Supplementary Table 2 Muscle strength training: monofactorial intervention studies.
Methods
Approach
Duration
Population
Number
Ex
Co Age
Sex
Effect of training on:
Strength
Significant No effect
effect
Knee ext
Grip
Ref
Stability
Significant
effect
Tandem stance,
one-legged
stance eo
Backwards
tandem gait; onelegged stance eo
(within
intervention)
Lateral stabilitye
Falls
Significant effect
No effect
One-legged stance ec,
tandem gait
NA
NA
1
One-legged stance ec
NA
NA
2
–
NA
NA
3
Static posturography,
maximum reach, onelegged stance narrow
support
Functional reach,
stance ground ec
NA
NA
4
NA
NA
5
rh 0.53 (0.30-0.91);
rr 0.61 (0.39-0.93)
–
6
NA
NA
7
hr 0.78 (0.64–
0.94); hr adj 0.72
(0.59–0.88)f
–
–
8
Number
9
No effect
Exercise
10m,
3xpw, 1h
37
44
65+
M+
F
Dynamic
resistance
12w, 3xpw
25
30
65+
M+
F
Knee
ext/flex
–
Weighted
vest
exercises
Leg
strength
9m, 3xpw,
1h
18a
22
50+
F
Dorsiflex
3m, 3xpw,
45 min
28
27
75+
M+
F
Hip abd;
knee ext;
plantarflex
Knee ext;
plantarflex;
hip ext
Hip abd;
dorsiflex
–
Leg
resistance
10w, 3xpw
50d
50
64+
M+
F
Dorsiflex
–
Whole
body
training
6m, 3xpd,
1hr
25b
30
68+
M+
F
Knee
ext/flex;
plantarflex
Hip; knee;
elbow
Ankle
–
Whole
body
resistance
Targeted
exercise
per subject
Quadriceps
25w,
2xpw, 50
min
16m, 3xpd
32c
32
75+
F
–
Dorsiflex;
quadriceps
Fall risk score;
stance foam eo
Balance beams,
parallel/(semi)
tandem stance, stance
on tilt boards
Balance and mobility
score
180
178
85+
M+
F
–
Chair
stands; grip
Tandem stance
–
10w, 3xpw
112
110
65+
M+
–
Quadriceps
NA
NA
resistance
Arm and
leg
resistance
d
12 m,
3xpw
30
30
65+
F
M+
F
–
Quadriceps;
grip
–
Static posturography;
(semi) tandem/onelegged stance
–
of falls
Number
of falls
10
a
White nonsmoking women. bMild strength/balance deficits. cWith osteoporosis, control group did stretch exercises. dFrail. eOn posturography
predicted by hip abd strength; lateral path of sway predicted by relative maximum leg power. fFirst fall in those able to move outdoors, hr adj =
adjusted for age, sex, vision, previous falls, vision, propriception, strength, reaction time, balance, single-legged stance, tandem gait, stair
mobility. Abbreviations: abd, abduction; adj, adjusted; Co, controls; ec, eyes closed; eo, eyes open; Ex, exercisers; ext, extension; F, female;
flex, flexion; h, hour; hr, hazard ratio; m, months; M, male; pd, per day; NA, not applicable; pw, per week; rh, relative hazard; rr, relative risk;
w, weeks.
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