AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
Unit 1: The Basics – A Review of Chemistry
(Study Guide for Ch. 1,2 &19)
This is merely a guideline for your outlines. They do not have to be any particular style.
Notice that I include titles, pictures and figures in my notes. You may use your outlines
on all of your quizzes. This is the most detailed and is in your best interest to include
everything.
1.2 The Scientific Method
1. Scientific Method (def.)
1.
2. DRAW fig. 1.4, pg. 6
2.
3. Name and define the two types of
observations:
3.a.
b.
4. Theory (definition)
4.
5. Model (definition)
5.
6. interpretation (definition)
6.
7. Law (definition)
7.
8. Law of conservation of Mass (definition)
1.10 Classification of Matter
1. Matter (definition)
8.
1.
2. Three States of Matter
2.
3. Name and describe 2 types of mixtures
3.a.
b.
4. Solution (definition)
4.
5. Name and describe 2 types of pure
substances
6. Physical change (definition)
5.a.
b.
6.
7. Describe fig. 1.11, pg. 28
7.
8. Name 3 ways to separate components of
mixtures
9. Distillation (definition)
8.
9.
10. Filtration (definition)
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
10.
11. Chromatography (definition)
11.
12. Describe fig. 1.13, pg. 30
12.
13. Chemical change (definition)
13.
14. DRAW the chart in fig. 1.14, pg. 31
14.
2.1 The Early History of Chemistry
1. Aristotle –
1.
2. Demokritos –
2.
3. alchemy –
3.
4. Boyle –
4.
2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws
1. Lavoisier –
2. Law of Conservation of Mass (definition)
3. Proust –
1.
2.
3.
4. Law of Definite Proportions (definition)
5. Dalton –
4.
6. Law of Multiple Proportions (definition)
5.
6.
2.3 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. Summarize the 4 main parts of
Dalton’s atomic theory:
1.a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Gay-Lussac’s experiments
2.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
3. Avagadro’s Hypothesis (definition)
2.4 Early Experiments on the Atom
1. Thomson –
3.
1.
2. Cathode-ray tubes –
2.
3. DRAW fig. 2.9, pg. 51
3.
4. DRAW fig. 2.8, pg. 51
4.
5. electrons (definition)
5.
6. Charge-to-mass ratio of an electron
6.
7.
7. Milikan 8.Describe or DRAW fig. 2.10, pg. 52
8.
9.
9.Mass of an electron:
1. Becquerel –
1.
2. radioactivity (definition)
2.
3. Rutherford –
3.
4. Describe or DRAW fig. 2.13, pg. 53
4.
5.
5. Nucleus (definition)
2.5 Modern View of the Atom
1. proton (definition)
1.
2. neutron (definition)
2.
3. Summarize fig. 2.14, pg. 54
3.
4. Describe Table 2.1, pg. 54
4.
5. Isotope (definition)
5.
6. Summarize fig. 2.15, pg. 55
6.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
7. Atomic Number (definition)
7.
8. Mass Number (definition)
8.
2.6 Molecules and Ions
1. Chemical bonds (definition)
1.
2. covalent bonds (definition)
2.
3. molecules (definition)
3.
4. chemical formula (definition)
4.
5. structural formula (definition)
5.
6. space-filling model (definition)
6.
7. ball and stick models (definition)
7.
8. ion (definition)
8.
9. cation (definition)
9.
10. anion (definition)
10.
11. ionic bonding (definition)
11.
12. Describe fig. 2.69, pg. 56
12.
13. salt (definition)
13.
14. polyatomic ion (definition)
14.
2.7 An Intro. To the Periodic Table
1. metal properties (four)
1.
2. non-metals (definition)
2.
3. different names for columns
3.
4. Name and describe the location of four
families on the periodic table
5. Transition metal location
4.a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
6. different names for rows
6.
7. Name and describe the location of two
7.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
rows that are considered ‘families’
2.8 Naming Simple Compounds
1. Common name (definition)
1.
2. Binary compound (definition)
2.
3. Naming a binary ionic compound
3.
4. Roman numeral in an ionic compound
4.
5. Write and KNOW the roman numerals
for: a. iron
b. copper
c. cobalt
d. tin
e. lead
f. mercury
6. Write and KNOW these polyatomic ions:
a. mercury (I)
b. ammonium
c. nitrite
d. nitrate
e. sulfite
f. sulfate
g. hydrogen sulfate
h. hydroxide
i. cyanide
j. phosphate
k. hydrogen phosphate
l. dihydrogen phosphate
m. thiocyanate
n. carbonate
o. hydrogen carbonate
p. hypochlorite
q. chlorite
r. chlorate
s. perchlorate
t. acetate
u. permanganate
v. dichromate
w. chromate
x. peroxide
y. oxalate
7. Oxyanion (definition)
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
8. Naming binary covalent compounds
8.
9. Summarize table 2.22, pg. 68
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.
7.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
10. Acid (definition)
10.
11. Rule for –ic
11.
12. Write and KNOW table 2.7, pg. 70
a. HF
b. HCl
c. HBr
d. HI
e. HCN
f. H2S
13. Rule for –ous
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
13.
14. Write and KNOW table 2.8, pg. 70
a. HNO3
b. HNO2
c. H2SO4
d. H2SO3
e. H3PO4
f. HC2H3O2
15. Effect of –ate and –ite anions on naming
oxyanions
19 The Nucleus
1. Two particles in the nucleus
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
15.
2. quark (definition)
2.
3. nucleon (definition)
3.
1.
3
atomic number (definition)
4.
4
mass number (definition)
5.
5
isotope (definition)
6.
6
nuclide (definition)
7.
19.1 Nuclear Stability
1. Radioactive decay (definition)
1.
2. beta particle (definition)
2.
3. zone of stability (definition)
3.
4. describe fig. 19.1, pg. 892
4.
5. alpha particle (definition)
5.
6. fission (definition)
6.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
7. gamma ray (definition)
7.
8. positron particle (definition)
8.
9. electron capture (definion)
9.
10. decay series (definition)
10.
11. describe fig. 19.2, pg. 896
11.
19.2 Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
1. Rate of decay (definition)
1.
2. Integrated first order rate law
2.
3. Half life (definition)
3.
4. Equation for Half Life
4.
5. Describe fig. 19.3, pg. 898
5.
19.3Nuclear Transformations
1. Nuclear transformations (definition)
1.
2. Particle accelerator (definition)
2.
3. cyclotron (definition)
3.
4. describe fig. 19.5, pg. 900
4.
5. linear accelerator (definition)
5.
1. transuranium elements (definition)
6.
19.4 Detection & Uses of Radioactivity
1. Geiger counter (definition)
1.
2. Scintillation counter (definition)
2.
3. Carbon-14 dating (definition)
3.
4. Radiotracers (definition)
4.
19.5 Stability of the Nucleus
1. Einstein’s equation
1.
2. Mass defect (definition)
2.
AP Chemistry – Ms. Gengler
3. Binding energy (definition)
3.
4. Describe Figure 19.9, pg. 908
4.
19.6 Nuclear Fusion & Fission
1. Fusion (definition)
1.
2. Fission (definition)
2.
3. Summarize fig. 19.11, pg. 911
3.
4. chain reaction (definition)
4.
5. Describe fig. 19.12, pg.911
5.
6. Describe fig. 19.13, pg. 911
6.
7. critical mass (definition)
7.
8. reactor core (definition)
8.
9. Describe fig. 19.15, pg. 913
9.
10. moderator (definition)
10.
11. control rods (definition)
11.
19.7 Effects of radiation
1. Somatic damage (definition)
1.
2. Genetic Damage (definition)
2.
3. rads (definition)
3.
4. rem (definition)
4.
5. Summarize table 18.6, pg. 866
5.
6. Summarize table 18.7, pg. 866
6.