Science Chapter 15 Booklet
Classification of Matter
Section One: Composition of Matter
Vocabulary:
1) Substance: element or compound that cannot be broken down into simpler
components and maintain the properties of the original substance
2) Element: substance with atoms that are alike
3) Compound: substance formed from two or more elements in which the
exact combination and proportion of elements is always the same
4) Heterogeneous mixture: mixture, such as mixed nuts or dry soup mix, in
which different materials are unevenly distributed and are easily identified
5) Homogeneous mixture: solid, liquid, or gas that contains two or more
substances blended evenly throughout
6) Solution: homogeneous mixture that remains constantly and uniformly
mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a
microscope
7) Colloid: heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle
8) Tyndall effect: scattering of a light beam as it passes through a colloid
9) Suspension: heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible
particles settle
Reading Check:
1) Elements and compounds are related because elements (two or more)
make up compounds.
2) A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
Section One Review:
1) Describe. How is a compound similar to a homogeneous mixture? How is
it different?
A: Compound
Both
A substance in which the each needs two of
atoms of two or more
something to be formed
elements are combined
in a fixed proportion
Homogeneous Mixture
contains two or more
gaseous, liquid or solid
substances blended
evenly throughout
2) Distinguish between a substance and a mixture. Give two examples of
each.
A: In a substance the composition is definite where as in a mixture the
composition varies. A substance can be an element or a compound and a
mixture can be heterogeneous or homogenous.
3) Describe the differences between colloids and suspensions.
A: Colloids do not have visible particles such as suspensions do.
4) Think Critically. Why do the words “Shake before using” indicate that the
fruit juice is a suspension?
A: This indicates that the juice is a suspension because the particles settle at the
bottom.
5) Compare and Contrast. In terms of suspensions and colloids, compare
and contrast a glass of milk and a glass a fresh squeezed orange juice.
A:
Milk
Colloid
Particles larger than in
solutions
Both
Tyndall Effect
Both mixtures
Not solutions
Orange Juice
Suspension
Visible particles
Properties of Matter
Vocabulary:
1) physical property: any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape,
that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity
of the material
2) Physical change: any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which
the identity of the substance still remains
3) Distillation: process that can separate two substances in a mixture by
evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor
4) Chemical property: any characteristic of a substance, such as
flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical
change
5) Chemical change: change of one substance into another; burning a
substance creates new substances
6) Law of Conservation of Mass: states that the mass of all substances
present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances
remaining after the change
Reading Questions:
The appearance of the rock is non-symmetrical while the tennis ball is spherelike. The tennis ball is yellow and the rock is tan colored.
Reading Check:
1. A change is state does not mean a change in substance because when a
substance freezes or evaporates it undergoes physical changes.
2. Chemical change is what happens when one substance changes to
another.
3 The law of conservation of mass means that the mass of the substance before a
physical or chemical change is equal to the mass of the substance after the change
even if the substance is different.
Section Two Review:
1) Explain why evaporation of water is a physical change and not a chemical
change?
A: Because physical change is the change in size, shape, or state of matter.
2) List four physical properties you could use to describe a liquid
A: color, size, boiling point, density
3) Describe why flammability is a chemical property rather than a physical property.
A: Burning produces new substances and that describes a chemical property.
4) Explain of the Law of Conservation of Mass applies to chemical changes.
A: When one burns a piece of wood only a tiny pile of ah remains. This is because a
chemical change occurred and some wood changed to oxygen.
5) Think Critically: How might you demonstrate this law of conservation of mass for
melting ice and distillation of water.
A: When you melt ice the state of matter changes so physical change occurs. When water
is distilled it is separated by condensation. In both cases, the beginning and ending mas
are the same but may be in different forms.
6) How many grams of BiF3 are formed?
2Bi + 3F2  BiF3
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