Kingdom Animalia
I. Phyla of Kingdom Animalia
A. Phylum Porifera
1. “Porifera” - Latin porus for pore and Ferre to bear
“animal with pores”
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Pores and Canal System
Not definite symmetry
Invertebrate
Multi-cellular, few tissues, no organs
Body - Cells/tissues surrounding water filled space – no true body cavity
Skeleton made of spicules (tiny spine-like or needle-like structures of silicate)
and spongin (collagen protein)
g. Sessile
h. Reproduction – Sexual (Hermaphroditic) or Asexual (Fragmentation)
i. No Nervous system
j. Distinct planktonic larval stage
k. Environment – aquatic , mostly marine
l. Filter feeders
3. Creatures – Sponges
B. Phylum Cnidaria
1. “Cnidaria” – Greek knide for nettle
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Symmetry – radial or bi-radial
Multi-cellular, few tissues, some organelles
Body – internal cavity and a mouth
Two Forms:
1) Medusa – tentacle, free-swimming, bell or dome-shaped
2) Polyp - cylindrical body with an oral opening usually surrounded by
tentacles.
Reproduction – Asexual or Sexual
Nervous System – simple net-like
Distinct Planktonic larval stage
Environment – Aquatic, mostly marine
Mostly Carnivorous, Filter feeders
Minimal Skeleton of Chiton (calcium carbonate)
3. Creatures
a. Jellyfish
b. Corals
c. Anemones
C. Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. “Platyhelminthes” – Greek “platy” for flat and “helminthes” for
worms
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Symmetry – bilateral
Body – three layers of tissues with organs/organelles
No internal body cavity
Has a mouth but no anus
Nervous system of longitudinal fibers
Dorsoventrally flattened
Reproduction – sexual (Hermaphroditic)
Found in all major habitats
3. Creatures
a. Planaria
b. Flukes
c. Tapeworms
D. Phylum Nematoda
1. “Nematoda” Greek “Nema” for thread and “Eidos” for form
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
Symmetry – bilateral, vermiform (long, thin, cylindrical)
Body – more than two cell layers with tissues and organs
Body Cavity containing high pressure fluids
Gut with an anus present
Covered in a complex cuticle
Nervous system with a pharyngeal nerve ring
No circulatory system
Reproduction – sexual
Feed on about everything
Live about everywhere
3. Creatures
a. Ascaris
b. Pinworms
c. Hookworms
d. Whipworms
E. Phylum Annelida
1. “Annelida” Latin “Annellus” meaning “little ring”
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Symmetry – bilateral and vermiform
Body – more than two layers with tissues and organs
Body cavity – long hollow tube within a tube divided by septa
Mouth, Gut and Anus Present
Three body sections – prosomium (head), trunk, and a pygidium (tail)
Nervous system with anteriaor nerve ring, ganglia, and ventral nerve
chord
g. True closed circulatory system
h. No true respiratory organs
i. Reproduction – Sexual and sometimes hermaphroditic
j. Feed on wide range of material
k. Live in most environments
3. Creatures
a. Earthworm
b. Leeches
F. Phylum Mollusca
1. “Mollusca” Latin “molluscus” meaning soft body
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Symmetry – bilateral
Body – more than two cell layers with tissues and organs
Body without a cavity
Mouth, gut and anus present
Dorsal or lateral shells of protein and calcium
Nervous system with circum-oesophagal ring, ganglia, and paired nerve
chords
g. Open Circulatory System with heart and aorta
h. Ctenidial Gills (gaseous exchange organs) present
i. Pair of kidneys
j. Reproduction – sexual
k. Feed on wide range of material
l. Live in most environments
3. Creatures
a. Squid
b. Oysters
c. Snails
G. Phylum Arthropoda
1. “Arthropoda” Greek “arthron” for joint and Pous for f oot
2. Characteristics
a. Symmetry – bilateral
b. Body has more than two cell layers with tissues and organs
c. Body cavity a true coelom (between body wall and intestines lined with
epithelium)
d. Mouth, gut and anus present
e. 3 to 400 jointed legs
f. External skeleton
g. 2 to 3 body sections
h. Nervous system includes a brain and ganglia
i. Respiratory system with a tracheae and spiracles (small openings on the
surface of an organism leading to respiratory system)
j. Open or Lacunnar (empty space) circulatory sytem
k. Reproduction – sexual but can be parthenogenetic
l. Feed on everything
m. Live everywhere
3. Creatures
a. Crabs
b. Insects
c. Millipedes and Centipedes
H. Phylum Echinodermata
1. “Echinodermata” Greek “Echinos” for “half” and “derma” for
“skin”
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
Symmetry – Radial sometimes bilateral
Body has more than two cell layers with tissues and organs
Body cavity a true coelom
Gut and anus present
Body shape variable but no head
Nervous system includes a cirum-oesophageal ring
Poorly define circulatory system
Posses a water vascular system having tube feet or feeding tentacles
No excretory organs
Normally possesses a sub-epidermal system of calcium plates
Reproduction – sexual
Feeds on fine particles , detritus (dead organisms) or other animals
Live in marine environments
3. Creatures
a. Starfish
b. Sea Urchins
c. Brittle Stars
d. Sand Dollars
I. Phylum Chordata
1. “Chordata” Latin “chorda” meaning “a chord”
2. Characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
Symmetry – bilateral
Body has more than two cell layers with tissues and organs
Body cavity a true coelom
Gut with a non-terminal anus
No head or jaws
Some stage of their life have a hollow dorsal nerve tube
Some stage of their life have a dorsal notochord (cartilaginous rod)
Some stage of their life have gill slits
Some stage of their life have a post anal tail
Partially Open Circulatory system
Without excretory organs
Reproduction – sexual
Feed on a variety of organic materials
Live in marine environments
3. Creatures
a. Fish
b. Amphibians
c. Reptiles
d. Mammals