FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Match each cell organelle with its function
1. Final modification of proteins
2. Synthesis of the primary protein structure
3. Formulating secondary protein structure
4. Site of lipid synthesis
5. Intracellular digestion
6. Cells that make lipid steroid hormones from cholesterol contain which of the following organelles in abundance?
7. These would destroy an engulfed bacterium
Match the following types of transport to the most suitable description.
8. Movement of a proteins out of the cell using exocytosis
9. Movement of potassium into the cell using a carrier protein
10. Movement of water out of the cell
11, Movement of oxygen into the cell
12. Movement of sugar into the cell using a channel protein
13. Aquaporins transmembrane protein would be most closely associated with
14. The action of a white blood cell surrounding a bacterium with its membrane in order to bring it into the cell
for digestion could be termed
15. Movement of solutes with a concentration gradient utilizes
16. Which membrane transport process will continue on even though the cell may be alive or dead?
Match the enzyme or structure to its function
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21.
Used to make a replication fork
Used to seal in DNA segments
Used to copy the coding strand
Used to create a polypeptide
Used to make new sister chromatids
22.
For each pair of traits that Mendel examined, one trait might be hidden during the F 1 generation while the
other trait is expressed but the hidden trait will reappear in the F2 generation. This is evidence that there are
alleles that can be
23.
The trait of height in an individual is determined by the interaction of more than one set of alleles for the
expression of that specific trait. This is an example of:
24.
Down’s Syndrome (trisomy 21) would be considered to be which type of chromosomal abnormality?
25.
The study of alterations in gene expressions that are independent of the DNA sequence is called
The trait for tongue rolling exhibits true dominant/recessive behavior, with rolling being dominant to
nonrolling. Sam is a tongue roller. His father was a nonroller.
26.
27.
28.
Sam's mother's genotype is:
Sam's mother's phenotype is:
What is the probability that Sam's brother is a roller?
29.
Sam has lots of brothers and sisters and every time one of them has the trait of being a roller they also
express the trait of mid-digital hair. Every time they are nonrollers they don't express mid-digital hair.
Which of the following types of gene interactions might cause this?
a. pleiotropy
b. epistasis
c.penetrance
d. expressivity
e. codominance
30.
Which of the following would be a normal way to “Silence” a gene?
31.
Which of the following terms would best describe when one set of genes at one locus affect the expression
of genes at another locus?
32.
Expression in A,B,O blood grouping could be an example of
33.
A pure-breeding fruit fly with normal length wings is mated to a pure-breeding fruit fly with very short
wings. The wings of the F1 progeny are intermediate in length between the normal and short forms. This is
an example of:
34.
Therapeutic cloning is
35.
A genetic disease that requires the inheritance of two defective alleles within the first 22 chromosomal
pairs is called what type of genetic disorder?
36.
Epigenetic Acetylation of which of the following would open up the gene for transcription?
37.
The DNA that is used for DNA fingerprinting comes from what part of the DNA strand?
38.
Initial Genomic Imprinting occurs in the Egg during which stage
39.
Which of the following definitions would best describe Recombinant DNA Technology (rDNA)?
40.
Most Adult Stem Cells are considered to be
41.
One of the reasons a cloned cell is considered a “pseudo-clone” is because it has genetic material from a
42.
The type of cells used for Therapeutic Cloning are
43.
Changing a genome so that an organism can carry out a specific process is termed
44.
Starting with your Grandparents who produced your parents (second generation) who in turn produce you
(third generation), what is the title used in Mendelian genetics for your (third) generation?
45.
An individual can have too many or too few chromosomes as a result of
a. Barr bodies
b. trisomy
c. amniocentesis
d. crossing over
e. nondisjunction
46.
Gel electrophoresis for DNA fingerprinting separates DNA fragments according to
47.
Plasmids of recombinant DNA can be taken into a bacterial host cell from its surroundings through
48.
The cloning process to produce Dolly the lamb
49.
A key element to initiating mitosis in the cloning process is
50.
How did researcher Wilmut get cells to start at the same part of the cell cycle in Reproductive Cloning of
Dolly the lamb?
51.
If a cell is pluripotent, then it is
Answer True (A) or False (B) to the following questions
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83.
A bacterial cell would be considered a prokaryote cell.
Increased entropy will benefit cell health
Transport via the aquaporins protein requires ATP.
Animal Plasma Membranes contain cholesterol, whereas, plant Plasma Membranes do not.
Flagella are an extension of the cytoskeleton microtubule.
In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute
concentration?
Adhering junctions would allow for stretching of tissue cells.
A cell that is placed into a beaker containing a sugar solution and the cell fills with water will be in a solution
where the concentration of solutes inside the cell is greater than the concentration in the outside sugar solution.
If all somatic cells have the same nuclear information, what makes a liver cell different from a heart cell is that
they have different receptor proteins?
A metal ion (mineral) cofactor often makes an enzyme functional by becoming part of its active site
The most common form of low-quality (unusable) energy released in catabolic energy conversions is oxygen
The enzyme active site can be adjusted to allow a substrate to fit properly.
Competitive inhibitors of enzyme-catalyzed reactions act by binding to the enzyme's active site.
An allosteric enzyme raises the activation energy of the chemical reaction it catalyzes
The proteins of the Electron Transport Phosphorylation system in cellular respiration are located within the
outer membrane of the mitochondria
Most enzymes are made of Protein
An animal cell put into a hypertonic environment will swell from water gain
Water molecules can move across the plasma membrane freely by diffusion without the help of a
transmembrane protein?
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
A heart muscle cell that uses a lot of energy would be expected to have lots of Mitochondria
Hormones for cell regulation will bind to a channel protein.
Cell membranes consist mainly of a phospholipid bilayer and proteins
During electron transport phosphorylation, Oxygen ions accumulate in the outer compartment of the
mitochondria.
In a chemical reaction, enzymes raises the energy of activation.
Under anaerobic conditions, active muscle cells will convert pyruvate into Acetyl CoA.
Glycolysis starts and ends in the cell cytoplasm.
Anaerobic respiration liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
Endergonic reactions require energy input
The end products of complete respiration of glucose are water, CO2, and heat energy.
The Krebs cycle takes place in the ribosomes.
The correct sequence of organelles for the origin of a protein for Exocytosis would be
ribosomes ---> endoplasmic reticulum ----> Golgi body
The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is carbon dioxide.
84.
List the six steps (in correct sequential order) in the process of Recombinant DNA Technology (Genetic
Engineering) using a human genome DNA inserted into a bacterial DNA to be replicated.
(6)
85.
Draw a representation of a cut plasmid then show what a DNA fragment would look like to be inserted into
the plasmid in the process of Recombinant DNA Technology? Show nucleotides that would represent the
“Sticky Ends” on both the plasmid and the fragment.
(3)
86.
A couple has a female child with Tay Sachs disease, and three unaffected children. Neither parent nor any
of the four biological grandparents of the affected child expresses this disease.
Draw a pedigree chart to reflect the above scenario indicating affected and potential carriers if there
are any and indicate what type of inherited disease it is.
(5)
87.
Use (and show) the Punnett square to determine the correct genotypic and/or phenotypic ratios. Determine
the correct answer for the following questions. Answers without Punnett square documentation will NOT
be given full credit.