ele12286-sup-0001-TableS1
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Table S1. Habitat and breeding system, residence times and the number of occupied grid cells for the 201 introduction events of 107 alien reptile and amphibian species. Species a Habitat system Breeding system Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Texas, US 40 11 British Columbia, Canada 150 19 Germany 31 26 Hawaii, US 75 7 Spain 207 23 Panama Hawaii, US Anguilla Aruba Curaçao Panama Venezuela 42 23 2 11 4 31 49 1 25 1 1 1 1 2 c Number of 10' grid cells Amphibians Ambystoma tigrinum†1,2 Aneides vagrans2 Bombina variegata†2 Dendrobates auratus2 Discoglossus pictus†2 Eleutherodactylus antillensis2 Eleutherodactylus coqui2 Eleutherodactylus johnstonei2 Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Eleutherodactylus johnstonei Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic water Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; Lentic water (in a tree-hole or bromeliad) Lentic water Lentic water; terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Habitat system Species a Eleutherodactylus planirostris2 Eleutherodactylus planirostris Eleutherodactylus planirostris Eleutherodactylus planirostris Eleutherodactylus planirostris Gastrophryne carolinensis†2 Gastrophryne carolinensis† Glandirana rugosa*†2 Hoplobatrachus chinensis†3 Hyla meridionalis*†2 Hylarana guentheri† Kaloula pulchra†2,4 Kaloula pulchra† 2 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Breeding system Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic water Lentic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water Lentic water Introduction jurisdiction b Florida, US Guam Hawaii, US Louisiana, US St. Maarten Residence time 147 4 15 29 12 Number of 10' grid cells 133 3 14 10 1 Bahamas 32 2 Cayman Islands 14 1 Hawaii, US 110 14 13 11 Canary Islands 114 23 Guam 3 1 Singapore 126 4 15 7 Philippines Taiwan c Species a Lithobates aurora†2,5 Lithobates berlandieri†2 Lithobates berlandieri† Lithobates catesbeianus†2,6 Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Habitat system Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic Breeding system Lentic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Alaska, US 22 3 Arizona, US 42 6 California, US 49 6 Colombia 9 3 Cuba 12 5 Dominican Republic 33 6 Ecuador c Number of 10' grid cells 9 1 Idaho, US 49 3 Montana, US 48 1 New Mexico, US 123 104 Oregon, US 72 12 Philippines 40 8 Species a Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates catesbeianus† Lithobates clamitans†2,7 Lithobates clamitans† Lithobates pipiens†2,8 Lithobates sylvaticus†2 Litoria aurea†2 Litoria ewingii*†2 Osteopilus septentrionalis†2 Osteopilus septentrionalis† Osteopilus septentrionalis† Habitat system water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Breeding system Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic water Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Puerto Rico 24 3 Venezuela 14 1 Utah, US 24 1 Washington, US 88 4 Nevada, US 91 52 41 7 66 1 New Zealand 110 23 Florida, US 105 87 Puerto Rico 46 5 25 1 Newfoundland, Canada Wallis Island St. Maarten c Number of 10' grid cells Habitat system Species a Pelophylax kurtmuelleri†2 Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Pelophylax lessonae†2 Pelophylax perezi*†2 Pelophylax perezi*† Pelophylax perezi† Pelophylax ridibundus†2 Pipa parva†2 Pleurodema brachyops†2 9 Polypedates leucomystax† Polypedates megacephalus†2,10 Pseudacris regilla†2 Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic Breeding system Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic water Lentic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water Lentic or Introduction jurisdiction b Denmark Residence time c Number of 10' grid cells 14 1 23 4 Azores 181 3 Canary Islands 229 24 Madeira 27 1 Spain 34 5 10 1 Bonaire 56 1 Ryukyu Islands, Japan 45 4 Guam 1 1 Alaska, US 32 1 Spain Venezuela Habitat system Species a water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial 2 Breeding system slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time American Samoa 56 c Number of 10' grid cells 3 Dominican Republic 54 33 Fiji 34 4 Haiti 67 6 Hawaii, US 78 26 Jamaica 142 4 Japan: Ogasawara Islands 25 2 Habitat system Species a Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Rhinella marina† Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Scinax cuspidatus†2 Xenopus laevis† Xenopus laevis† 2,55 Lentic water; terrestrial Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Breeding system Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water Lentic water or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water or slow-moving lotic water Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Montserrat 35 1 Palau 70 8 Philippines 78 32 Ryukyu Islands, Japan 64 2 Solomon Islands 66 15 1 2 Chile 32 37 France 5 1 Brazil c Number of 10' grid cells Habitat system Species a Xenopus laevis† Breeding system Lentic or slow-moving lotic water Lentic water or slow-moving lotic water Mangroves, marine, lentic or lotic water (freshwater streams) Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Sicily, Italy 15 2 Florida, US 36 3 Guyana Trinidad Anguilla CNMI Ryukyu Islands, Japan Palau Costa Rica St. Maarten Surinam Bahamas Hawaii, US Bermuda St. Lucia Bermuda Bermuda 196 204 6 38 6 3 1 4 18 1 43 20 12 28 25 23 25 36 63 41 2 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 4 3 c Number of 10' grid cells Reptiles Acrochordus javanicus† Anolis aeneus11 Anolis aeneus*2 Anolis carolinensis2 Anolis carolinensis2 Anolis carolinensis Anolis carolinensis Anolis cristatellus12 Anolis cristatellus Anolis cybotes2 Anolis distichus13 Anolis equestris14 Anolis extremus15 Anolis extremus Anolis grahami2 Anolis leachii16 2 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Species a Anolis lineatus2 Anolis marmoratus17 Anolis maynardi18 Anolis porcatus19 Anolis sagrei20 Anolis sagrei Anolis sagrei Anolis trinitatis21 Anolis wattsi2 Anolis wattsi Apalone spinifera†2 Apalone spinifera† Boa constrictor22 Boa constrictor2 Brachylophus fasciatus2 Caiman crocodilus†23 Caiman crocodilus†2 Calotes versicolor24 Calotes versicolor2 Chalcides ocellatus25 Habitat system Breeding system Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water; Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Klein Curaçao French Guiana Cayman Islands Residence time c 1 37 4 Dominican Republic 36 St. Maarten 12 St. Vincent 6 Taiwan 21 Florida, US 1 St. Lucia 36 Trinidad 12 Hawaii, US 14 Number of 10' grid cells 1 5 1 4 1 1 5 1 2 3 1 Nevada, US 42 9 Aruba Mexico Vanuatu 4 35 6 3 5 1 Isla de la, Cuba 17 1 Puerto Rico 49 8 Florida, US Rodgrigues Italy 10 22 104 1 1 3 Species a Chalcides ocellatus Chamaeleo chamaeleon2 Chamaeleo chamaeleon Chamaeleo jacksonii26 Chamaeleo jacksonii Cnemidophorus lemniscatus27 Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus*28 Ctenosaura pectinata29 Cyclura nubila2 Cyrtopodion scabrum2 Emoia impar*2 Furcifer oustaleti2 Gehyra mutilata*31 Gehyra mutilata* Gehyra mutilata2 Gehyra mutilata Gekko badenii2 Gekko gecko32 Hemidactylus frenatus33 Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Habitat system Breeding system Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Arizona, US Malta Portugal Hawaii, US California, US Florida, US Residence time 11 93 24 34 16 5 Number of 10' grid cells 1 1 1 14 4 3 Hawaii, US 810 26 Florida, US Puerto Rico Israel Hawaii, US Florida, US Hawaii, US Mauritius Mexico Seychelles Florida, US Martinique American Samoa Australia Costa Rica French Polynesia 37 12 18 763 20 800 119 80 98 4 19 29 161 34 11 5 1 1 9 1 34 2 13 1 1 1 1 70 1 1 c Species a Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus frenatus Hemidactylus garnotii*34 Hemidactylus garnotii Hemidactylus mabouia35 Hemidactylus turcicus36 Hemidactylus turcicus Hemidactylus turcicus Hemidactylus turcicus Hemidactylus turcicus Hemidactylus turcicus Hemiphyllodactylus typus*37 Iguana iguana38 Iguana iguana Lacerta bilineata39 Lampropeltis californiae40 Lampropholis delicata*41 Laudakia stellio42 Leiocephalus schreibersii2 Habitat system Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Breeding system Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Hawaii, US Loyalty Islands Mexico New Caledonia Palau Solomon Islands Hawaii, US Texas, US Surinam Florida, US Kansas, US Louisiana, US New Mexico, US Texas, US California, US Hawaii, US Hawaii, US St. Maarten Kansas, US Canary Islands Hawaii, US Greece: Corfu Florida, US Residence time c 60 42 84 61 44 62 800 2 15 89 1 26 10 58 24 807 55 17 8 16 100 87 1 Number of 10' grid cells 65 2 106 28 4 1 29 1 1 5 1 2 2 15 7 20 2 1 1 2 29 1 1 Species a Leioheterodon madagascariensis43 Leiolepis belliana44 Lepidodactylus lugubris*45 Lepidodactylus lugubris Lepidodactylus lugubris Lipinia noctua*46 Lycodon aulicus47 Lycodon aulicus Macroprotodon cucullatus*2 Habitat system Breeding system Introduction jurisdiction b Residence time Comoros 75 1 c Number of 10' grid cells Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Florida, US Hawaii, US Nicaragua Panama Hawaii, US Christmas Island Mauritius Balearic Islands 15 810 37 71 801 6 93 2194 1 48 4 12 8 2 1 18 Texas, US 11 10 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Cayman Islands Guam Hawaii, US Hawaii, US Hawaii, US Hawaii, US 1 23 146 15 16 31 1 2 8 5 1 19 Phyllodactylus reissi50 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water; terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Galapagos, Ecuador 24 1 Plestiodon inexpectatus2 Podarcis sicula2 Podarcis sicula Ramphotyphlops braminus51 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Bahamas Kansas, US New York, US Australia 17 57 29 45 2 3 6 26 Nerodia fasciata†48 Pantherophis guttatus30 Pelodiscus sinensis†2 Pelodiscus sinensis*† Phelsuma grandis2 Phelsuma guimbeaui49 Phelsuma laticauda2 Species a Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Habitat system Breeding system Ramphotyphlops braminus Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Ramphotyphlops braminus* Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops braminus Scelarcis perspicillata2 Sphaerodactylus argus52 Tarentola mauritanica2 Teira dugesii*2 Telescopus fallax2 Trachemys decussata†53 Trachemys scripta†2 Trachemys scripta† Trachemys scripta† Trachylepis quinquetaeniata2 Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Lentic or lotic water Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Egypt Florida, US Hawaii, US Residence time 21 40 86 Number of 10' grid cells 1 6 19 Massachusetts, US 8 1 Mauritius Mexico New Caledonia Seychelles St. Barts St. Maarten Tanzania Louisiana, US Vanuatu Balearic Islands Florida, US California, US Azores Malta Cayman Islands Guam Hawaii, US South Carolina, US Florida, US 130 102 17 28 13 22 48 1 19 86 71 3 141 81 32 21 24 2 5 1 28 8 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 2 4 1 10 3 1 c Species a Tupinambis teguixin54 Habitat system Terrestrial Breeding system Terrestrial Introduction jurisdiction b Brazil Residence time c 22 Number of 10' grid cells 1 a. numbers indicate the sequence number of the supporting references below b. introduction jurisdictions were based on (Kraus 2009 Alien reptiles and amphibians: a scientific compendium and analysis. Springer, Dordrecht.); c. residence times were calculated by subtracting the date of the successful introduction (taken from Kraus (2009)) from the most recent record (estimated from databases and references in Table S2); *indicates samples that involved long residence times in geographically restricted islands. †indicates samples involved aquatic species Supporting References 1. http://www.sacsplash.org/critter/california-tiger-salamander 2. IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 March 2014. 3. Chan, K.F., Cheung, K.S., Ho, C.Y., Lam F.N. and Tang, W.S. (2005). A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Hong Kong. Agriculture, Fisheries & Conservation Department, Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 4. Agreement No. CE 52/2007 (HY) Tuen Mun – Chek Lap Kok Link – Investigation EIA Report. Downloaded at: http://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/report/eiareport/eia_1742009/pdf/Section%207%20Terrestrial%20Ecology/Appendix%20pdf/E9_TMCLK L_Herpe.pdf 5. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/frpa/iwms/documents/Amphibians/a_redleggedfrog.pdf 6. Tyler, J. D., & Hoestenbach Jr, R. D. (1979). Differences in food of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from pond and stream habitats in southwestern Oklahoma. Southwestern Nat., 33-38. 7. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lithobates_clamitans_clamitans/#habitat 8. http://www.epa.gov/housatonic/thesite/restofriver/reports/final_era/B%20-%20Focus%20Species%20Profiles/EcoRiskProfile_leopard_frog.pdf 9. McKay, J.L. (2006). A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Bali. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 10. http://www.twghwflc.edu.hk/eco_web/WFL%20Web/WFLCecodatabase/Botanic/P.mega.htm 11. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1674&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN 12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_crested_anole#Habitat 13. http://issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1681&fr=1&sts&lang=EN 14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Anole#Habitat 15. http://interface.creative.auckland.ac.nz/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1676&fr=1&sts&lang=EN 16. http://interface.creative.auckland.ac.nz/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1677&fr=1&sts&lang=EN 17. http://www16.anoleannals.org/2012/04/07/the-anoles-of-guadeloupe/ 18. http://www.doe.ky/terrestrial/animals/lizards/ 19. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1684&lang=EN 20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_anole 21. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?fr=1&sts&lang=EN&si=1675 22. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boa_constrictor#Habitat 23. http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/csp_ccro.htm#habi 24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_garden_lizard 25. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcides_ocellatus 26. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1575&lang=EN 27. Montgomery, C.E., Boback, S.M., Green, S.E.W., et al. (2011) Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Squamata: Teiidae) on Cayo Cochino Pequeño, Honduras: extent of island occupancy, natural history, and conservation status. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 6: 10-24. 28. http://eol.org/pages/815914/details 29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenosaura_pectinata2 30. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_snake#Natural_habitat 31. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%AA%E8%B6%BE%E8%99%8E 32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokay_gecko 33. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_House_Gecko 34. http://geckoweb.org/hemidactylus-garnotii.html 35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_house_gecko#Habitat 36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_house_gecko 37 http://www.dwarfgeckos.com/OtherDwarfs/Hemiphyllodactylus_typus/Hemiphyllodactylus_typus.html 38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Iguana#Distribution_and_habitat 39. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Green_Lizard#Habitat 40. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_kingsnake 41. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampropholis_delicata 42. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellagama 43. http://www.reptaquatics.com/?q=node/16 44. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_butterfly_lizard 45. http://www.gekkota.com/html/lepidodactylus_lugubris.html 46. http://eol.org/pages/457929/details 47. http://reptilefacts.tumblr.com/post/19955374795/the-common-wolf-snake-lycodon-aulicus-capucinus 48. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banded_water_snake 49. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_lowland_forest_day_gecko#Habitat 50. Arizmendi, J., & Carlos, J. (2011). Notas sobre la ecología de Phyllodactylus reissi (Phyllodactylidae: Sauria) en el Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (Tumbes, Perú). Revista Peruana de Biología, 18, 377-380. 51. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramphotyphlops_braminus#Habitat 52. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocellated_gecko#Habitat 53. http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A9%E9%BE%9F%E5%B1%9E 54. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_tegu 55. http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Xenopus&where-species=laevis
