NZQA registered unit standard
18674 version 2
Page 1 of 4
Title
Demonstrate knowledge of traditional and contemporary Māori
perceptions of impairment
Level
5
Credits
6
Purpose
People credited with this unit standard are able to demonstrate
knowledge of traditional and contemporary Māori perceptions
of impairment.
Classification
Health, Disability, and Aged Support > Health and Disability
Principles in Practice
Available grade
Achieved
Explanatory notes
1
Support should aim to maintain, improve, or restore a consumer’s independence
and/or interdependence; utilise the consumer’s existing strengths; and, where
possible, utilise the resources of the local community.
2
Legislation and codes relevant to this unit standard include:
Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services
Consumers’ Rights) Regulations 1996;
Health and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001;
Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992;
Human Rights Act 1993;
Privacy Act 1993.
3
New Zealand Standards relevant to this unit standard include:
NZS 8134.0:2008 Health and disability services Standards – Health and disability
services (general) Standard;
NZS 8134.1:2008 Health and disability services Standards – Health and disability
services (core) Standards.
4
Definitions
Contemporary Māori perceptions of impairment refers, in general, to views of
impairment held by Māori following European settlement from the late eighteenth
century onwards. In the context of this unit standard these views refer, in particular,
to post-World War II attitudes towards disability and its causes and effects, shaped
by factors such as: socio-economic circumstances, advances in scientific and
medical research, changing concepts of family/whānau, the concept of mana,
attitudinal shifts, and availability of rehabilitation services.
Holistic model of hauora refers to models that utilise traditional Māori values, and
which can be utilised in contemporary contexts for holistic health support and
intervention. These models may include but are not limited to – Te Whare Tapa
Whā, Te Wheke, Takarangi, Pōwhiri Poutama.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
18674 version 2
Page 2 of 4
Impairment includes but is not limited to the following terms – hauā, hape hape, kopa,
kohapa.
Traditional Māori perceptions of impairment refers to views of impairment held by
Māori before European settlers introduced Western-based concepts of health,
wellness, and disability. These views derive principally from spiritual and social
ideologies, including indigenous narratives that portrayed impairment variously as a
sign of distinction from the gods and as a punishment or retribution for breaking tapu
(the ‘sacred’ or the ‘forbidden’).
5
References
Barlow, C. (2001). Tikanga whakaaro: Key concepts in Māori culture. South
Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press;
Best, E. (2005). Māori religion and mythology. Wellington: Te Papa Press;
Grey, G. (c. 1997). Nga mahi a nga tupuna. Christchurch: Kiwi Publishers;
Karetu, Sam. (1978). Kawa in crisis. In King, M. (Ed.), Tihe mauri ora: Aspects of
Māoritanga. Wellington: Methuen;
Marsden, M. (1992). God, man, and universe: A Māori view. In King, M. (Ed.), Te ao
hurihuri: Aspects of Māoritanga. Auckland: Reed Publishers;
Ministry of Health. (2004). Māori and disability. In Living with disability in New
Zealand: A descriptive analysis of results from the 2001 Household Disability Survey
and the 2001 Disability Survey of Residential Facilities (pp. 331-364). Wellington:
Author, available at http://www.moh.govt.nz;
Ratima, K., & Ratima, M. (2004). In L. W. Nikora, R. Karapu, H. Hickey, & N. Te
Awekotuku. (Eds.). Disabled Māori and disability support options: A report prepared
for the Ministry of Health Hamilton Office (pp. 189-198). Hamilton: Māori &
Psychology Research Unit, University of Waikato and the Ministry of Health, available
at http://www.hauora.maori.nz/downloads/hauora_chapter12_web.pdf;
Office for Disability Issues, & Statistics New Zealand. (2010). Disability and Māori in
New Zealand in 2006: Results from the New Zealand Disability Survey. Wellington:
Statistics New Zealand, available at http://www.stats.govt.nz/ (search for Disability
and Māori);
Orbell, M. R. (1992). Traditional Māori stories: He kōrero Māori. Auckland: Reed;
Orbell, M. R. (1998). A concise encyclopedia of Māori myth and legend. Christchurch:
Canterbury University Press;
Robson, B., & Harris, R. (Eds.). (2007). Māori experience of disability and disability
support services. In Hauora: Māori standards of health IV. A study of the years 2000–
2005. Wellington: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare;
Shirres, M. P. W. (1994). Tapu: Te mana o nga atua – The mana of the spiritual
powers: A Māori theological understanding of tapu. Ponsonby: Te Rūnanga o te Hāhi
Katorika ki Aotearoa;
Taskforce on Whānau-Centred Initiatives. (2010). Whānau Ora: Report of the
Taskforce on Whānau-Centred Initiatives to Hon Tariana Turia, Minister for the
Community and Voluntary Sector. Wellington: Author, available at
http://www.msd.govt.nz/about-msd-and-our-work/workprogrammes/initiatives/whanau-ora/index.html;
Tauroa, H. (1984). Māoritanga in practice. Auckland: Office of the Race Relations
Conciliator;
Te Rangi Hiroa (Sir Peter Buck). (1982). The coming of the Māori. (Reprint of 2nd ed.
published 1950). Wellington: Māori Purposes Fund Board; Christchurch: Whitcoulls;
White, J. (2001). The ancient history of the Māori, his mythology and traditions.
Hamilton: University of Waikato Library.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
18674 version 2
Page 3 of 4
Outcomes and evidence requirements
Outcome 1
Demonstrate knowledge of traditional Māori perceptions of impairment.
Range
includes consideration of one holistic model of hauora and its impact on
traditional Māori perceptions of impairment.
Evidence requirements
1.1
Traditional iwi, hapū, or whānau perceptions of impairment are explained in
terms of the impairment type and a specific rohe.
Range
1.2
evidence is required for four types of impairment, from a minimum
of one specific rohe.
The ways in which people were traditionally cared for or not cared for, by iwi,
hapū, or whānau are explained in terms of the description provided in evidence
requirement 1.1.
Outcome 2
Demonstrate knowledge of contemporary Māori perceptions of impairment.
Range
includes consideration of one holistic model of hauora and its impact on
contemporary Māori perceptions of impairment.
Evidence requirements
2.1
Contemporary iwi, hapū, or whānau perceptions of impairment are explained in
terms of the impairment type and a specific rohe.
Range
evidence is required for four types of impairment, from a minimum
of one specific rohe.
2.2
The ways in which people in contemporary Māori society are cared for or not
cared for, by iwi, hapū, or whānau are explained in terms of the description
provided in evidence requirement 2.1.
2.3
Contemporary practices of caring for impaired people are compared with
traditional practices.
Range
Planned review date
evidence is required for – four practices, four differences, four
similarities.
31 December 2016
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016
NZQA registered unit standard
18674 version 2
Page 4 of 4
Status information and last date for assessment for superseded versions
Process
Version Date
Last Date for Assessment
Registration
1
17 December 2001
31 December 2011
Review
2
19 November 2010
N/A
Accreditation and Moderation Action Plan (AMAP) reference
0024
This AMAP can be accessed at http://www.nzqa.govt.nz/framework/search/index.do.
Please note
Providers must be granted consent to assess against standards (accredited) by NZQA, or
an inter-institutional body with delegated authority for quality assurance, before they can
report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses of study leading
to that assessment.
Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by
NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards.
Providers and Industry Training Organisations, which have been granted consent and
which are assessing against unit standards must engage with the moderation system that
applies to those standards.
Consent requirements and an outline of the moderation system that applies to this
standard are outlined in the Accreditation and Moderation Action Plan (AMAP). The
AMAP also includes useful information about special requirements for organisations
wishing to develop education and training programmes, such as minimum qualifications for
tutors and assessors, and special resource requirements.
Comments on this unit standard
Please contact the Community Support Services ITO Limited
enquiries@careerforce.org.nz if you wish to suggest changes to the content of this unit
standard.
Community Support Services ITO Limited
SSB Code 101814
 New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2016