AP Biology Review Questions – Test Chapters 5-7 on Wednesday 10/8
Chapter 5 -- The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
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What are the four major classes of biomolecules?
How do organic polymers contribute to biological diversity?
How are covalent linkages formed and broken in organic polymers?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of carbohydrates, and how are they
classified?
What are the characteristics of a sugar?
What is a glycosidic linkage and how is it formed?
What are the important biological functions of polysaccharides?
What is the difference between the glycosidic linkages in starch and glucose, and why
is this difference biologically important?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of lipids?
What are three groups of lipids, and what are the unique properties, building blocks,
and biological significance of each group?
What is an ester linkage and how is it formed?
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of proteins, and what are the biologically
important functions of this group?
What are the four major components of an amino acid?
How may amino acids be grouped?
What is a peptide bond and how is it formed?
What determines protein conformation and why is conformation important?
What is primary structure, and how may it be deduced in the laboratory?
What are the two kinds of secondary structure, and how do hydrogen bonds play a
role?
What factors contribute to tertiary protein structure?
What is denaturation and how may it occur?
What are the distinguishing characteristics of nucleic acids?
What are the functions of nucleic acids?
What are the major components of a nucleotide, and how are monomers linked
together to form a nucleic acid?
What are the differences between pyrimidines and purines?
What is the three-dimensional structure of DNA?
Chapter 6 – A Tour of The Cell
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What techniques are used to study cell structure and function?
What is the difference between magnification and resolving power?
What are three types of microscopes and how do they function?
What are the advantages and limitations of the three kinds of microscopes?
What are the major steps of cell fractionation, and why is it a useful technique?
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Why are there upper and lower limits to cell size?
Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?
What is the structure and function of the nucleus, and how does it control protein
synthesis in the cytoplasm?
J) What is the structure and function of a eukaryotic ribiosome?
K) What are the components of the endomembrane system?
L) How are rough and smooth ER different structurally and functionally?
M) What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?
N) How does impaired lysosomal function negatively affect a cell?
O) What are the roles of vacuoles and how do their functions differ?
P) What are the roles of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?
Q) What are the roles of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
R) What is the structure of mitochondria, and how is compartmentalization important in
their function?
S) What are the differences between amyloplasts, chromoplasts, and chloroplasts?
T) What is the structure of chloroplasts, and how is compartmentalization important in their
function?
U) What are the probable functions of the cytoskeleton?
V) Of what are mictotubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments composed, and
what is each’s function in the cell?
W) What are cilia and flagella?
X) What is the structure of a plant cell wall?
Y) What is the structure and function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?
Z) What are four types of intercellular junctions?
Chapter 7 -- Membranes