***1NC***
FW
Resolution indicates government action
Ericson 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The
Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging … future action that you propose.
2) Predictability - Stasis is key to contestation and meaningful debate
STEINBERG & FREELEY 8 (Austin J. Freeley is a … outlined in the following discussion.
3) Our framework preserves switch side debate,
The mutual contestation we enable solves their offense and generates reasoned moral
convictions
Star Muir, 1993. Professor of Communication at George Mason. “A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary
Debate,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 26.4, p. 291-292.
Firm moral commitment to a value … form their own moral identity.
Voting aff destroys this. By … it more corrupt and partisan
Coverstone, 95 – masters in communication from Wake Forest and longtime debate coach (Alan, “An
Inward Glance; A Response to Mitchell’s Outward Activist Turn,”
http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Coverstone1995China.htm)
Second, Mitchell's argument underestimates the … should help illustrate this idea.
Like many young debaters, I learned a great deal about socialism early on. This was not crammed down my throat. Rather, I learned about the issue in the free flow of
information that is debate. The intrigue of this, and other outmoded political arguments, was in its relative unfamiliarity. Reading socialist literature avidly, I was ready to take
on the world. Yet I only had one side of the story. I was an easy mark for the present political powers. Nevertheless, I decided to fight City Hall. I had received a parking ticket
which I felt was unfairly issued. Unable to convince the parking department to see it my way, I went straight to the top. I wrote the Mayor a letter. In this letter, I accused the
city of exploitation of its citizens for the purpose of capital accumulation. I presented a strong Marxist critique of parking meters in my town. The mayor's reply was simple and
straightforward. He called me a communist. He said I was being silly and should pay the ticket. I was completely embarrassed by the entire exchange. I thought I was ready to
start the revolution. In reality, I wasn't even ready to speak to the Mayor. I did learn from the experience, but I did not learn what Gordon might have hoped. I learned to stop
reading useless material and to keep my opinions to myself.
Do we really want to … potential
of involvement in debate.
Policy discussions on energy policy are important – knowing how to work in the system key to
fix it
HAGER 92 Carol J, Professor of political … politics in modern technological society.61
Change through ballots is bad - the aff doesn’t spillover and politicizing the outcome of rounds
collapses any change they want to make
Atchison and Panetta 9 – *Director of Debate at Trinity University and **Director of Debate at the
University of Georgia (Jarrod, and Edward, “Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the
Future,” The Sage Handbook of Rhetorical Studies, Lunsford, Andrea, ed., 2009, p. 317-334)
The final problem with an … by a great number of people.
K
The affirmative is a carnival of difference that will be commodified and sold as a new market
for capital’s infiltration. Difference and identity can and must only be understood from a classbased perspective. This is key to creating a successful movement
D’ANNIBALE AND MCLAREN ‘4 (Valerie Catamburio, PhD, chairs the Graduate Program in Communication
and Social Justice at the University of Windsor, and Peter, professor in the Division of Urban Schooling,
Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, UCLA, “The Strategic Centrality of Class in the Politics
of "Race" and "Difference”,” Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 148-175 (2003))
Because post-al theories of difference …. and genuine toleration of differences?” (pp. 232- 233).
Differentiations exist between the ontological worlds of identity politics. These differentiations
are central to violence and extermination and necessitate unending war
Balibar 1 (Etienne, Emeritus Prof. of Philosophy @ U. of Paris X Nanterre and U. of Cal., Irvine, “Outlines of a
Topography of Cruelty: Citizenship and Civility in the Era of Global Violence,” Constellations, Vol. 8.1)
This paper is based on a talk which I was asked… first instance, seem to be mainly “economic.”
Vote negative to affirm the Communist Hypothesis. This is a prerequisite to calculations,
rejecting it rejects the meaning of human life in calculation
BADIOU ‘9 (Alain, Prof. @ European Graduate … , The Meaning of Sarkozy, pgs. 97-103 bb)
I would like to situate the Sarkozy episode, which is not an impressive page in French history, in a broader
horizon. Let us picture a kind of Hegelian fresco of recent world history - by which I do not, like our
journalists, mean the triad Mitterrand-Chirac-Sarkozy, but rather the development of the politics of workingclass and popular emancipation over nearly two centuries.
Since the French Revolution and … the history of this hypothesis.
This round is key – Let the discussion become a metaphoric condensation for Communism.
Voting negative means the battle is already won.
BADIOU ‘10 (Alain, Prof. @ European Graduate School, Former chair of Philosophy @ École Normale
Supérieure, The Idea of Communism, pgs. 11-13 bb)
We will now ask: why is it necessary…. the eternal consequences of an event.
Our ethico-political obligation is to assume responsibility for our actions. It is only our belief in
the big Other which allows capitalism to naturalize the subjugation of the millions who are
excluded from it, and through ideology, eliminate them.
ŽIŽEK & DALY ‘4 (Slavoj, Prof. of European Graduate School, Intl. Director of the Birkbeck Inst. for
Humanities, U. of London, and Senior Researcher @ Inst. of Sociology, U. of Ljubljiana, and Glyn, Professor
Intl. Studies @ Northampton U., “Risking the Impossible” http://www.lacan.com/zizek-daly.htm th)
It is in the light of this more subtle… exhorts us to risk the impossible.
case
The aff’s insistence on the centrality of social death reifies western social sciences and attempts
to distil a universal grounds for understanding slavery resulting in reductionism and the
inability to see forms of sociability within slavery itself
BROWN ’9 (Vincent, Professor of History … important new studies of slavery.9
Resist the totalizing claims of the aff—only a method sensitive and focused on specific acts of
agency can shatter the ability of the state to understand individuals in terms of social death
BROWN ‘9 (Vincent, Professor of History … in 1781 or the Recovery in 1791.
2NC – K
The language of the plan is not neutral—its informs how critical pedagogy privileges certain
forms of knowledge and inadvertently reify the ritual of democracy—don’t risk the
incorporating the language of democracy in a pedagogy that doesn’t need it
McLaren 89 (Peter, Professor at the Graduate School of Education at UCLA, Critical Pedagogy, the state and
Cultural Struggle, “On Ideology and Education”, Pg 192)
Within the frame work sketched … felt and responded to somatically.
Intersectionality has historically footnoted the criticism of Capitalism—only a
PRIORITIZATION of class struggle has the potential of universalizing our form of politics—all
other forms of oppression are merely derivative
MCLAREN AND D’ANNIBALLE, 2K4 (Peter, Professor at the Graduate School of Education at UCLA,
and Valerie “Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’”,
Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia)
In stating this, we need to include…. super-exploitation of women’s labor. (Kovel, 2002, pp. 123–124)
The 1AC’s insistence upon social change without reference to historical Marxist struggle makes
enduring social change impossible and fails to create mass mobilization for change
BOSTEELS ’11 (Bruno, Prof. of Romance … Studies @ Cornell U., Badiou and Politics, pp. 280-285)
THE COMMUNIST INVARIANTS In what … the
various stages of Marxism.
Wilderson’s theory is too myopic—it destroys the potential for political change
Ba 11 (SAER, TEACHES AT PORTSMOUTH UNIVERSITY, “THE US DECENTERED: FROM BLACK SOCIAL DEATH TO CULTURAL
TRANSFORMATION”, CULTURAL STUDIES REVIEW, VOL 17, NO 2)
Red, White and Black is … with its answers in tow.’ (340)
Racism and white supremacy were RATIONALIZATIONS of a fundamentally economic system
of slavery
SELFA 2 (LANCE, “SLAVERY AND THE ORIGINS OF RACISM, INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW, ISSUE 26,
HTTP://WWW.ISREVIEW.ORG/ISSUES/26/ROOTS_OF_RACISM.SHTML)
“All men are created … from equality with the slave.25
Tie-breaker goes our way: even if the aff is right from a theory perspective, our rejection of
social death theory is key to understand LIVED experience of the enslaved providing a BETTER
way of coming to terms with the forces of power that enabled the Middle Passage
BROWN ’9 (Vincent, Professor of History … actually made of their situation.
1NR – FW
Our definition is of energy production---here’s the entry from the dictionary
US Energy Information Administration, No Date, Accessed 7/2/12, Glossary,
http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=E
Energy production: See production terms associated with specific energy types.
US ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, NO DATE, Accessed 7/2/12, Glossary,
http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=E
Nuclear electric power
(nuclear power): … of nuclear fuel in a reactor.
http://www.photius.com/energy/glossaryn.html
Actual surveys/studies support this
Thomas Preston, Summer 2003. Professor of communications at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. “No-topic debating in Parliamentary
Debate: Students and Critic Reactions,” http://cas.bethel.edu/dept/comm/npda/journal/vol9no5.pdf.
The study involved forty-three … an advantage to the Opposition.
Makes debate impossible
Thomas Preston, Summer 2003. Professor of communications at the University of Missouri-St. Louis. “No-topic debating in Parliamentary
Debate: Students and Critic Reactions,” http://cas.bethel.edu/dept/comm/npda/journal/vol9no5.pdf.
For the overall student data, … evolution of parliamentary debate form.
Undermining switch side debate destroys critical activism – debating both sides of democracy
assistance empirically creates powerful liberal coalitions
Guilhot, research fellow – Social Science Research Council, prof sociology – LSE, ‘5
(Nicolas, The Democracy Makers, p. 13-14)
Finally, there can be double agents… obviously changed its signification, if not its sides.
Academic debate over energy policy in the face of environmental destruction is critical to shape
the direction of change and create a public consciousness shift---action now is key
CRIST 4 (Eileen, Professor at Virginia Tech in the Department of Science and Technology, “Against the social
construction of nature and wilderness”, Environmental Ethics 26;1, p 13-6,
http://www.sts.vt.edu/faculty/crist/againstsocialconstruction.pdf)
Yet, constructivist analyses of "nature" … pressingly calling us to change it.