普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__1__週上課
課程主題: Keys To The Study of Chemistry
講授目的: Chemistry is an experimental science. Challenge students to sharpen
their skills of observation and measurement, constantly relating
laboratory work to concepts discussed in lecture.
授課綱要:
(一) The Study Chemistry
Why study chemistry ?
(二) Measurement in Scientific Study
How science is down ?
(三) Significant Figures in Chemical Calculation
(四) Element Kingdom
Representative elements , Transition elements , Inner transition
elements , Radioactive elements and Artificial elements
(五) Classifying Matter and Some Key Terms
(六) Nomenclature for elements and its symbol
(七) Basic Chemical Technology – Separation of Mixture
1. Some basic chemical technology
2. How to determine the physical properties of a specific substance ?
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__2__週上課
課程主題: Inorganic Compound
講授目的:1.To learn some tools of chemistry concerning nanoscale technology
2.To familiar with the name of inorganic compound and its constituent
授課綱要:
(一) The Discovery of Atomic Structure
(二) Rutherford’s Model of the Atom
(三)The scanning tunneling microscope ( STM )
(四) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
(五) Mass Spectrometry
(六) Mole , ion
(七) Inorganic Compound – Naming and formulas
(八) Molecular Compound– Naming and formulas
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__3__週上課
課程主題: The Major Classes of Chemical Reaction
講授目的: This chapter discusses three different types of chemical reactions in
aqueous solution: precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, and
oxidation-reduction reactions. These reactions are often written as
net ionic equations. As a consequence, it is necessary to know the
difference between strong and weak electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.
You can predict the outcome of each of these reactions if you know
the solubility rules, can recognize acids and bases, and know how to
assign oxidation numbers to compounds. You are also shown how
to balance oxidation-reduction reactions with either the oxidation
number method or the method of half reactions. Finally, you will
apply the concepts you learned in earlier chapters about
stoichiometry to the reactions which are discussed in this chapter.
授課綱要:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
General Properties of Aqueous Solution
Precipitation Reactions
Acid-Base Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Concentration of Solution
Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Analysis
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__4__週上課
課程主題: Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
講授目的: The concepts found in this chapter will be applied to various chemical
systems A state of chemical equilibrium is achieved when, with time,
the concentrations of both the reactants and products in a reversible
reaction level off at constant, equilibrium values. This study of
chemical equilibria will explore several aspects of equilibrium
mixtures. Students will study the relationship between the
concentration of the reactants and products as well as how to
determine the equilibrium concentrations knowing the initial
concentrations. You will also study which factors can be employed to
change the composition of an equilibrium mixture. Finally, you will
examine the link between chemical equilibrium and kinetics.
授課綱要:
1.Chemical Equations
2. Some Simple Patterns of Chemical Reactivity
3. The Mole
4. Empirical Formulas from Analysis
5. Quantitative Information from Balanced Equations
7. Limiting Reactants
8. Evaluating the Success of a Synthesis : Percent Yield
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__5__週上課
課程主題: Quantum Theory and Electromagnetic Radiation
講授目的: This chapter explains why the elements, when placed in order of
properties. This periodicity can be understood by examining the
theory used to describe the electronic structure of atoms. This
chapter begins the examination of this theory by introducing
electromagnetic radiation and the properties of waves. You will then
discover how both light and matter can have dual (both wave and
particle) properties. With this information, you are introduced to
quantum mechanics and quantum numbers, a mathematical theory
used to describe the probability of finding an electron in an atom.
You are then shown how to use quantum mechanics to determine the
electronic configuration of the elements. Finally, you will apply this
knowledge to learn how atoms in the same group in the periodic table
have similar electronic configurations and how these electronic
configurations affects periodic properties such as atomic radii,
ionization energy and electron affinity .
授課綱要:
1.Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter
2.Planck’s Quantum Theory
3.The Bohr Model
4.The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
5.Quantum Number, Energy , and Orbitals
6. Atomic Electron Configurations
7. Ion Electron Configuration
9. Periodic Trends : Atomic Radii
10. Periodic Trends :Ionization Energy
11. Periodic Trends :Electron Affinity
12.
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__6__週上課
課程主題: Models of Chemical Bonding
講授目的: This chapter concentrates on the reasons ionic bonds are formed and
the energies involved in the formation of these bonds. You will
learn that the underlying reason for the formation of ions and ionic
compounds is the valence-shell configuration of the elements, which
determines the amount of energy needed for losing or gaining
electrons. Knowing the periodic trends in the energies for ion
formation, you will learn how to predict which elements form cations
or anions and if the formation of ionic compounds is energetically
favorable. You will also learn about the Born-Haber cycle, a series
of hypothetical steps used to calculate the overall energy involved in
the formation of ionic compounds. Finally, you will learn about the
chemistry of the group 1A - 3A, 7A, and 8A elements and how the
chemistry of these elements is governed by the octet rule.
授課綱要:
1.Chemical Bonds, Lewis Symbols, and the Octet Rule
2. Ionic Bonding
3.Covalent Bonding
4. Bond Polarity and Electronegativity
5. Drawing Lewis Structures
6.Formmal Charge
7. Resonance Structures
8. Exceptions to the Octet Rule
9 Strengths of Covalent Bonds
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__7__週上課
課程主題: Molecular orbital in covalent bonding and Molecular Polarity
講授目的: To understand this bonding concept, students need to first learn
about the a useful tool for visualizing the interactions of electrons in
a molecule. Students will also learn how to determine the type of
bonding that occurs in a molecule based on bond polarities, to
predict the relative importance of resonance structures based on
formal charge calculations, and to determine molecular shapes using
VSEPR theory. Once you have mastered molecular shape
determinations, you will be able to apply this knowledge to valence
bond theory and to ascertain the type of hybridization predicted by
valence bond theory. Finally, you will be introduced to molecular
orbital theory, a more sophisticated and, at times, more accurate
bonding description.
授課綱要:
1. Using Molecular Models
2. Valence Bond Theory
3. VSEPR Bond Theory
4. Hybridization of Atomic Theory
5. Multiple Covalent Theory
6. Molecular Orbital
7. Molecular polarity
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__8__週上課
課程主題: Organic Chemistry
講授目的: In this chapter you will begin to explore the ability of carbon atoms to
bond together, forming a vast array of compounds, such as long
chains and rings. You will learn to draw the structures of and apply
the IUPAC rules of nomenclature for the simple hydrocarbons. You
will classify molecules based upon the functional groups present and
learn the general properties of the different classes of molecules.
Finally, you will learn how to predict the products and write
balanced chemical equations for reactions involving the different
classes of molecules. The last part ends with selected topics in an
examination of the main classes of biomolecules: proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Your detailed study of
these molecules includes the molecular handedness of amino acids
and carbohydrates, the levels of protein structure, and the cyclic
structures of monosaccharides. You will also examine the lock and
key model of enzyme action and the Watson-Crick model for base
pairing in DNA.
授課綱要:
1.Some General Characteristics of Organic Molecule
2.Classification of Hyrocarbons
3. Alkanes
a. Structures of Alkanes
b. Structural Isomers
c. Nomenclature of Alkanes
d. Cycloalkanes
4. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
a. Addition Reactions
b.Mechanism of Addition Reactions
5. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
6. Functional Groups: Alcohols and Ethers
7. Compounds with a Carbonyl Group
8. Chirality in Organic Chemistry
9. Introduction of Biochemistry
Proteins , Carbohydrates , lipids ,Nucleic Acids
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__9__週上課
課程主題: 期中考
講授目的:(希望學生學會神麼)
授課綱要:(請條列該堂課之授課大綱內容)
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__10__週上課
課程主題: Chemical Technology - Spectrometry
講授目的:How to use the modern equipment for determining a specific
substance ? This chapter also can be allied with the topic of quantum
theory.
授課綱要:
1.X-Ray Spectra
2 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
3 Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES, OES)
4.IR Spectrometry
5.Ultraviolet (UV) and Visible
6. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__11__週上課
課程主題: Thermochemistry
講授目的: Students will learn how to calculate the internal energy of the system
using PV work and how the internal energy of the system is related
to the enthalpy (H) of the system. He and she will spend much of the
rest of the chapter exploring how to use specific heat calculations in
the laboratory and how to use Hess's law, standard heats of
formation and bond dissociation energies to calculate heats of
reaction.
授課綱要:
1. Forms of Energy and Their Interconversions
Thermochemical Definitions:E = q + w
The Sign Conventions of q,w, and E
Determining Energy Change in a System
First Law of Thermodynamics
2. Enthalpy: Heats of Reaction and Chemical Change
Change in Enthalpy = H
Drawing Enthalpy Diagrams and Determining the Sign of H
Special H’s of Reactions
Contributions to Kinetic and Potential Energy
3. Calorimetry: Laboratory Measurement of Heats of Reaction (q)
Specific Heat Capacity and Molar Heat Capacity
A Coffee-Cup Calorimeter
A Bomb Calorimeter
Calculating the Amount of Heat from the Specific Heat Capacity
4. Stoichiometry of Thermochemical Equations
5. Hess’s Law of Heat Summation
6. Standard Heats of Reaction (H0rxn)
Standard Enthalpies of Formation
The Future of Energy Utilization
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__12__週上課
課程主題: Chemical Thermodynamics
講授目的:To evaluate the directionality of chemical reactions and its optimal
condition .
授課綱要:
1.Spontaneous Processes
2.Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
3.The Molecular Interpretation of Entropy
- Third law of thermodynamics
4.Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
5.Gibbs Free Energy
6. Free Energy and Temperature
7.Free Energy and the Equilibrium Constant
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__13__週上課
課程主題: Chemical Kinetics
講授目的:To change common student misconceptions such as
1. Students often assume that reaction orders may be determined
from stoichiometric coefficients.
2. Students often confuse intermediates and transition states.
3, Students often confuse adsorption and absorption.
授課綱要:
1.Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
2.Reaction Rates
3.Concentration and Rate
4.The Change of Concentration with Time
5.Temperature and Rate
6.Reaction Mechanisms
7.Catalysis
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__14__週上課
課程主題: Coordination Chemistry
講授目的: This chapter examines the properties and chemical behavior of
transition-metal compounds with particular emphasis on
coordination compounds. Students begin with a review of the
electronic configurations of the transition elements and how these
configurations affect the properties and oxidation states. Finally,
he(or she) will get the different bonding theories that are used to
explain the color and magnetism of these complexes.
授課綱要:
1.Coordination compounds and Werner's coordination theory
2.The Nature of Coordination Compounds
a. The Structure of Coordination Compounds
b. What are the coordination number and the oxidation state
of the central atom in the complexes ?
c. Coordination Number and Geometry
d. Chelate
3.Naming Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds
4.Isomers in Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds
5. Crystal field theory
a. d-level splitting
b. Spectrochemical series
c. How to predict the magnetic properties of a complex
d. Color of transition metal complex
6. Some of the biological Mechanism in living system
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__15__週上課
課程主題: Colloid Chemistry(I)
講授目的: Choosing the right architecture, these colloidal systems are able
to solve problems that can not be solved by standard molecular
systems.
授課綱要:
1.Colloidal State
2.Types of Colloids
3.General Characteristics
a. Large surface area / mass unit
b. Surface energy
c. Adsorption
d. Surface charge
e. Electric double layer
4.Stability for colloid
5.Utilization
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__16__週上課
課程主題: Colloid Chemistry(II)
講授目的: Choosing the right architecture, these colloidal systems are able
to solve problems that can not be solved by standard molecular
systems.
授課綱要:
7. Strategy of Preparation
a. Electric Disintegration
b. Mechanical Disintegration
c. Peptization
8. Coagulation
a. Coagulant
b. Thermal agitation
c. Electric coagulation
7. Protective Colloids
a. Viscous agent
b. Emulsifier (Emulsifying agent )
c. Surfactants
d. Function
普通化學授課綱要
授課節次:第__17__週上課
課程主題: Nuclear Chemistry
講授目的:The kinetics of radioactive decay can be allied with the treatment of
first-order kinetics ,and nuclear fission and fusion can be considered
in a comprehensive unit on energy sources and uses. To realize the
effects of ionizing radiation on matter and the risk of some biological
hazards
授課綱要:
1.Radioactivity & Types of Radioactive Decay
2.Patterns of Nuclear Stability
3.Rates of Radioactive Decay
4.Detection of Radioactivity
5.Energy Changes in Nuclear Reactions
6.Nuclear Fission
7.Nuclear Fusion
8.Biological Effects of Radiation