HU2700: Exam 3
Fall, 2004
Answer the following questions. Read all directions and questions carefully. Illegible
answers will receive no credit.
Part I. Fill-in-the-blank: For each of the following sentences, find the item in the attached list
that best completes the sentence. Note that not all items in the list will be used. Some items may
be used to answer more than one question. Give your answers by writing the letters
corresponding to the correct answers to the questions—1. a, 2. bb, etc. Write your answers in the
space provided on the last page of the exam questions (2 points each)
1. ________ is the view that pleasure and pleasure alone has intrinsic value.
2. ________ is the theory of moral obligation which says that we ought always to act in
accordance with rules that if generally accepted by everyone would produce the best
consequences over the long run.
3. According to the principle of ________, we are morally justified in violating a law of
human nature if our intention is to obey another law of human nature with which the first
law conflicts.
4. ________ is the view that each person ought always follow the standard of morality that
prevails in the society of which he/she is a member.
5. A(n) ________ is a rule of the form “Under circumstances C, I shall do x.”
6. Value that is derived from or dependent on the value of other things is ________ value.
7. ________ is the theory of moral obligation which says that we ought always to act so as to
maximize the total amount of intrinsic value in the universe over the long run.
8. The view that happiness alone has intrinsic value is ________.
9. The view that not just one thing but rather a variety of things (e.g., pleasure, knowledge,
beauty) are intrinsically valuable is ________.
10. ________ is the view that each person ought always act so as to generate the greatest
possible amount of intrinsic value for himself/herself over the long run.
11. According to Kant, the only thing that is “good without qualification” is a(n) ________.
12. ________ is the view that the suffering endured by the members of one species has less
moral significance than the same degree of suffering endured by the members of another
species.
13. ________ is the view that there is a single true theory of moral obligation.
14. The ________ says that we ought always treat rational beings as ends-in-themselves and
never merely as means.
15. A principle or set of principles that state the necessary and sufficient conditions for the
rightness/wrongness of any possible human action under any possible set of circumstances
is a(n) ________.
16. ________ is the view that each person ought always do whatever he/she believes is morally
right for him/her to do.
17. ________ is the characteristic of a being that can experience pleasure and pain.
18. ________ is the view that the moral standards that are accepted in some societies are
sometimes different from the moral standards that are accepted in other societies.
19. ________ value is value that something has inherently, independently of its relationship to
other things of value.
20. According to the ________ theory of moral obligation, our moral obligation is always to
obey God’s commands.
Part II. Multiple Choice: For each of the following questions, write down the letter (A, B, C, D,
E) corresponding to your answer. (5 points each)
21. Ethical absolutism is a
A. theory of instrinsic value
B. theory of instrumental value
C. consequentialist theory of moral obligation
D. non-consequentialist theory of moral obligation
E. none of the above
22. Kant’s Categorical Imperative is a
A. theory of intrinsic value
B. theory of instrumental value
C. consequentialist theory of moral obligation
D. non-consequentialist theory of moral obligation
E. none of the above
23. Hedonism is a
A. theory of intrinsic value
B. theory of instrumental value
C. consequentialist theory of moral obligation
D. non-consequentialist theory of moral obligation
E. none of the above
24. Cultural relativism is a
A. theory of intrinsic value
B. theory of instrumental value
C. consequentialist theory of moral obligation
D. non-consequentialist theory of moral obligation
E. none of the above
25. According to ethical relativism,
A. we should always do what we feel like doing
B. we should always act in our society’s long-term interest
C. the most popular beliefs among the members of a society are always true
D. we should never violate the moral standard that is accepted in our society
E. none of the above
26. According to Kant’s Categorical Imperative,
A. we should always act in the long-term interest of our society
B. we should always obey maxims that, if generally adopted in our society, would produce
the best consequences over the long run
C. we should always obey maxims that we can will to be universal laws
D. we should always do what would have the best long-term consequences for the person
we are dealing with
E. none of the above
27. According to hedonism,
A. all pleasure is intrinsically valuable
B. each person should always act to bring about the greatest possible amount of pleasure
for himself/herself over the long run
C. each person should always act to bring about the greatest possible amount of pleasure
for everyone over the long run
D. the end justifies the means
E. none of the above
28. According to Aquinas’s natural law moral theory,
A. killing is always wrong
B. knowingly killing another person is always wrong
C. killing in self-defense can sometimes be morally right
D. killing is justified whenever it serves the greater interests of society
E. none of the above
29. According to Kant’s Categorical Imperative,
A. it is morally permissible to make a false promise to someone if doing so would serve the
long-term interests of the promise-maker
B. it is morally permissible to make a false promise to someone if doing so would serve
his/her long-term interests
C. it is morally permissible to make a false promise to someone if he/she has made a false
promise to the promise-maker in the past
D. it is morally wrong to make a false promise to someone unless doing so would satisfy
some maxim that the promise-maker can will to be a universal law
E. none of the above
30. According to Peter Singer,
A. there are no significant differences between humans and other species of animals
B. the suffering of (non-human) animals ought to be taken into consideration no more and
no less than that of humans
C. (non-human) animals ought to be given the same rights and privileges as humans
D. (non-human) animals can experience pain and pleasure to exactly the same degrees as
humans
E. none of the above
31. According to Peter Singer,
A. whenever we can prevent something bad from happening, we ought to do so
B. whenever we can prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing anything
of comparable moral importance, we ought to do so
C. we ought to prevent something bad from happening only if we caused the harm in the
first place
D. we ought not cause bad things to happen, but we have no obligation to prevent them
from occurring
E. none of the above
32. Which of the following pairs of views are logically consistent with each other?
A. ethical absolutism and ethical relativism
B. Eudaemonism and act utilitarianism
C. hedonism and rule utilitarianism
D. pluralism and ethical relativism
E. ethical subjectivism and natural law moral theory
Name _______________________
List of Terms for Part I:
A. act utilitarianism
B. Bentham, Jeremy
C. Categorical
Imperative
D. consequentialist
E. cultural relativism
F. divine command
G. double effect
H. end-in-itself
I. ethical absolutism
J. ethical egoism
K. ethical relativism
L. ethical
subjectivism
M. Eudaemonism
N. good will
O. hedonism
P. instrumental
Q. intrinsic
R. Kant, Immanuel
Answers to Part I Questions:
1. ____
6. ____
11. ____
16. ____
2. ____
7. ____
12. ____
17. ____
3. ____
8. ____
13. ____
18. ____
4. ____
9. ____
14. ____
19. ____
5. ____
10. ____
15. ____
20. ____
Answers to Part II Questions:
21. ____
24. ____
27. ____
30. ____
22. ____
25. ____
28. ____
31. ____
23. ____
26. ____
29. ____
32. ____
S. maxim
T. Mill, John Stuart
U. natural law
V. nonconsequentialist
W. pluralism
X. rule utilitarianism
Y. sentience
Z. Singer, Peter
AA. speciesism
BB. theory of moral obligation
CC. universal law