Je-SRP1(PPARC) v1.1
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council
Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire,
United Kingdom SN2 1SZ
Telephone +44 (0) 1793 442000
Web http://www.pparc.ac.uk/
COMPLIANCE WITH THE DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998
In accordance with the Data Protection Act 1998, the personal data provided on this form will be processed by PPARC, and may be held on
computerised database and/or manual files. Further details may be found in the guidance notes
PPARC Reference:
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
You should read the separate notes for guidance and the 'PPARC Research Grants
Handbook’ and any specific documentation on the PPARC Web site before completing any
research proposal. Form Je-SRP1 (PPARC) must be accompanied by a case for support.
PPARC will reject incomplete research proposals.
1 DETAILS OF PROPOSAL
A. Organisation Where Grant Would Be Held
Organisation
University of Portsmouth
Division or Department
Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation
Address Line 1
Mercantile House
Address Line 2
Hampshire Terrace
Research Organisation
Reference:
ALT-DE
Postal Code
PO1 2EG
Address Line 3
Town/City
Portsmouth
Admin Area/County
Hants
B. Investigators Please give details of each investigator below. Please provide the details of any additional investigators on a separate sheet
using the same format as below.
Details
Principal Investigator (PI)
Co-Investigator 1
Title
Dr
Dr
Forename(s)
Robert
Bruce
Surname
Crittenden
Bassett
Organisation
University of Portsmouth
University of Portsmouth
Division or Department
Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation
Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation
Post will outlast project (Y/N)
Y
Y
% time committed to project
25
20
Other commitments
(description and average hours
per week)
Other research projects, teaching, supervision, and
administration
Other research projects, teaching, supervision, and
administration
30 hrs/ week
32 hrs/ week
Total number of co-investigators (ie. excluding the PI)
2
C. Recognised Researchers Please give details of each Recognised Researcher below. Please provide the details of any additional
Recognised Researchers on a separate sheet using the same format as below.
Details
Recognised Researcher 1
Recognised Researcher 2
Title
Forename(s)
Surname
Organisation
Division or Department
% time committed to project
Total number of Recognised Researchers
D. Title of Research Project [up to 150 chars]
Alternative Paths to Dark Energy
Section 1-1
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Other Investigators Please give details of each investigator below. Please provide the details of any additional investigators on a separate sheet
using the same format as below.
Details
Co-Investigator 2
Co-Investigator 3
Title
Dr
Forename(s)
Robert
Surname
Nichol
Organisation
University of Portsmouth
Division or Department
Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation
Post will outlast project (Y/N)
Y
% time committed to project
25
Other commitments
(description and average hours
per week)
Other research projects, supervision, development of
masters program and administration
30 hrs/ week
Total number of co-investigators (ie. excluding the PI)
2
Section 1-2
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E. Start Date and Duration
a. Proposed start date
01/10/05
b. Duration of the grant (months)
36
F. Type of Proposal
Scheme: Astronomy research grants
Type: Standard
G. Summary of PPARC Resources Required for Project
a. Financial resources required
b. Summary of staff effort requested
Total £
Staff
101042
Months
Research
36
Travel and Subsistence
7,500
Technician
Consumables
2,850
Other
8% x 36
Total
42.5
Exceptional Items
Equipment
10% x 36
7,500
Large Capital
Sub-total
118892
Indirect Costs
Total
46479
165371
H. Related Proposals
PPARC Reference Number
How related? (one of Continuation, Follow-up
to outline proposal, Invited resubmission,
Uninvited resubmission)
Total Number of Proposals
being submitted
Name of Lead RO
a. If this proposal is related to a previous proposal to PPARC,
please give the previous PPARC research grant proposal
reference number(s) and indicate the type of relationship.
Common Reference
b. If there is more than one organisation submitting a Je-SRP1
(PPARC) proposal form for this project, please give the number
of proposals involved, the lead Research Organisation and the
project common reference.
I. Research Councils / MoD Joint Research Grants Scheme (JGS) If you have received a commitment of support from the Defence
Science Technology Laboratory (DSTL), please give the following details:
Percentage funding indicated by DSTL
DSTL contact (name and address)
Title/Forename(s)
Surname
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative Area/County
Postal Code
Telephone
Fax
E-mail
DSTL Reference (please ensure that the letter
providing this reference is attached with the Case
for Support)
Section 1-3
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J. Objectives
List main objectives of the proposed research in order of priority [up to 4000 chars]
Dark Energy is one of the biggest unsolved puzzles in the whole of science today. The primary objective of this grant is to obtain new constraints on
the nature of this dark energy using CMB-large scale structure observations and the ages of massive elliptical galaxies at high redshift . Our specific
objectives are:

Calculating new predictions for the CMB-large scale structure correlations from the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect, and its
dependence on the equation of state and speed of sound of the dark energy. In addition, we will determine the theoretical limits to these
ISW constraints and make new predictions for future ISW experiments.

Combine an array of present detections of the ISW effect to further constrain dark energy models. In addition, use new data from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and SDSS-2dF LRG survey to obtain one of the best recent measurements of dark energy.

Use new observations of a large number of massive elliptical galaxies at high redshift (SDSS and SDSS-2dF) to measure the evolution of
the Hubble parameter and thereby obtain one of the first constraints of the equation of state of dark energy.

Combining these constraints with more traditional probes of dark energy (SN, CMB) to distinguish between various theoretical dark energy
and modified gravity models.
K. Summary
Describe the proposed research in a style that would be accessible to an interested 14 year old [up to 4000 chars]
It has long been understood that the Universe we live in is expanding as the consequence of an initial `big bang” 13.8 billion years ago. Cosmologists
had always assumed that this expansion was driven by ordinary matter (like you and me), which meant that the rate of expansion should be slowing
down. However, in 1998, researchers found that by observing the brightness of very distant exploding stars, the expansion of the Universe actually
appears to be accelerating not slowing down! This was a shock and has raised the question “What mysterious force driving this acceleration?” In
2003, it became clear that cosmologists needed some new kind of matter, much different than anything we have seen before, to dominate the Universe
and beat the effect of gravity on the largest scales in the Universe. The existence of this new kind of matter, known as `dark energy’ because we have
not been able to observe it directly, was hailed as the ``Breakthrough of the Year’’ by Science magazine in 2003.
Given that this dark energy appears to be the most abundant component of our Universe, we are very interested to learn as much as we can about it.
For example, how is it distributed in the Universe? Is there the same amount everywhere, or does it cluster into lumps like ordinary matter? Also, how
does it evolve with time? Has it always dominated the Universe, or was there a time when it was less important? Finally, does it really exist, or is what
we see just evidence that we do not understand how Einstein’s laws of gravity on very large distances?
Unfortunately, dark energy is difficult to learn about. Precisely because it is `dark’, we cannot observe it directly and we have not found any evidence of
it interacting with ordinary matter. Thus far we have only been able to see how it influences the expansion of the Universe gravitationally. All the
evidence we have for it is fairly indirect, so we have learnt relatively little about it so far.
The aim of this proposal is to try to look at dark energy differently from the ways its been observed before. One method will be to try to understand how
the age of the Universe changed as it expanded, because this will show how fast the expansion occurred. To do this, we will use new data from new
surveys of galaxies at high `redshift’, i.e. galaxies so far away from us that the light we see was emitted when the Universe was much younger. By
looking at the light from these galaxies, we will try to determine how old the galaxies are. If we look at enough galaxies, the oldest ones we see should
be nearly as old as the Universe itself was when the light was emitted. In this way, we will be able to follow how fast the expansion was, and whether
the dark energy was important early in the history of the Universe. It’s analogus to looking for the oldest fossil on Earth to determine the age of our
planet.
Another way we plan on studying the dark energy is by looking at the heat , or light, left over from the initial big bang, known as the cosmic microwave
background (CMB). This light has passed unperturbed since it was first emitted. It does interact gravitationally with large lumps of matter in the
Universe, but usually the energy it gains falling into the gravitational field of the matter is lost when the light moves out of the influence of the matter.
However, if dark energy is around, then suddenly this is no longer true. The light actually gains energy by having passed through the matter. Thus we
can show the presence of dark energy if we see that the energy of the CMB light corresponds with the distribution of matter in the universe.
This correspondence between the energy of the light and the matter in the Universe has actually been seen. This was first reported by investigators of
this proposal, and gave important confirmation of the existence of dark energy. There is still much more to learn from this however, as it is not yet clear
precisely when these correlations arose. We plan to investigate this, combining various existing surveys of the distribution of matter, and with data that
is just coming in from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We also plan on looking for signs of clustering in the dark energy, since it should also interact
gravitationally with the CMB.
Finally, we will combine both of these new windows into the nature of dark energy with the more traditional approaches, in order to get a fuller picture of
this mysterious substance that dominates our Universe.
Section 1-4
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L. Beneficiaries
Describe who will benefit from the research [up to 4000 chars]
The most immediate benefit will be to cosmologists aiming to understand how the Universe has evolved and why its expansion is accelerating. The
results will also be of great interest to particle physicists struggling to understand the fundamental constituents of the Universe, in particular whether
they will have to explain such a small value of a cosmological constant, or whether some kind of light scalar field dominates the Universe. In either
case the implications for particle physics models could be dramatic and probe in physics beyond the standard model. Furthermore, our research will be
of great interest to Relativitists and studies of Einsteins general theory of relativity, as it will potentially promote new theories of gravity on the largest
scales in the Universe. In summary, the study of dark energy has profound consequences across the whole of physics and is one of the biggest puzzles
in the whole of science.
The computational algorithms we are developing as part of this research (eg fast cross-correlation codes run on large supercomputers) will be published
via AstroGrid (AG) and the Virtual Observatory (VO), and therefore be of great benefit to other astronomers around the world. Bob Nichol is a senior
member of the VO and AG. These algorithms will also be of benefit to other sciences like biology and geology , and we will work towards publishing
them to as broad a community as possible
Finally, as has been demonstrated by dark energy being named Science magazine’s ‘Breakthrough of the Year’ in 2003, the public clearly has a very
strong interest in cosmology and in particular in this strange matter which dominates the Universe. For example, Bob Nichol (co-I of this proposal) was
recently a guest on the US “David Letterman Show” to discuss his work with the SDSS and ISW effect, and its consequences for understanding dark
energy. We will continue our public outreach efforts during this grant by exposing both students and the public to our work and any new results.
.
Section 1-5
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M. Staff
Joint Negotiating Committee For Higher Education Staff (JNCHES – formerly UCEA) Posts
EFFORT ON PROJECT
Name /Post Identifier
Grade
Starting
Spine
Point
Effective Date
of Salary Scale
Increment
Date
Start
Date
Period on
Project
(months)
% of Full
Time
London
Allowance
(Y/N)
Total of Other
Allowances (over
period of
appointment) (£)
Total cost
on grant
(£)
i) Research Staff
PDRA
RA1A
8
01/08/04
1-Sep
01/10/05
36
100 %
N
89273
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
ii) Technical Staff
Secretary (Chris Duncan)
SCP 15
31
01/08/04
1-Apr
01/10/05
36
8%
N
4,860
Computer Manager
SCP 19
39
01/08/04
1-Apr
01/10/05
/05
36
10 %
N
6,909
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Total
101042
[
Section 1-6
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Non-JNCHES Posts
EFFORT ON PROJECT
Name / Post Identifier
Basic Starting
Salary
Scale
Effective Date of
Salary Scale
Increment
Date
Start
Date
Period on
Project
(months)
% of Full
Time
London
Allowance
(£)
Superannuation
and NI (£)
Total of Other
Allowances (over
period of
appointment) (£)
Total cost
on grant (£)
i) Research Staff
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
ii) Technical Staff
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
iii) Other Staff
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Total
Section 1-7
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Ma. Visiting Researchers Please provide the details of any additional visiting researchers on a separate sheet in the same format as below.
Details
Visiting Researcher 1
Visiting Researcher 2
Visiting Researcher 3
Title
Forename(s)
Surname
Home Organisation
Division or Department
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative Area/County
Postal Code
Country
Telephone
Fax
E-mail
Total number of visiting researchers
N. Travel and Subsistence
Destination and purpose
Total £
(i) Within UK
National collaborations and meetings (including UK Cosmology, RAS and NAM)
900
(ii) Outside UK
International collaborations, workshops and conferences
4,500
Total £
Section 1-8
5,400
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O. Consumables
Description
Total £
General consumables
2,100
Computer maintenance
750
Total £
2,850
P. Exceptional Items
Description
Total £
Total £
Q. Equipment (single items between £3,000 and £49,999, including VAT)
Description
Country of
Manufacture
Delivery
Date
Linux workstation,
UK
October
2005
Basic
price £
Import
duty £
VAT £
Total £
7500
peripherals & laptop
Total £
7500
VAT £
Total £
R. Large Capital (single items £50,000 and over, including VAT)
Description
Country of
Manufacture
Delivery
Date
Basic
price £
Import
duty £
Total £
Section 1-9
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S. Facilities
Please give details of any proposed usage of PPARC-funded facilities, completing a separate facilities form if necessary.
Name of Facility
Proposed Usage
T. Other Support
Give details of any support sought or received from any source for this or related research in the past three years.
Decision
Made
(Y/N)
Award
Made
(Y/N)
Start
Date
End
Date
Amount
Sought/
Awarded
(£)
Y
Y
Not yet
known
2
years
80,000 Euros
European Dark Energy Network (EDEN)
Y
N
Visiting programme in relativistic
astrophysics and cosmology
Y
Y
Awarding
Organisation
Awarding
Organisation’s
Reference
Title of project
EU
Marie Curie IRG
Fast Algorithms in Cosmology and the
study of Dark Energy (small overlap)
EU
512251
Marie Curie RTN
PPARC
PPA/V/S/2001/0
0544
Nichol Re-integration grant
Section 1-10
100K of 1.5M
Euros
1/4/03
31/3/0
6
12,610
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U. Project Partners
Please give details of partners in the project and their contributions to the research. These contributions should be in addition to resources identified
above. If there are more than two partner organisations, please provide details on a separate sheet using the same format as below.
Details
Name of partner organisation
Partner 1
Partner 2
Division/Department
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative Area/County
Postal Code
Country
Title/Forename(s) of Contact
Surname of Contact
Contact’s Address (if different
from organisation address)
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative
Area/County
Postal Code
Country
Telephone
Fax
E-mail
Direct contribution to project
a. cash
Description
Value £
Description
Value £
b. equipment/materials
c. secondment of staff
d. other
Sub-Total
Indirect contribution to
project
a. use of facilities/equipment
b. staff time
c. other
Sub-Total
Total Contribution
Total Value (including contributions from
additional project partners)
Total number of project partners
Section 1-11
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1V. Classification of Grant Proposal Classify your proposal under each of the following four headings.
(a) Peer Review Preference Tick one of the following boxes to indicate the PPARC peer review panel you consider most appropriate to assess this
proposal.
Astronomy Grants Panel: Astro Theory Sub Panel
Astronomy Grants Panel: Astro Observation Sub Panel
Astronomy Grants Panel: Solar System Sub Panel
Astronomy Grants Panel (High Performance Computing)
Space Missions/Ground Based Facilities
Panel for the Allocation of Telescope Time
Particle Astrophysics
Particle Physics (Experiment)
Particle Physics (Theory)
Particle Physics (HPC)
PPARC Industrial Programme Support Scheme (PIPSS)
Faraday Partnership
E-Science and the Grid
Other
(b) Scientific Areas Assign % relevance (in multiples of 5) to any areas that are relevant, totalling 100%.
Scientific Area
Broad Indication of Category
Astrometry, celestial mechanics,
databases and survey astronomy
eg. Catalogues, star atlases, stellar dynamics
%
Solar and solar-terrestrial physics
the Sun, ionospheric physics, magnetosphere, solar wind, solar terrestrial relations
Planetary science
planets and other Solar System bodies (other than the Sun) and extra-Solar System
planetary systems
Stars
including pulsars, supernovae, nucleosynthesis, protostars and young stellar objects, star
formation, brown dwarfs
Galactic and inter-stellar astronomy
eg. Galactic centre, star clusters, Galactic structure, formation and evolution of the Galaxy,
kinematics and dynamics of the Galaxy, inter-stellar medium, molecular clouds, planetary
nebulae, supernovae remnants, dust inter-stellar chemistry
Extra-galactic astronomy and
cosmology
eg. Galaxy formation and evolution, active galactic nuclei, jets, quasars, large scale
structure, clustering, early Universe, Hubble constant, cosmic microwave background,
inflation
60
Physics and physical processes not
specifically astronomy, planetary
science or particle physics
eg. Accretion, black hole physics, gravity, magnetic fields, atomic and molecular
processes, relativity
15
Particle cosmology
eg. Dark matter, supersymmetry, neutrinos, cosmic strings
25
Beyond the Standard Model
eg. Origin of mass
The Standard Model
eg. Quarks, leptons, cp-violation, matter-antimatter asymmetry, QCD, electroweak
interactions, supersymmetry (SUSY)
Total = 100%
(c) Types of Activity Assign % relevance (in multiples of 5) to the activities listed, totalling 100%.
Type of Activity
Operation & maintenance of facilities
Broad Indication of Category
The recurrent cost of providing facilities
%
Investment in new instrumentation,
facilities or techniques
Exploitation and experiment
For example, design and construction of new facilities and instruments, instruments and
technique development and research on underpinning technology
Data collection, data analysis, experimental research
Theory
Theoretical research including modelling
50
50
Total = 100%
(d) Facilities or Wavelengths If the programme is associated with a particular wavelength range, assign % relevance (in multiples of 5) to each
relevant wavelength. If applicable, please also assign % relevance (in multiples of 5) to ground or space-based activities. For particle physics, please
indicate the facility. The allocations need not sum to 100%.
Facility/Wavelength
%
Wavelength (continued)
%
Ground or Space
Gamma-ray
Radio
Ground-based
X-ray
LHC
Space-based
UV
LEP
Optical/IR
80
HERA
mm/sub-mm
20
Other particle physics
facilities
Total <=
100%
Section 1-12
%
Total
<=
100%
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Section 1-13
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2
OTHER INFORMATION
Information in this section will be used for administrative purposes including the selection of peer reviewers.
A. Nominated Referees
Please give details of a referee whom PPARC may approach for assessment of this research proposal.
Details
Referee 1
Title
Forename(s)
Surname
Organisation
Division or Department
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative Area
Postal Code
Country
Telephone
Fax
E-mail
Section 2-1
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B. Declaration
In submitting this research proposal, I confirm on behalf of the Administrative Authority of ……………………………………………………………………..
[Name of Submitting Organisation] that:
a.
b.
c.
we have read and understood the requirements in the PPARC Research Grants Handbook and have checked that
the proposal complies with these
if a grant is offered we will accept the terms and conditions applied by PPARC
we have not entered into any obligations which may conflict with the PPARC terms and conditions
Name in BLOCK CAPITALS:
Position:
Signature:
Date:
Name in BLOCK CAPITALS
Principal Investigator
ROBERT CRITTENDEN
Co-Investigators
ROBERT NICHOL
Signature
Date
BRUCE BASSETT
Recognised
Researchers
Head of Department
ROY MAARTENS
Section 2-2
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3. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Information in this section will be used for administrative and statistical purposes and will NOT be circulated to referees or panels.
B. Investigators Please give details of each investigator below. Please provide the details of any additional investigators on a separate sheet
using the same format as below.
Details
Principal Investigator
Co-Investigator 1
PID
44551
55432
Robert Crittenden
Bruce Bassett
Address Line 1
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation
Address Line 2
University of Portsmouth
University of Portsmouth
Address Line 3
Mercantile House
Mercantile House
Town/City
Portsmouth
Portsmouth
Administrative Area
Hampshire
Hampshire
Telephone
PO1 2EG
023 9284 5625
PO1 2EG
023 9284 5171
Fax
023 9284 5626
023 9284 5626
E-mail
robert.crittenden@port.ac.uk
bruce.bassett@port.ac.uk
Date of Birth
23/04/66
23/09/71
Sex
M
M
Ethnic Origin
White American
White South African
Disability (Y/N, details of
disability)
N
N
Current Post
Reader
Reader
Current Post Start Date
01/10/2002
01/07/2003
Sector
HEI
HEI
Function
Academic
Academic
Expertise (This information may
be used to help identify
expertise in a given area and to
select potential referees).
Theoretical cosmology; CMB anisotropies; large scale
structure; origin of perturbations; dark energy
Theoretical cosmology; origin and evolution of primordial
perturbations; early universe, inflationary cosmology and
preheating
Suffix (eg FRS)
Preferred form of name
Address (if different from main
department address)
Postal Code
Section 3-1
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C. Recognised Researchers Please give details of each Recognised Researcher below. Please provide the details of any additional
Recognised Researchers on a separate sheet using the same format as below.
Details
Recognised Researcher 1
Recognised Researcher 2
PID
Suffix (eg FRS)
Preferred form of name
Address (if different from main
department address)
Address Line 1
Address Line 2
Address Line 3
Town/City
Administrative Area
Postal Code
Telephone
Fax
E-mail
Date of Birth
Sex
Ethnic Origin
Disability (Y/N, details of
disability)
Current Post
Current Post Start Date
Sector
Function
Expertise (This information may
be used to help identify
expertise in a given area and to
select potential referees).
Section 3-2
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PERSONAL INFORMATION
Information in this section will be used for administrative and statistical purposes and will NOT be circulated to referees or panels.
B. Investigators Please give details of each investigator below. Please provide the details of any additional investigators on a separate sheet
using the same format as below.
Details
Co-Investigator 2
Co-Investigator 3
PID
Suffix (eg FRS)
Preferred form of name
Address (if different from main
department address)
Robert Nichol
Address Line 1
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation
Address Line 2
University of Portsmouth
Address Line 3
Mercantile House
Town/City
Portsmouth
Administrative Area
Hampshire
Postal Code
Telephone
PO1 2EG
023 9284 3117
Fax
023 9284 5626
E-mail
bob.nichol@port.ac.uk
Date of Birth
30/09/66
Sex
M
Ethnic Origin
White British
Disability (Y/N, details of
disability)
N
Current Post
Senior Lecturer
Current Post Start Date
01/08/04
Sector
HEI
Function
Academic
Expertise (This information may
be used to help identify
expertise in a given area and to
select potential referees).
Observational cosmology; large scale structure
surveys; galactic evolution; galaxy clusters; dark
energy ; e-Science and Grid ; Statistics
Section 3-3
Date Printed: 16/02/2016 13:54:00
Date Saved: 16/02/2016 13:54:00
Je-SRP1(PPARC) v1.1