How to acknowledge what you've read
Harvard Style examples
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Books
Chapters
Journal articles
Conference Papers
Web pages
Citing
Reference list
Go to the tutorial
How do I put a book citation together?
In the Harvard style book details should be put together in the following order, with identical
punctuation. Note: some style guides do not require the brackets around the date.
Author's surname, author's first name or initial. (year of publication),
Title of the Book, edition [if not first], publisher's name, place of
publication
Example:
Groenewegen, D. (1997), The Real Thing?: The Rock Music Industry and the Creation of Australian
Images, Moonlight Publishing, Golden Square, Victoria
Note: edition is not needed here, as this is a first edition. The title of
the book is put in italics or is underlined.
How do I put a chapter citation together?
If you have quoted an author who has written a chapter of a book, the details should be put together in
the following order, with identical punctuation. Note: some style guides do not require the brackets
around the date.
Author's surname, author's first name or initial. (year of publication),
Title of chapter, in: Editor's surname, editor's first name or initial. (ed)
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Title of the Book, edition [if not first], publisher's name, place of
publication
Example:
Blaxter, P. (1976), Social health and class inequalities, in: Carter, C. & Peel, J. (eds) Equalities and
Inequalities in Health, 2nd ed, Academic Press, London
Note: (ed) becomes (eds) when there are two editors.
How do I put a journal citation together?
If you've quoted an article from a journal or magazine, the details should be put together this way.
Note: some style guides do not require the brackets around the date.
Author's surname, author's first name or initial. (year of publication),
"Title of article", Title of the Journal, vol. Volume number, no. issue
number, date/month of publication, pp.page numbers of article
Example:
Withrow, R. & Roberts, L.(1987), "The videodisc: Putting education on a silver platter", Electronic
Learning, vol. 1, no. 5, pp.43-44
Note: There is no date/month of publication because this detail was not
available.
How do I put a conference paper citation together?
If you have quoted an author who has written a conference paper the details should be put together in
the following order, with identical punctuation. Note: some style guides do not require the brackets
around the date.
Author's surname, Author's first name or initial. (Year of Publication),
'Title of paper', In: Editor's surname Editor's first name or initial, (ed)
Title of the Conference, Date of Conference, Publisher's name, Place of
publication, pp. Page numbers.
Example:
Anderson, J.C. (1987) 'Current status of chorion villus biopsy', In: Tudenhope, D., Chenoweth, J., (eds)
Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Australian Perinatal Society, Sept. 3-6 1986, Australian
Perinatal Society, Brisbane, Queensland, pp. 190-6.
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How do I put a webpage citation together?
Web pages can be tricky, because it is hard to find all the information you need. If you can find the
name of an editor or author use this format. Note: some style guides do not require the brackets around
the date.
Author/editor's surname, author/editor's first name or initial. (eds) [if
appropriate] (last update or copyright date), "Title of page", (Title of
site), Available: URL (Accessed: Access date).
Example:
Hudson, P. (1998, September 16 - last update), "PM, Costello liars: former bank chief", (The Age),
Available: http://www.theage.com.au/daily/980916/news/news2.html (Accessed: 1998, September
16).
Note: No use of (eds) because P. Hudson is credited as the author.
If you can't find the name of an editor or author use this format. Remember,
consistency is what really counts:
"Title of page", (last update or copyright date), (Title of site), Available:
URL (Accessed: Access date)
Example:
"McGwire owns the mark alone", (1998, September 9), (ESPN.com), Available:
http://ESPN.SportsZone.com/mlb/news/1998/980908/00833812.html (Accessed: 1998, September
16).
If you are looking for how to cite other online resources, try:
http://www.windsor.igs.net/~nhodgins/harvard_system.html.
Citing using the Harvard style
The Harvard style is a type of author-date style. Generally, when using the Harvard style a citation in
your paper requires only the name of the author (or authors) and the year of publication (with no
punctuation between the two items). Citations should be, whenever possible, placed at the end of a
sentence (before the concluding punctuation) For example
...as one writer put it "the darkest days were still ahead" (Weston 1988,
p.45).
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Alternatively, the author's surname may be integrated into the text, followed
immediately by the year of publication in parentheses.
Scholtz (1990, p.564) has argued that...
If there is more than one reference by an author in the same year they are
generally labelled in order of publication with a lower case letter.
other researchers faced this problem (Stairs 1992a, p.98 , James 1994, p.107)
while Stairs (1992b, p.3) recognised...
If the author's name is unknown you should give the title of the article,
book or webpage.
the worst election loss in the party's history (The Age 4 May, 1968, p.2)...
The references made in the text are listed in alphabetical order by author(s)
at the end of the paper. If the author is unknown use the title.
A Harvard style reference list
A sample Harvard style reference list. The sources that you refer to in your text should be cited by
name of the author (or authors) and the year of publication . The reference list is arranged
alphabetically by author then by date. For anonymous reports and standards, alphabetize by the
issuing institution. Note: some style guides do not require the brackets around the date.
Meyer, M.D. (1992), Public transportation in the 21st century, in: Gray, G.E. and Hoel, L.A. (eds),
Public transportation, 2nd ed, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp. 636-653
Rau, J.G. and Wooten, D.C. (1980), Environmental impact analysis handbook, McGraw-Hill, New
York
Richardson, A. J. (1990), "Traffic planning and modelling: a twenty year perspective", Australian
Road Research, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 9-21
Young, W. (1990a), "The interaction between data and a parking model hierachy", Proc. 15th Aust.
Road Research Board Conference, pp. 83-100.
Young, W., and Taylor, M. A. P. (1990b), "Continuing education in transport", Proc. 2nd. AAEE
Conference on Engineering Education, Melbourne, Aust., pp. 569-579.
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Note that because there are two articles by Young from the same year that
a letter is added to the date. They are ordered based on the name of the second
author, and by date published if this is not applicable.
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