KOREA UNIVERSITY
SUMMER 2003
IIE 422
TERRORISM AND INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS
TIME:
PLACE:
INSTRUCTOR:
Prof. J.J. Suh (Department of Government, Cornell University)
Office:
Email: js286@cornell.edu
Office Hours:
Why did the attacks of 9-11 happen? Why did the Bush administration respond to them in the
way it did? What are the implications that the attacks and responses have for the world in which
we live? These are some of the questions we address in the course as we survey contemporary
international conflicts, focusing particularly on the issues that significantly affect U.S. security or
are affected by U.S. actions. In the first third of the semester, we will address the ways in which
U.S. and global security is affected by technological changes and military strategies. We will
examine some of the more salient, and more pressing, international security issues such as
weapons of mass destruction, revolution in military affairs, and missile defense. In the second
part, we will examine how terrorism and ethnic conflicts are caused or affected by history,
institutions and international system. We will also critically evaluate whether the use of force or
outside intervention is helpful in mitigating these conflicts. In the final section, we will analyze
new types of conflicts such as war on drugs and conflicts over environment while not neglecting
traditional sources of regional conflicts. All in all, one of the central questions that we will ask
throughout the semester is how the United States should respond to these security challenges.
COURSE TEXTS
REQUIRED:
Honey, M., & Barry, T. (2000). Global Focus: U.S. Foreign Policy at the Turn of the Millennium
(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
Longevall, F. ed. (2002). Terrorism and 9/11: A Reader Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin
Company. (hereafter 9/11 Reader)
Steinbruner, J. D. (2000). Principles of Global Security. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution
Press.
Course Reader
FPIF Briefing Book on The Bush Administration’s Strategic Defense Review May 2001.
http://www.fpif.org/media/0105briefingbook/index.html
RECOMMENDED:
*United Nations. General Assembly & United Nations Association of the United States of
America. (2000). A Global Agenda: Issues before the General Assembly of the United
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Nations: an annual publication of the United Nations Association of the United States of
America (pp. v.). Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.
The required books may be purchased at ?. All the required readings are either on
reserve at the Library or available online (?).
REQUIREMENTS
Students enrolled in the course for credit will be expected to: (1) complete the required readings
according to the schedule outlined below; (2) attend lectures and video showings; and (3) take
two in-class exams.
GRADING POLICY: Your grade for the course will be determined in the following way:
40% for the first exam; 50% for the second exam; and 10% for participation in discussion
sections (arriving on time, coming prepared, and engaging in discussions).
UNIVERSITY POLICIES AND REGULATIONS: This instructor respects and upholds
University policies and regulations pertaining to the observation of religious holidays; assistance
to the physically handicapped, visually and/or hearing impaired students; plagiarism; sexual
harassment; and racial or ethnic discrimination. Students are advised to become familiar with the
respective University regulations and are encouraged to bring any questions or concerns to my
attention.
USEFUL LINKS
Government Sites
The White House
U.S. Department of Defense
U.S. Department of State
The United Nations
Non-Governmental Organizations
Foreign Policy in Focus
Center for Defense Information
Natural Resources Defense Council
Federation of American Scientists
Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies
The Center for Security Policy
Media
The New York Times
The Associated Press
The Nation
CNN
Foreign Affairs
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SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND READINGS
(* indicates recommended readings)
TERRORISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM
Causes of Terrorism
Terrorism and the United States
Terrorism and Regional Factors
Counter-Terrorism War?
TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONS AND WAR
Nuclear Weapons
Revolution In Military Affairs
Weapons Proliferation
Missile Defense
NEW WARS AND OLD CONFLICTS
War On Drugs
Environment And Conflict
Regional Conflicts I: Asia
Regional Conflicts II: Europe
WAR OR PEACE?
Arms Control or Disarmament?
Peace-Keeping or Peace-Making?
1: INTRODUCTION
Global Focus, pp. 1-19. [Borosage, R. “Money Talks: The Implications of U.S. Budget
Priorities”]
Principles of Global Security, pp. 1-22.
TERRORISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM
2: CAUSES OF TERRORISM
Benjamin Barber, “Jihad vs. McWorld,” in 9/11 Reader
Martin Walker, “A Brief History of Terrorism,” in 9/11 Reader
Bernard Lewis, “The Roots of Muslim Rage,” in 9/11 Reader
Jan Goodwin, “Buried Alive,” in 9/11 Reader
Osama bin Laden, “An Interview,” in 9/11 Reader
To the Ends of the Earth [video]
*Crawford, Beverly, “Explaining Cultural Conflict in the Ex-Yugoslavia: Institutional
Weakness, Economic Crisis, and Identity Politics,” in The Myth of “Ethnic Conflict”:
Politics, Economics, and “Cultural” Violence, ed., Beverly Crawford and Ronnie D.
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Lipschutz (Berkeley: International and Area Studies, University of California at
Berkeley, 1998), pp. 197-260.
*Valerie Bunce, “Peaceful versus Violent State Dismemberment: A Comparison of the Soviet
Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia,” Politics and Society, 27, 2 (June 1999), pp.
217-237.
*Crawford, Beverly, “The Causes of Cultural Conflict: An Institutional Approach,” in The Myth
of “Ethnic Conflict”: Politics, Economics, and “Cultural” Violence, ed., Beverly
Crawford and Ronnie D. Lipschutz (Berkeley: International and Area Studies, University
of California at Berkeley, 1998), pp. 3-43.
3: TERRORISM AND THE UNITED STATES
Chalmers Johnson, Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire (NY:
Metropolitan Books, 2000), pp. 3-33.
Ahmed Rashid, “Osama Bin Laden: How the U.S. Helped Midwife a Terrorist,” in 9/11 Reader
Milton Bearden, “Afghanistan: Graveyard of Empires,” in 9/11 Reader
Reuel Marc Gerecht, “The Counterterrorist Myth,” in 9/11 Reader
Why the Hate? America, from a Muslim Point of View [video]
*Ronald J. Herring, “Making Ethnic Conflict: The Civil War in Sri Lanka,” in Milton J. Esman
and Ronald J. Herring, eds., Carrots, Sticks, and Ethnic Conflict Rethinking Development
Assistance (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001), pp. 140-174.
* Barry. R Posen, "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict." Survival 35, no. 1 (1993), pp.
27-47.
*Bedredine Arfi, “Ethnic Fear: The Social Construction of Insecurity,” Security Studies 8, 1 (fall
1998), pp. 151-203.
4: TERRORISM AND REGIONAL FACTORS
Mohammed Ayoob, The Third World Security Predicament: State Making, Regional Conflict,
and the International System (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995), pp. 115-137 &
165-188.
John Echeverri-Gent, “Pakistan and the Taliban,” in 9/11 Reader
Ahmed Rashid, “They are Only Sleeping,” in 9/11 Reader
John L. Esposito, “The Compatibility of Islam and Democracy,” in 9/11 Reader
The Islamic Wave [video]
*Michael Brown, “The Causes and Regional Dimensions of Internal Conflict,” in International
Dimensions of Internal Conflict, ed. Michael Brown, MIT Press, 1996.
*Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: An International Security Reader (International Security
Readers), ed. by Michael E. Brown (Editor), Owen R. Cote (Editor), sea Lynn-Jones,
Steven E. Miller (Editor), Sean M. Lynn-Jones (Editor) MIT Press, 1997.
5: COUNTER-TERRORISM WAR?
Posen, Barry, "The Struggle against Terrorism: Grand Strategy, Strategy, and Tactics."
International-Security 26, no. 3 (2001/2002), pp. 39-55.
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Richard Falk, “The New Bush Doctrine,” The Nation (July 15, 2002), pp. 9-11.
Nancy Chang, “US Patriotic Act: What’s So Patriotic about Trampling on the Bill of Rights?”
Center for Constitutional Rights, November 2001.
Principles of Global Security, pp. 133-174.
Minefield: the U.S. and the Muslim World [video]
*Noam Chomsky, A New Generation Draws the Line: Kosovo, East Timor and the Standards of
the West (New York: Verso, 2000), pp. 1-47.
*Thomas G. Weiss, Military-Civilian Interactions: Intervening in Humanitarian Crises
(Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), chapter 5 Bosnia, 1992-1995: Convoluted Charity? pp.
97-135.
*Mark Peceny and William Stanley, “Liberal Social Reconstruction and the Resolution of Civil
Wars in Central America,” International Organization 55,1 (2001), pp.149-182.
TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONS AND WAR
6: NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Richard Smoke, National Security and the Nuclear Dilemma: An Introduction to the American
Experience in the Col War Third Edition (New York: McGraw Hill, 1993), pp. 101-124
(chapter 7).
Principles of Global Security, pp. 23-84.
No More Hiroshima! [video]
*Dietrich Schroer, Science, Technology, and the Nuclear Arms Race (New York: Wiley, 1984),
pp. 7-36 [Physics of Nuclear weapons] & 36-49.
*The U.S. Nuclear War Plan: A Time for Change, a June 2001 report by the Natural Resources
Defense Council.
7: REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Andrew F. Krepinevich, “Cavalry to Computer: The Pattern of Military Revolutions,” The
National Interest (Fall 1994), pp. 30-42.
Michael J. Mazarr, “The Military Technical Revolution,” in American Defense Policy 7th
Edition, edited by Peter L. Hays, Brenda J. Vallance, and Alan R. Van Tassel (Baltimore:
The Johns Hopkins University, 1997), pp. 556-566.
Global Focus, pp. 21-53.
William Greider, Fortress America: The American Military and the Consequences of Peace
(New York: Public Affairs, 1998), pp. 121-138.
Mike Moore, Unintended Consequences. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 56, 1 (Jan/Feb
2000), pp. 58-64.
I Am Become Death: They Made the Bomb [Video]
*Cindy Williams. Can We Afford a Revolution in Military Affairs? Breakthroughs (Spring
1999), pp. 3-8.
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*James Jay Carafono. Myth of the Silver Bullet: Contrasting Air Force-Army Perspectives on
"Smart Weapons" after the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the 1991 Gulf War National
Security Studies Quarterly (Winter 1998), pp. 1-20.
*National Defense Panel, Transforming Defense: National Security in the 21st Century,
December 1997.
*Thomas P.M. Barnett, with Henry H. Gaffney, Jr., A Critique of the National Defense Panel
Report The CNA Corporation (April 1998).
8: WEAPONS PROLIFERATION
John Tirman, Spoils of War: The Human Cost of America’s Arms Trade (New York: Free Press,
1997), pp. 230-287.
William Greider, Fortress America: The American Military and the Consequences of Peace
(New York: Public Affairs, 1998), pp. 97-110.
Michael T. Klare, “The New Arms Race: Light Weapons and International Security,” Current
History 96 (April 1997), pp. 173-178.
William W. Keller, "The Political Economy of Conventional Arms Proliferation." Current
History 96 (April 1997), pp. 179-83.
Survivors’ Stories: Americans & Landmines; and In the Shadow of Landmines [videos]
*Boutwell, Jeffrey, and Michael T. Klare, eds. Light Weapons and Civil Conflict: Controlling the
Tools of Violence. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
9: MISSILE DEFENSE
Dietrich Schroeer, Science, Technology, and the Nuclear Arms Race (New York: Wiley, 1984),
pp. 137-149 & 236-248.
Steve Fetter, “Ballistic Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction: What is the Threat? What
Should be Done?” International Security 16,1 (Summer 1991), pp. 3-42.
Leon Sigal, “Six Myths about Dealing with Pyongyang,” Northeast Asia Peace and Security
Network Special Report, February 20, 2001.
James Clay Moltz, “Missile Proliferation in East Asia: Arms Control vs. TMD Responses,” The
Nonproliferation Review vol. 4, no. 3 (Spring Summer 1997), pp. 63-71.
Countermeasures: USC animation
http://stream.realimpact.net/rihurl.ram?file=realimpact/ucs/sdi_animation/ucs_mds.smi
Star Wars Returns [video]
*William Hartung, “Military-Industrial Complex Revisited: How Weapons Makers are Shaping
U.S. Foreign and Military Policies,” World Policy Institute, June 1999.
*Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States [aka Rumsfeld
Commission], Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the
United States, July 15, 1998.
*Department of Defense, Report to Congress on Theater Missile Defense Architecture Options
for the Asia-Pacific Region, 2000.
*Office of the Secretary of Defense, Proliferation: Threat and Response, January 2001.
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OLD CONFLICTS, NEW WARS
10: WAR ON DRUGS
Global Focus, pp. 149-163. [Coletta Youngers, “U.S. Policy in Latin America and the
Caribbean: Problems, Opportunities, and Recommendations”]
Alfred W. McCoy, “Mission Myopia: Narcotics as Fallout from the CIA’s Covert Wars,” in
Craig Eisendrath, ed., National Insecurity: U.S. Intelligence After the Cold War (Temple
University Press, 2000), pp. 118-148.
Coca Mama: The War on Drugs [video]
*Webb, Gary, Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. Seven
Stories Press 1st ed. (New York: Seven Stories Press, 1998).
11: ENVIRONMENT AND CONFLICTS
Klare, Michael T., Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict (New York:
Metropolitan Books, 2001), pp. 1-80.
Global Focus, pp. 117-139. [David Hunter, “Global Environmental Protection in the TwentyFirst Century”]
AIDS in Africa [video]
*Thomas F. Homer Dixon, "Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict: Evidence From
Cases," International Security, vol. 19, no. 1 (Summer 1994), pp. 540.
*Peter H. Gleick, "Water and Conflict: Fresh Water Resources and International Security,"
International Security, v 18, no. 1 (Summer 1993), pp.79-112.
12: REGIONAL CONFLICTS 1
John Gershman, “Still the Pacific Century? U.S. Policy in Asia and Pacific,” Global Focus, pp.
283-319.
Thomas Christensen, “China, the U.S.-Japan Alliance, and the Security Dilemma in East Asia,”
International Security vol. 23, no. 4 (Spring 1999), pp. 49-80.
Principles of Global Security, pp. 85-132.
A Force More Powerful [Belgium, video]
*Michael O’Hanlon, et al, “Why China Cannot Successfully Invade Taiwan,” International
Security (Fall 2000).
*Department of Defense, Annual Report on the Military Power of the People’s Republic of
China, November 2000.
*Charles Kupchan, “After Pax Americana: Benign Power, Regional Integration, and the Sources
of a Stable Mulitpolarity,” International Security, vol. 23, no. 2 (Fall 1998), pp. 40-79.
[the U.S. military presence now prevents greater regional integration]
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13: REGIONAL CONFLICTS 2
Jonathan P.G. Bach, “U.S.-Western European Relations: The Transatlantic Partnership in the
Shadow of Globalization,” Global Focus, pp. 165-183.
John Feffer, “Containment Lite: U.S. Policy toward Russia and Its Neighbors,” Global Focus,
pp. 215-235.
Greg Bischak, “Contending Security Doctrines and the Military Industrial Base,” Ann R.
Markusen and Sean S. Costigan, eds., Arming the Future: A Defense Industry for the 21st
Century (New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1999), pp. 37-73.
CONCLUSION
14: MILITARY BUILD-UP OR DISARMAMENT?
Michael Klare, “Endless Military Superiority,” The Nation (July 15, 2002), pp. 12-16.
Price, Richard, "Reversing The Gun Sights: Transnational Civil Society Targets Land Mines."
International Organization 52, no. 3 (1998), pp. 613-44.
*Ann Markusen and Joel Yudken, Dismantling The Cold War Economy (New York: Basic
Books, 1992), pp. 241-260.
*Arms Control Association, Arms Control and National Security: An Introduction (Washington,
DC, 1989).
15: PEACE-KEEPING OR PEACE-BUILDING?
Principles of Global Security, pp. 194-230.
Evangelista, M. (1999). Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War.
Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 3-21.
Boulding, E., Forsberg, R., & Boston Research Center for the 21st Century. (1998). Abolishing
war: cultures and institutions. Cambridge, MA: Boston Research Center for the 21st
Century, pp. 13-32 & 71-91.
Witness To War [video]
*Tirman, J. (2000). Making the money sing: private wealth and public power in the search for
peace. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
*International Campaign to Ban Landmines
16: FINAL EXAM:
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