GREEK LESSON 11
ROOT
MEANING
1. gam
marriage
2. morph
form; shape
3. thaum, thaumat
wonder
4. techn
art; skill
5. mim
imitate
6. crypt
conceal; secret; hidden
7. phan, phen
show; appear; shine
8. trop 1
turn; turn toward; respond to
9. troph
feed; nourish; growth
10. stroph
turn; twist
11. klin, clin
lean; lie; incline; slope
12. ag, agog 2
lead
13. bas, bat
step; go
14. bal, ball, bol, bl
throw
PREFIX
MEANING
holoalloacro-
whole
other
top; tip; end; point; extremity
FOOTNOTES:
1 The word trophy does not come from the root troph.
2 Watch it! Many words beginning with an ag are Latin, not Greek.
3 Polygamy includes both polygyny and polyandry.
“Add 1800 more words to your vocabulary, and you can graduate from the ordinary to the superior.”
John H. Steadman
WORD LIST:
1. polygamy
bigamy
monogamy
exogamy
endogamy
anthropomorphic
morphology
metamorphosis
pantomorphic
3. thaumaturgy
thaumatrope
thaumatology
4. pyrotechnics
technology
technique
5. mimicry
pantomime
mime
cryptic
cryptogenic
apocryphal
cryptography
phantom
theophany
misogamy
2. amorphous
morphogenesis
mimic
6. cryptogram
holocryptic
7. diaphanous
phenomenon
8. heliotrope
troposphere
9. atrophy
Epiphany
tropophyte
geotropic
phototropic
dystrophy
eutrophy
10. catastrophic
catastrophe
apostrophe
11. clinometer
incline
clinic
12. demagogue
pedagogue
synogague
ballet
hyperbole
ballerina
bolometer
13. acrobat
14. ballistics
metabolism
GREEK LESSON 12
ROOT
MEANING
PREFIX
MEANING
1. therm
heat
1. pseudo-
false; counterfeit
2. hydr
water
3. hygr
moisture
4. bar
weight; pressure
SUFFIX
MEANING
5. phot, phos
light
1. -phoria, -phery
6. pyr
fire
-phor, -pher
-phore, phorus
a bearing; a carrying;
production
that which bears, carries,
produces
-phoric, -phorous
bearing; producing
7. aer
lower air; air; gasses
8. ether
9. caust, caut
upper air; air; space
burn
10. schiz, schis
split; cleave
11. od 1
way; path; journey
FOOTNOTE:
1 Ode, parody, and rhapsody are from another od root, meaning "song or poem."
“The custom of forming compounds from Greek elements prevails in all civilized countries ... ,
and if a useful term of this kind is introduced in any one country, it is adopted with great
promptitude into the languages of all the rest.”
Henry Bradley
WORD LIST:
1. diathermy
geothermal
thermodynamics
thermotaxis
thermostat
isothermal
thermophile
2. hydrophobia
anhydrous
hydraulic
hydrography
hydrotaxis
hydrology
hydrocephalic
hydroponics
hydrolsis
hydrotherapy
3. hyrometer
hygrothermal
hydrophyte
hydrogen
hygrophyte
hygroscope
hygrophilous
4. isobar
baritone
barometer
5. photosynthesis
photogenic
photophobia
photometer
phosphorous
phototaxis
photophilous
photolysis
6. pyrotechnics
pyromania
pyromancy
pyrocantha
pyrophobia
pyrogenic
7. aerodynamics
aeronautics
aerolite
aerology
aerobatics
aerosol
aerophobia
8. ethereal
ether
9. caustic
cauterize
holocaust
10. schism
schizoid
schizopod
odometer
periodic
schizophrenia
11. exodus
GREEK LESSON 13
ROOT
MEANING
1. aesth, esth
feeling; perception; sensation
2. eth
habit; moral; character; custom
3. neur
nerve
4. pneum, pneumat, -pnea
breath; wind; lung; air
5. opt, ops, op
sight; view; eye
6. ophthalm
eye
7. them, the, thet, thec, thek
put; place
8. thanat, thanas
death
9. necro
dead; dead body
10. taph
tomb
11. mnem, mne, mnes
memory; mind
12. soph
wise; wisdom
PREFIX
MEANING
SUFFIX
MEANING
dys-
difficult; bad; impaired
-orama
-oramist
-oramic
view
one who views
pertaining to viewing
“A well-educated gentleman may not know many languages, may have read very few books. But
whatever language he knows, he knows precisely; whatever word he pronounces, he pronounces
rightly; above all, he is learned in the peerage of words; knows the words of true descent and ancient
blood at a glance from words of modern canaille; remembers all their ancestry, their intermarriage,
their distant relationships.”
Ruskin
WORD LIST:
1. anesthetic
anesthesiology
aesthetic
anesthesia
2. ethical
ethics
ethic
3. neuralgia
neuritis
neurectomy
neurology
neurotic
4. pneumatic
apnea
pneumonia
dyspnea
eupnea
pneumonectomy
necropsy
myopia
biopsy
optics
thanatopsis
optometry
optician
neuropathology
5. synopsis
6. ophthalmology
ophthalmia
ophthalmoscope
7. synthetic
thesis
synthesis
bibliotheca
hypothesis
antithesis
anathema
parenthesis
epithet
thanatophobia
thanatopsis
necropsy
necrophilia
necrology
necromancy
necrophagi
necropolis
necrolatry
8. euthanasia
athanasia
9. necrophobia
10. taphephobia
epitaph
bibliotaph
11. mnemonics
amnesia
amnesty
12. philosophy
pansophism
sophistry
theosophy
sophomore
1. dystrophy
dysentery
dyspepsia
dyslexia
dysphagia
dyslogistic
sophistication
PREFIX:
GREEK LESSON 14
ROOT
MEANING
1. tax, tact
1
2. tox, toxic
arrangement; order
2
poison
3. dox
belief; opinion; praise
4. paed, ped
child; instruction; educate
5. athl
prize
6. kine, kino, cinem, cinemat
movement; move
3
7. sept, seps
poison (bacterial-decaying matter); putrid
PREFIX
MEANING
PREFIX
MEANING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
first
second
three
four
five
six
seven
8. oct-4
9. ennea10. deka-, decadec-4
11. hecto-, hecthecatomhecaton12. kilo13. myriad-
eight
nine
ten
protodeutero4
tritetrapentahexahepta-
hundred
thousand
ten thousand
FOOTNOTES:
1
2
3
4
Watch it! There is a Latin tact root, meaning "touch."
Can you trace the original meaning of tox as in toxophilite?
Watch it! The Latin sept means "seven (7) or fence".
These numbers are common to both Greek and Latin.
“What is thinking? In what does it consist? Thinking, in substance, is the process of getting the
meaning of things. Threshing meanings out, refining them in the mind, is done by means of
words, spoken or written.”
Demiashkevich
WORD LIST:
1. tactics
taxidermy
syntax
homotaxis
2. toxemia
taxonomy
toxic
intoxicate
toxicology
3. paradox
doxology
4. pedagogue
antitoxin
toxiphobia
orthodox
heterodox
pseudodox
pedantic
pedology
encyclopedia
pediatrics
pedant
orthopedic
pedophilia
5. pentathlon
decathlon
6. cinematography
kinesiology
kinetic
7. antiseptic
septicemia
septic
1. prototype
protoplasm
protozoa
2. Deuteronomy
deuterogamy
3. trilogy
triangle
tripod
4 . tetrameter
tetrachloride
tetrology
5. pentagon
pentameter
pentathlon
6. hexagon
hexamerous
hexahedron
7. heptarchy
heptahedron
heptagon
8. octave
octogenarian
octopus
9. ennead
enneagon
enneatic
10. decathlon
decade
decapod
11. hectograph
hectometer
hectomb
12. kilometer
kilogram
kilohertz
PREFIX:
13. myriad
GREEK LESSON 15
SUFFIX
MEANING
EXAMPLE
1. -ase
Indicates an enzyme
amylase
2. -ate
Indicates possessing,
nervate, affectionate
shaped like,
lyrate
having the general characteristics of,
Latinate
a substance derived from,
stearate
salt or ester of an acid,
nitrate, sulfate
a verb,
pollinate, aerate
participial adjective,
ornate
nouns converted from adjectives,
associate
verbs formed from corresponding
nouns and adjectives,
aggregate, conjugate
rank or office.
rabbinate
Indicates unsaturation of an organic
compound, having a double bond
ethylene
Indicates: a member of a family,
hominid
3. -ene
4. -id
variant of -ide
5. -ide
Indicates names of chemical compounds
chloride
6. -ine
Indicates: belonging to,
Ursuline
halogens,
chlorine
Indicates: native or resident,
New Jerseyite
adherent of someone specified,
Luddite
a part of an organ or body,
somite
a mineral or rock,
graphite
7. -ite
a commercial product,
Lucite
a salt or ester of an acid
sulfite
8. -oma
Indicates a tumor
fibroma
9. -one
Indicates:
an oxygen-containing or
ketone compound,
acetone
a chemical oxygen compound
in a carbonyl group
10. -ose
11. -osis
Indicates:
possession of or
similarity to,
lactone
grandiose
a carbohydrate (sugar),
a produce of protein of
hydrolysis
fructose
a condition or process,
osmosis
a diseased or abnormal
condition,
neurosis
an increase or the
formation of
sclerosis
proteose
Indicates:
GREEK LESSON 16
ROOT
MEANING
ROOT
MEANING
1. acanth
thorn; spiny
45. dor, dos, dot
give
2. actin
ray
46. entero
intestine; inner
3. aden
gland
47. erythr
red
4. agon
struggle
48. eury
wide; broad
5. agora
assembly; marketplace
49. galact, galax
milk; milky
6. agr
field
50. gastr
stomach
7. andr
man; male
51. ger, geron
old; aging
8. anemo
wind
52. glauco
gray
9. angel
messenger
53. gluc, glyc, glyk sweet
10. angi
vessel; case
54. gnath
jaw
11. argyr
silver
55. gymn
naked; stripped
12. aristo
best
56. gyro
ring; whirl
13. arithm
number
57. hagio
sacred; holy
14. arthr
joint
58. halo
salt
15. atmo
vapor
59. haplo
single; simple
16. aulo
tube
60. hedr
seat; base
17. axi
worthy; authority
61. hege
lead; go ahead
18. -blast
shoot; sprout
62. helix
spiral
19. brachy
short
63. histo
tissue; web
20. bronch
windpipe
64. hori
bound
21. byss
bottom
65. hypno
sleep
22. calli, kalli
beautiful
66. lait
people; not priestly
23. calypt, calyps
cover
67. lepsy
attack
24. cardi
heart
68. leuco
white
25. carp
fruit; seed
69. lex
word; saying; phrase
26. ceno
new; recent; empty
70. -mat
move; act
27. chalco
copper; brass
71. math
learning
28. chao
space
72. melan
black
29. chemo
of, with or by chemistry
73. -mer
part
30. chlor
light green
74. mesomiddle
31. chondr
cartilage; brestbone
75. my
close
32. chor
dance
76. myco
fungus
33. chrys
gold; yellow-green
77. myelo
marrow
34. coll, col glue
78. myo
muscle
35. com
revel; festival; banquet
79. myrmeco
ant
36. coma
deep sleep
80. narco
sleep; stupor
37. cotyl
hollow
81. nephro
kidney
38. cran
skull
82. nost
return
39. cryo
cold; frost; freezing
83. nycto
night
40. cyano
dark blue
84. odon, odont
tooth
41. cyto, cyte
cell
85. oma
tumor
42. dichoin two; divided
86. onto
to be; existing things
43. diplodouble; twofold
87. oö
egg; ovum
44. dogma
opinion; judgment
88. ophis
snake
(Greek Lesson 16 Cont’d)
ROOT
MEANING
89. orgi90. oro
91. oto
92. oxy
93. pharmaco
94. phas, phras
95. pleg
96. pleur
97. polem
98. pompo
99. pragm
100. pract, pracxis
101. pter
102. rhin
103. rhiz
104. rhod
105. sabbat
106 sapro
107. sarco
108. saur
109. sclero
110. seismo-, seism
111. selen
112. sema, semat
113. sito, site
114. stell, -stle, stol
115. steno
116. stereo
117. stoma, stomat
118. styl
119. strat
120. tacho, tachy
121. -taxis
122. theor
123. thorac, thorax
124. thromb
125. trib
126. xanth
127. xeno
128. xero, xir
129. xyl, xylo
130. zygo
131. zymo
secret rite
monutain
ear
sharp; acid
drug; drugs
speak
stoke
rib; side; on the side
battle
solemn; procession
business
to do
winged; feather
nose
root
rose; red
rest
dead; rotten; decaying
flesh
lizard
hard; hardening
shake; earthquake
moon
sign; symbol
food; grain; diet
send
narrow; close
3-D; solid; firm
mouth; opening
pillar; column; pointed
generalship
rapid; fast; speed
response to stimulus
look at; contemplate; speculate
chest
clot
rub
yellow
strange; foreign
dry
wood
yoke; pair; paired
ferment; fermentation
REVIEW TEST GREEK UNITS 11-15
EXERCISE A: ANTONYMS
1. AMNESTY
A. phantom B. nonexistence C. ghostliness
D. prosecution E. minority
2. SYNTHESIS
A. analysis
B. morality
C. apathy
D. guilt
E. absence
3. PERIPHERAL
A. constant
B. pitiful
C. irregular
D. ready
E. central
4. KINETIC
A. still
B. unrelated
C. unneeded
D. unkind
E. careless
5. ETHEREAL
A. unethical B. orthodox
C. earthly
D. dangerous
E. dirty
C. sickly
D. thoughtless E.
6. HYPOTHETICAL A. sincere
argumentative
B. certain
7. CAUSTIC
A. uncaused B. cheap
C. gentle
D. steamy
E. cautious
8. ATROPHY
A. succeed
C. disclaim
D. absent
E. grow
9. PANORAMIC
A. unruffled B. epidemic
C. nasty
D. limited
E. fun-filled
10. ANTISEPTIC
A. filthy
C. distant
D. healthful
E. unemotional
B. criticize
B. opposed
EXERCISE B: SENTENCE COMPLETION
11. The fire department announced that the series of hotel fires had been set by a ___, someone who is
fascinated
with fire.
A. pyromaniac B. necromancer C. polygamist D. hygrometer E. photolithographer
12. A house plant in a sunny window will exhibit the principle of ___.
A. diathermy B. geotropism C. phototropism D. mnemonics E. ballistics
13. The ___ summer dresses on the clothesline, blown about by the breeze, were like a flock of butterflies
holding
a reunion.
A. cryptic B. diaphanous C. phosphorous D. pediatric E. diabolic
14. When conducted scientifically, a poll gives an accurate ___ of public opinion.
A. barometer B. pseudohistory C. cyclorama D. hectograph E. ophthalmoscope
15. The before and after photos in the ad for diet plan illustrated the ___ supposedly possible through
following
the plan.
A. hypothesis B. phase C. metamorphosis D. trilogy E. neuritis
16. Associating a name with some feature of a person's appearance is a recognized ___ technique.
A. ethical B. mnemonic C. clinical D. polytechnic E. aeronautical
17. The person who represented us in the ___ performed well in all but the fifth and last event.
A. bibliotheca B. acropolis C. decathlon D. trilogy E. pentathlon
18. Such a vague ___ can often lead to conclusions that are more ___ than clarifying.
A. mimeograph...parallel B. cryptogram...kinetic C. epithet...tactical
D. pseudonym…amnesiac E. hypothesis...cryptic
19. The ___ patches of greater darkness coming toward us through the fog raised a (an) ___ of possibilities.
Were they human or animal, acquaintance or stranger, expected contacts or unknown enemies?
A. amorphous…myriad B. myriad...epithet C. philosophic...phase
D. pyrotechnical…phenomenon E. ethereal...technology
20. ___ is ___ to a true intellectual.
A. Sophistry...anathema B. Orthopedics…photogenic C. Pedantry...technical
D. Photosynthesis...periodic E. Philosophy...diabolic
EXERCISE C: ANALOGIES
21. COSMOPOLITAN : WEALTHY :: A. acrobatic : clumsy B. fortunate : wealthy
C. funny : serious D. paradoxical : contradictory E. foot-sore : worn
22. THESIS : ANTITHESIS :: A. heat : thermostat B. argument : disagreement
C. remedy : antitoxin D. temper : temperament E. euphoria : despair
23. ECCENTRIC : ORTHODOX :: A. parenthetical : unnecessary B. colorful : polychromatic
C. crooked : straight D. off-beat : heterodox E. fated : destined
24. SCHISM : DIVIDING :: A. panorama : including B. hydrophobia : watery
C. expectancy : delaying D. geometry : adding E. allonym : original
25. SYNOPSIS : CONCISE :: A. sepsis : toxic B. encyclopedia : comprehensive C. summary :
condensation
D. chapter : book E. mime : pantomime