Previous exams - Universitetet i Oslo
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UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 1 Dato: 25. februar 2004 This examination paper consists of 4 pages. Appendices: none Permitted materials: none The number of answers for each question must match the number shown in brackets to the right. 1. RNA synthesis proceeds in 3’->5’ direction is catalyzed by an RNA polymerase can be initiated at any site on the DNA strand requires dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP is facilitated by DNA supercoiling (2) 2. RNA can be processed by chemical modification addition of a 5’ cap addition of sugar molecules splitting off the 3’ untranslated region joining the 5’ and 3’ ends by RNA ligase cutting into pieces (3) 3. Bacterial genomes do not contain transposable elements (transposons) are always circular are compacted by supercoiling frequently contain operons are normally diploid 4. Linkage analysis is used in physical mapping is based on Mendel’s laws can only be used with prokaryotes is based on recombination frequencies requires unlinked genes 5. Base stacking occurs in DNA does not occur in RNA occurs in DNA-binding proteins destabilizes molecules involves hydrophobic interactions (2) (2) (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET 6. Retrotransposition requires a reverse transcriptase can be replicative or conservative involves a DNA copy of the transposon is only found in eukaryotes involves a transposase enzyme 7. Histones are proteins contain nucleic acids are synthesized in nuclei are parts of nucleosomes are bound to membranes Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 2 Dato: 25. februar 2004 (3) (2) 8. Possible functions of genes can be assigned by homology searching can be probed by directed mutagenesis can be deduced from their location in genomes can be found by exon trapping are known for most genes in sequenced genomes 9. Telomers are located at the ends of ribosomal RNA in centromers in the middle of chromosomes at the ends of chromosomes in nuclear DNA in mitochondrial DNA in prokaryotes in eukaryotes (3) 10. Interspersed repetitive DNA can be microsatellites can be minisatellites can be retrotransposons can be DNA transposons can be pseudogenes 11. Members of a multigene family have largely identical sequences are always clustered on the same chromosome are often not expressed at the same time cannot be pseudogenes (2) (2) (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 3 12. PCR is used for reverse transcribing RNA into DNA digesting proteins digesting DNA copying plasmids amplifying DNA amplifying proteins Dato: 25. februar 2004 (1) 13. Partial linkage is found for genes on different chromosomes is the basis for genetic mapping can be demonstrated by cross-breeding experiments was discovered by Gregor Mendel might occur during mitosis (2) 14. DNA sequencing by the chain termination method results in sequences of maximum 100-200 bp 400-500 bp 600-800 bp 900-1100 bp 1200-1400 bp (1) 15. Genetic maps are usually less accurate than physical maps are based on polymorphic sequences use a clone library as mapping reagent are deduced from linkage analyses use only genes or tandem repeats as markers (3) 16. Operons are characteristic for eukaryotic genomes contain more than one gene contain more than one promoter contain always similar genes contain almost no intergenic sequences (2) 17. All restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria cut only in the DNA motif that they bind to cut only in sequences containing Gs and Cs create either cohesive (“sticky”) or blunt ends digest DNA from one end of the molecule are proteins (3) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET 18. Transformation converts DNA into RNA converts RNA into proteins joins two DNA fragments cuts DNA into fragments introduces DNA into cells removes genomes from cells is used in cloning of DNA BLAD 1 Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: Dato: 30. mars 2004 (2) 19. Most R-groups of the 20 amino acids in proteins are non-polar polar negatively charged positively charged (1) 20. Microsatellites are interspersed genome-wide repeats are usually shorter than 150 bp are not in the same position of the genome in different individuals are often found in retroviruses can easily be amplified by PCR (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 1 Dato: 30. mars 2004 This examination paper consists of 4 pages. Appendices: none Permitted materials: none The number of answers for each question must match the number shown in brackets to the right. 1. Genes always contain deoxyribonucleotides a coding region a transcription start site amino acids exons and introns 2. Bacteriophages are viruses can contain an RNA genome consist of proteins and nucleic acid replicate in bacteria always kill infected bacteria were discovered in the 1950s (2) (3) 3. A DNA double helix is always right-handed is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions has a diameter between 5-10 nm is positively charged contains major and minor grooves (2) 4. The human nuclear genome is the largest genome known to date contains at least 40,000 genes is different in cells of different tissues consists largely of non-coding sequences is split into 24 different chromosomes (2) 5. LTR elements occur in DNA are found in bacteria are also called long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) contain a reverse transcriptase gene contain a polyA tail (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET BLAD 2 6. Bacterial genomes are compacted by histones other proteins than histones supercoiling DNA polymerases DNA topoisomerases CP proteins 7. Transcriptomes consist of proteins consist of RNA can differ in different cells contain mostly ribosomal RNAs are located in the nucleus Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: Dato: 30. mars 2004 8. Microsatellites are frequently found in bacterial genomes always smaller than 50 bp used as DNA markers tandemly repeated sequences movable DNA elements (3) (2) 9. RNAs are synthesized by DNA polymerase are usually longer than DNA molecules contain ribose are frequently modified after synthesis are more stable than DNA molecules function primarily in expression of genes contain uracil instead of adenine are always synthesized in the nucleus (2 (3) 10. An -helix is found in RNA is found in DNA is found in proteins is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions is stabilized by hydrogen bonds (2) 11. The genetic code consists of 62 codons differs in different tissues of an organism is redundant contains three stop codons (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 3 Dato: 30. mars 2004 12. Centromeres contain many tightly packed genes are common in bacterial chromosomes function in DNA replication are associated with histones occur only in eukaryotes are always located in the middle of chromosomes 13. Linkage analysis is used in physical mapping is based on Mendel’s laws can only be used with prokaryotes is based on recombination frequencies requires unlinked genes (1) (2) 14. DNA sequencing by the chain termination method always requires RNA polymerase dideoxynucleotides an automated sequencing machine end-labeling of DNA fluorescent primers (1) 15. Introns are always flanked by exons occur only in genes do never contain any meaningful DNA sequence frequently contain translation stop codons help to identify genes in genomic sequences (3) 16. DNA markers are primarily used in physical mapping of genomes are used in sequence assembly are usually genes are DNA-binding proteins can be SNPs (2) 17. Proteins are synthesized in the nucleus consist of amino acids can be toxic fold spontaneously into their correct conformations can fold into a double-helical structure can consist of several subunits (3) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 1 18. DNA supercoiling is catalyzed by enzymes enlarges DNA molecules affects transcription initiation is only found in bacteria changes the size of genomes occurs mostly in linear DNA molecules does not occur in organelles Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 17, 2005 (2) 19. Nucleosomes consist of chromatin and nucleotides chromatin and histones DNA and chromatin DNA and histones (1) 20. Plasmids form an integral part of genomes may consist of RNA rarely contain genes often confer antibiotic resistance can be transferred between cells (2) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 1 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 17, 2005 This examination paper consists of 4 pages. Appendices: none Permitted materials: none The number of answers for each question must match the number shown in brackets to the right. 1. Nucleosomes contain mostly ribosomal RNA are present in bacteria contain histones are building blocks of DNA disappear during meiosis (1) 2. Organelle genomes are always circular replicate independently from nuclear genomes are much smaller than nuclear genomes are normally not highly expressed exist in one copy per organelle are normally split into several chromosomes (2) 3. The bulk of RNA in cells is non-coding RNA coding RNA mRNA transfer RNA small nuclear RNA ribosomal RNA (2) 4. Operons are characteristic for eukaryotic genomes contain more than one gene contain more than one promoter contain always similar genes contain almost no intergenic sequences (2) 5. Microarrays are used in proteome analysis are used in transcriptome analysis are used to identify microsatellites are used to identify homologous sequences are present in eukaryotic genomes (2) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 2 6. Chromosome walking occurs during meiosis occurs during mitosis is a sequencing technique is only found in eukaryotes is used to disrupt genes uses clone libraries Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: March 17, 2005 (1) 7. The following elements are classified as interspersed repeats telomeres long terminal repeats microsatellites pseudogenes DNA transposons retrotransposons centromeres (3) 8. Chaperons are involved in translation transcription protein degradation polypeptide folding RNA degradation mRNA processing (1) 9. Multigene families consist of genes clustered on one chromosome genes coding for different subunits of a protein genes of similar or identical sequences genes coding for proteins of the same biochemical pathway 10. Components of ribonucleic acids are glucose phosphate ribose uracil adenine thymine glycerol deoxyribose nucleotides (1) (5) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: PAGE 3 Date: March 17, 2005 11. The DNA double helix is stabilized by ionic bonds covalent bonds hydrogen bonds hydrophobic interactions disulfide bridges (2) 12. Partial linkage was discovered by Gregor Mendel is the basis of physical mapping is found for sequences on different chromosomes is caused by crossover events (1) 13. A genome map shows all genome markers shows all the genes in a genome shows all the restriction sites in a genome shows all the microsatellites in a genome is made at the end of a genome sequencing project (1) 14. Genetic mapping is less accurate than physical mapping uses ESTs (expressed sequence tags) uses clone libraries uses FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) (1) 15. Which of the following genomes is richest in interspersed repeat sequences? Drosophila genome Human genome Maize genome Saccharomyces genome E. coli genome (1) 16. Proteomes consist of histones and DNA consist of proteases consist of proteins consist of ribosomal RNA degrade proteins 17. Open reading frames (ORFs) are gene sequences are intergenic sequences are usually shorter than 100 bp contain introns contain promoter sequences (1) (1) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES PAGE 1 Date: April 12, 2005 18. Reporter genes are used to identify coding regions are used to identify introns are used to identify regulatory sequences do not code for proteins code for ribosomal RNA are visible genes 19. Homology searching requires a DNA sequence requires data banks requires a complete genome sequence requires a computer requires a protein sequence requires an RNA sequence 20. Transformation converts DNA into RNA converts RNA into proteins joins two DNA fragments introduces DNA into cells removes genomes from cells is used in cloning of DNA Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: (1) (2) (2) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: PAGE 1 Date: April 12, 2005 This examination paper consists of 4 pages. Appendices: none Permitted materials: none The number of answers for each question must match the number shown in brackets to the right. 1. The genetic code has 62 codons codes for 22 amino acids has 3 termination codons is translated in the nucleus is degenerate (2) 2. Prokaryotic genomes contain operons are usually larger than 5x106 bp are free of transposons are packaged by histones exist in one copy per cell are packaged in a nucleolus (2) 3. Linker histones are part of chromatin are part of nucleosomes are only present in centromeres are synthesized in the nucleus (1) 4. Telomers consist of minisatellites are found in bacteria are usually less than 1000 bp in size contain no genes are found in the middle of chromosomes (2) 5. Retrotransposons are only found in eukaryotes are only found in non-vertebrates contain long terminal repeats contain an RNA polymerase gene are also called “long interspersed nuclear elements” (2) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES 6. RNA processing occurs mostly in the cytoplasm is found in prokaryotes includes glycosylations often changes thymins into uracils occurs after translation is mostly autocatalytic PAGE 2 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: Date: April 12, 2005 (1) 7. The following elements contain tandemly repeated DNA minisatellites long terminal repeats microsatellites pseudogenes DNA transposons retrotransposons centromeres (3) 8. Polypeptides can fold into a double helix can have a tertiary structure can contain phosphate can contain sulfur consist of nucleotides are synthesized in the nucleus (2) 9. A STS (Sequence Tagged Site) is a protein sequence is an RNA sequence is a DNA sequence is used in genetic mapping 10. Components of nucleic acids are ribonuclease phosphate sucrose nucleoides adenine thymine glycerol deoxyribose uracil (1) (5) UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES 11. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes bind to proteins are used in physical mapping digest DNA from the ends occur only in bacteria Date: April 12, 2005 12. Chain termination DNA sequencing requires dideoxynucleotides requires deoxynucleotides requires RNA polymerase requires double-stranded DNA requires dimethylsulfate 13. cDNA is made from ribosomal RNA is made from tRNA is made from mRNA contains only introns contains only exons is single-stranded PAGE 3 Mid-term exam in MBV2010 Candidate nr.: (2) (2) 14. ORF scanning is used to find exons is used to find intergenic sequences is used to find gene homologies is used to find genes (2) (1) 15. The human genome is the largest genome known to date was the first completely sequenced genome contains more than 40,000 genes is divided into 24 chromosomes (1) 16. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are random genomic sequences are usually smaller than 50 bp are cDNA sequences can be used as genome markers are attached to repeat sequences (2) UNIVERSITETET I OSLO DET MATEMATISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE FAKULTET Deleksamen i MBV2010 Kandidat nr.: BLAD 4 Dato: April 12, 2005 17. Most sequences in the human genome belong to genes pseudogenes gene fragments interspersed repeats tandem repeats (1) 18. Microsatellites are frequently found in bacterial genomes always smaller than 50 bp used as DNA markers repeated sequences movable DNA elements (2) 19. -sheets are stabilized by hydrophobic bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds covalent bonds all of the above none of the above (1) 20. Introns are always flanked by exons occur only in genes do not contain any meaningful sequence can move out of a gene often contain translation stop codons help to identify genes in genomic sequences (3)
