SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF PET RABBITS
General information
Rabbits have several unique problems; understanding these problems will allow you to better care for your pet
and minimise future health care problems.
Diarrhoea/Mucoid enteropathy
Diarrhoea is often seen in rabbits. While it can be due to coccidia (a one-cell protozoan) or incorrect usage of
oral antibiotics, often the cause can't be determined. Rabbits eating a diet that is too high in carbohydrates
(pellets or alfalfa hay) are more prone to develop intestinal problems than rabbits eating a high fibre (grass
hay) diet.
Mucoid enteropathy is by definition a diarrhoeal disease of young rabbits than can be fatal. The diarrhoea
has a mucoid or gelatinous consistency.
Treatment for diarrhoeal conditions of rabbits is controversial and varies among vet. As a rule, fibre in the
diet is increased (often nothing but hay is offered for several weeks). Fluid and vitamin therapy are used as
needed.
Cystic calculus (Bladder stones)
Rabbits, like many pets, can develop bladder stones. Signs include urinating frequently, straining to urinate,
and blood in the urine. Often the stones can be palpated (felt) your veterinary surgeon during the
examination. Radiographs (X-rays) can confirm the diagnosis. Surgical removal of the stones cures the
problem. Rabbits that have been eating a diet high in pellets (this may contribute to stone formation) can be
weaned onto a diet lower in pellets and higher in hay which may prevent stone recurrence.
Nails
Rabbits have sharp nails, and owners are easily scratched when handling their pets. The back feet, which are
the most powerful, are usually the culprits. Scratches to owners most commonly occur when placing the
rabbit back into its cage or down onto the floor. Supporting the rear end of the rabbit during the entire lifting,
carrying, and replacing regimen will usually eliminate the problem. Periodic nail trimming (have your vet
show you the proper technique) is important.
Antibiotic toxicity
Several references in the literature discuss antibiotic toxicities in rabbits. Some of the reports warn against
using ANY oral antibiotics in rabbits, whereas others mention specific problems with oral drugs such as
penicillin or lincomycin. Antibiotic toxicity is one reason to make sure that your veterinary surgeon is trained
to properly treat pet rabbits. Feel free to discuss any concerns you have with him about antibiotics for your
pet. And if your rabbit develops diarrhoea while being treated with any medication, STOP the medication and
call your veterinary surgeon at once!
Coprophagy
Rabbits engage in coprophagy, which means they eat their own faeces. This occurs at night, and these faecal
pellets are different from the ones normally excreted and seen by the owners. These pellets serve as a vital
source of nutrients, specifically vitamins, for the rabbit and allow them to make best use of the fibrous diet
they consume. Most owners never observe this behaviour; if you do, remember that it is normal and
necessary for the health of your rabbit.
Ark Veterinary Centre