilization in India. It works very well in
discussions of population, reproductive rights, and women’s bodies.
Uku hamba ‘ze: To Walk Naked: 13 minutes. 1995. (Third World Newsreel)
This is a short, but fascinating, look at the women involved in a protest against the Afrikaner National
Government in South Africa. In response to the destruction of their squatter camp in 1990, a group of
women stripped themselves naked as a public protest. This would be a really interesting addition to
discussions around women’s protest, feminist movements, or global feminism. In Zulu with English
subtitles.
Who's Counting? Marilyn Waring on sex, lies & global economics. 1995. (Bullfrog Films)
Marilyn Waring, a New Zealand feminist and economist, asks the question "Why isn't the unpaid work of
women counted in the gross domestic product?" She challenges the myths of objective economic policy
and uses as an example women in the Philippines. She also advocates the problems with economic
policies that do not take into account the long-term costs of environmental damage and degradation.
Women of the Earth. 55 minutes. 1998. (Films for the Humanities & Sciences)
This film looks at the lives of Australian Aborigines through the eyes of Aboriginal women. They discuss
their efforts to maintain their indigenous identity and culture and the ongoing struggle for land rights.
This would be a great addition to a discussion on gender and race.
10
Miscellaneous ideas and resources:

A must-own book of essays and resources, including sample syllabi and a videography is:
o Lay, M, J Monk, and D Rosenfelt, eds. 2002. Encompassing Gender: Integrating
International Studies and Women's Studies. New York: The Feminist Press.

An interesting article that addresses these themes is:
o Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. 2003. “’Under Western Eyes’ Revisited: Feminist Solidarity
through Anticapitalist Struggles,” in Signs. (28)2: 499-535

Using testimonial essays, books, collections of interviews, etc are generally very well received by
students.
o
Burgos-Debray, Elisabeth. 1991. I, Rigoberta Menchú: An Indian Woman in Guatemala.
New York: Verso.
o
Golden, Renny. 1991. The Hour of the Poor, The Hour of Women: Salvadoran Women
Speak. New York: Crossroad.
o
Maloof, Judy, ed. 1999. Voices of Resistance: Testimonies of Cuban and Chilean Women.
Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
o
Randall, Margaret. 1994. Sandino's daughters revisited: feminism in Nicaragua. New
Brunswick, Rutgers University Press.
o
-----. 1995. Our Voices Our Lives: Stories of Women from Central America and the
Caribbean. Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press.
o
Sepúlveda, Emma, ed. 1996. We, Chile: Personal Testimonies of the Chilean Arpilleristas.
Falls Church, VA: Azul Editions.
o
Stephen, Lynn, ed. 1994. Hear My Testimony: María Teresa Tula: human rights activist
of El Salvador. Boston: South End Press.
o
-----. 1997. Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from Below. Austin:
University of Texas.

Don’t be shy about inviting guest lecturers to speak to issues with which you are unfamiliar

Useful sources for statistics include:
o
Human Development Reports http://hdr.undp.org/
o
Seager, Joni. 1997. The State of Women in the World Atlas: Women's Status Around the
Globe: Work, Health, Education and Personal Freedom. London: Penguin Books.
o
Valdés, Teresa, and Enrique Gomariz, eds. 1995. Latin American Women: Compared
Figures. Santiago: Instituto de la Mujer, Ministerio de Asuntos Sociales de España and
FLACSO.