Name: _____________________________ period: _____ Date: _________________________
Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution
Part 1: Matching Vocab. Match the term on the right with the definition on the left by
placing the letter on the blank where it best matches.
1. ______ when individuals are specifically chosen
A. adaptation
to reproduce and create the next
B. adaptive radiation
generation
C. analogous structure
2. ______ the idea that living things only come from
D. artificial selection
other living things
E. biogenesis
3. ______ as organisms change in the fossil record,
F. coevolution
different fossils called __ __ are found
G. convergent evolution
that get closer and closer to modern species
H. divergent evolution
4. ______ parts of an organism that no longer have a
I. geographic isolation
function, e.g. human’s appendix or tailbone
J. gene pool
5. ______ although phenotype frequency in a population
K. genetic drift
changes over time, the genotypes are
L. gradualism
relatively constant
M. half life
6. ______ using rates of atoms decay to get a specific
N. Hardy-Weinberg
age of an object/fossil
equlibrium
7. ______ where members of a population become
O. homologous structure
physically separated from others and
P. morphology
begin to change over time.
Q. punctuated equilibrium
8. ______ process where different species develop
R. radiometric dating
similar traits
S. relative age
9. ______ process by which allele frequencies change
T. reproductive isolation
in a population over time
U. speciation
10. ______ parts on an organism that are similar to
V. spontaneous generation
parts on another organism although they
W. transitional species
do not share a common ancestor; e.g. wings
X. vestigial structure
on birds and wings on insects
11. ______ a trait that helps an organism survive its environment
12. ______ process where two different species change/develop together over time
13. ______ the processes where new species develop from others
14. ______ where organisms are close to each other physically, but reproduce at
different times or in different ways and begin to change over time
15. ______ process where one species can become many different, similar ones, over
time
16. ______ changes in species happen at a slow, regular rate over time
17. ______ the idea that living things can come from nonliving things
18. ______ being able to tell if something is older or younger than something else (e.g.
a fossil) but not exactly how old
19. ______ appearance of an organism, used in the past to classify organisms
20. ______ when many changes happen in a relatively quick amount of time, followed
by long periods with little change
21. ______ process where a species develop to fill many ecological niches/jobs
22. ______ the time it takes for ½ of the amount of an atom to decay
23. ______ total genetic variation within a population
24. ______ part of an organism that is similar to another organism due to a common
ancestor, e.g. wings on bats and wings on birds.
25. Explain and give an example of spontaneous generation.
It took the efforts of three scientists to disprove spontaneous generation. Describe
each one’s experiment. Drawing a picture may help but is not necessary.
26. Spalanzani
27. Redi:
28. Pasteur:
29. Miller and Urey did an experiment to show how life may have first formed on
Earth. Describe their experiment and how they thought life first arose.
Charles Darwin set his theory of evolution on the work of other scientists. Describe
each of these scientist’s ideas and how Darwin used them.
30. Cuvier
31. Lyell
32. Lamarck
Darwin’s theory of Evolution relies on 4 points. Explain each:
33. overproduction of offspring
34. genetic variation
35. struggle to survive
36. differential reproduction
There are many pieces of evidence for the modern Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection. Explain each of these:
37. Fossil evidence
38. Biogeography
39. Anatomy
40. Embryology
41. Biological Molecules
Evolution can happen in several different ways. Explain and give an example of each
of these:
42. Divergent Evolution
43. Convergent Evolution
44. Artificial Selection:
45. Coevolution:
Answer Key_
Name: __
period: _____ Date: _________________________
Pretest Ch 14 – 16: Evolution
Part 1: Matching Vocab. Match the term on the right with the definition on the left by
placing the letter on the blank where it best matches.
D___ when individuals are specifically chosen
1. __
to reproduce and create the next
generation
E___ the idea that living things only come from
2. __
other living things
W___ as organisms change in the fossil record,
3. __
A. adaptation
B. adaptive radiation
C. analogous structure
D. artificial selection
E. biogenesis
different fossils called __ __ are found
that get closer and closer to modern species
F. coevolution
G. convergent evolution
H. divergent evolution
function, e.g. human’s appendix or tailbone
I. geographic isolation
J. gene pool
changes over time, the genotypes are
relatively constant
K. genetic drift
L. gradualism
M. half life
X___ parts of an organism that no longer have a
4. __
N___ although phenotype frequency in a population
5. __
R___ using rates of atoms decay to get a specific
6. __
age of an object/fossil
I
N. Hardy-Weinberg
equlibrium
7. __ ___ where members of a population become
physically separated from others and
begin to change over time.
O. homologous structure
P. morphology
Q. punctuated equilibrium
8. __
similar traits
R. radiometric dating
S. relative age
in a population over time
T. reproductive isolation
U. speciation
G__ process where different species develop
K__ process by which allele frequencies change
9. ___
C___ parts on an organism that are similar to
10. __
parts on another organism although they
do not share a common ancestor; e.g. wings
on birds and wings on insects
V. spontaneous generation
W. transitional species
X. vestigial structure
A___ a trait that helps an organism survive its environment
11. __
F___ process where two different species change/develop together over time
12. __
U___ the processes where new species develop from others
13. __
T__ where organisms are close to each other physically, but reproduce at
14. ___
different times or in different ways and begin to change over time
H___ process where one species can become many different, similar ones, over
15. __
time
L___ changes in species happen at a slow, regular rate over time
16. __
V___ the idea that living things can come from nonliving things
17. __
S__ being able to tell if something is older or younger than something else (e.g.
18. __
a fossil) but not exactly how old
P__ appearance of an organism, used in the past to classify organisms
19. ___
Q__ when many changes happen in a relatively quick amount of time, followed
20. __
by long periods with little change
B___ process where a species develop to fill many ecological niches/jobs
21. __
M__ the time it takes for ½ of the amount of an atom to decay
22. ___
J___ total genetic variation within a population
23. __
O__ part of an organism that is similar to another organism due to a common
24. ___
ancestor, e.g. wings on bats and wings on birds.
25. Explain and give an example of spontaneous generation.
Living things coming from nonliving things.
e.g. in the past, people thought that if you put
rags into the corner of your barn it would turn
into mice and rotting meat turns into flies.
It took the efforts of three scientists to disprove spontaneous generation. Describe
each one’s experiment. Drawing a picture may help but is not necessary.
26. Spalanzani
Boiled broth…sealed one,
didn’t seal another…open one
spoiled
People said he killed the
“vital force” and didn’t let it back
in by sealing it.
27. Redi:
Put meat in two jars to
rot…left one open and it got flies,
put screen over the other and
flies were on the screen, not on the meat, so
flies do not come from meat
28. Pasteur:
Boiled broth in swan necked flasks…they
stayed open to air and did not become
contaminated until broken
29. Miller and Urey did an experiment to show how life may have first formed on
Earth. Describe their experiment and how they thought life first arose.
Started with a mix of gases similar to
Earth’s early atmosphere,
ran electric current
through to simulate
electricity.
Amino acids were created
Charles Darwin set his theory of evolution on the work of other scientists. Describe
each of these scientist’s ideas and how Darwin used them.
30. Cuvier
studied rock layers/fossils and noticed that
over time, fossils change, some become extinct
Catastrophism…idea that big changes
(catastrophes) cause changes
31. Lyell
Similar to Cuvier, saw changes, but thought
the changes happened because of processes
going on now…uniformitarianism
32. Lamarck
Thought living things could change within
their lifetime and pass that on…inheritance of
acquired traits
For example, he thought that giraffes had
long necks because they stretched them during
their lifetime and then passed that on to
children
Darwin’s theory of Evolution relies on 4 points. Explain each:
33. overproduction of offspring
There are more “babies” than can survive
(either large amount so babies, or babies that
live a long time)
34. genetic variation
Some of those “babies” are genetically
different due to mutations
35. struggle to survive
Because there are too many “babies” they
have to fight for what they need to live…food,
water, shelter, resources…
36. differential reproduction
Not all “babies” live to reproduce, only the
ones that are best suited to their environment
will survive
There are many pieces of evidence for the modern Theory of Evolution by Natural
Selection. Explain each of these:
37. Fossil evidence
As you go farther down in
rock layers, the rocks and
fossils get older
Older fossils do not look the
same, but are similar to
organisms today
Can trace changes little by little through
transition species
38. Biogeography
Animals on different
continents are similar…
mammals in Australia are
similar to ours, but not the
same
39. Anatomy
Structures on different animals
are similar…whales flippers, bats
wings, our arms.
40. Embryology
Embryos all look similar
early in their development
41. Biological Molecules
DNA/RNA from organisms
are very similar in base
sequence and gene sequence
Evolution can happen in several different ways. Explain and give an example of each
of these:
42. Divergent Evolution
One organism,
over time,
develops into
many similar
organisms.
Leads to
homologous
structures
43. Convergent Evolution
Organisms, on their won, for different
reasons, evolve to be very similar. e.g. fish and
dolphins. Leads to analogous structures
44. Artificial Selection:
One organism chooses another to reproduce
for a particular trait, rather than allowing the
traits to decide how well it survives its
environment. e.g. dog breeding
45. Coevolution:
Two or more organisms that work together
change together over time e.g. coral and algae
that give them their color