Denniston, 7e
Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Six
aqueous solution (6.1) any solution in which the solvent is water.
colligative property (6.4) property of a solution that is dependent only on the concentration of solute
particles.
colloidal suspension (6.1) a heterogeneous mixture of solute particles in a solvent; distribution of solute
particles is not uniform because of the size of the particles.
concentration (6.2) a measure of the quantity of a substance contained in a specified volume of solution.
concentration gradient (6.4) The region where the concentration decreases over a distance.
dialysis (6.5) the removal of waste material via transport across a membrane.
electrolyte (6.1) a material that dissolves in water to produce a solution that conducts an electrical current.
equivalent (6.5) the number of grams of an ion corresponding to Avogadro’s number of electrical charges.
Henry’s Law (6.1) a law stating that the number of moles of a gas dissolved in a liquid at a given
temperature is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
hypertonic solution (6.4) the more concentrated solution of two separated by a semipermeable membrane.
hypotonic solution (6.4) the more dilute solution of two separated by a semipermeable membrane.
isotonic solution (6.4) a solution that has the same solute concentration as another solution with which it is
being compared; a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as a solution existing within a cell.
weight/volume percent (% (W/V)) (6.2) the concentration of a solution expressed as a ratio of grams of
solute to milliliters of solution multiplied by 100%.
weight/weight percent (% (W/W)) (6.2) the concentration of a solution expressed as a ratio of mass of
solute to mass of solution multiplied by 100%.
molality (6.4) the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
molarity (6.3) the number of moles of solute per liter of solvent.
nonelectrolyte (6.1) a substance that, when dissolved in water, produces a solution that does not conduct
an electrical current.
osmolarity (6.4) molarity of particles in solution; this value is used for osmotic pressure calculation.
osmosis (6.4) net flow of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration
gradient.
osmotic pressure (6.4) the net force with which water enters a solution through a semipermeable
membrane; alternatively, the pressure required to stop net transfer of solvent across a semipermeable
membrane.
precipitate (6.1) an insoluble substance formed and separated from a solution.
Raoult’s law (6.4) a law stating that the vapor pressure of a compound is equal to its mole fraction times
the vapor pressure of the pure component.
saturated solution (6.1) one in which undissolved solute is in equilibrium with the solution.
selectively permeable membrane (6.4) a membrane that restricts diffusion of some ions and molecules
(based on size and charge) across the membrane.
semipermeable membrane (6.4) a membrane permeable to the solvent but not the solute; a material that
allows the transport of certain substance from one side of the membrane to the other.
solubility (6.1) the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a specified
temperature.
solute (6.1) a component of a solution that is present in lesser quantity than the solvent.
solution (6.1) a homogeneous (uniform) mixture of two or more substances.
solvent (6.1) the solution component that is present in the largest quantity.
supersaturated solution (6.1) a solution that is more concentrated than a saturated solution (Note that such
a solution is not at equilibrium).
suspension (6.1) a heterogeneous mixture of particles; the suspended particles are larger than those found
in a colloidal suspension.