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Test 2 Review Sheet – Organismal Biology
Test # 2 on 4 March 2005
This is your study guide for Test # 2 which is on Chapters 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33.
Make sure you take the practice quizzes at the end of each chapter.
Chapter 28: Protista
Characteristics of a protist
For Euglena, Paramecium:
know main structures (and their function) and how they perform functions to stay alive
(like respiration, water/waste control, how they get their food, how they move,
reproduction, etc)
Apicomplexa – characteristics and examples
sporozoite
life cycle of Plasmodium (organism that causes malaria) – Fig. 28.13, page 557
flagellum vs cilia
algae – basically what it is, but you don’t have to know all the different kinds
plankton
chloroplast
purpose of conjugation (don’t have to know all the details on Fig. 28.15)
Ciliophora
Diatom
Pseudopodia
Amoebas – know basic structures/functions, how they move, how they get food
Foraminifera – know basic structures
Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land
Know differences between Bryophyte, Vascular plant, seed plants, angiosperm,
gymnosperm – also check out Table 29.1 and Fig. 29.1
Apical meristem
Placental transfer cells
Embryophytes
Alternation of generations
Sporophyte vs gametophye
Spore vs seed
Sporangia
Archegonia vs antheridia
Adaptations to conserve water – cuticle, type of stomata
Xylem vs phloem – what they do, what kind of plants have them
Importance of secondary compounds to terrestrial adaptations – page 582
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Land plants evolved from charophycean algae
Know life cycle of moss (page 586) and fern (page 592) including names of the main
parts and the process involved
Rhizoids
Sporophyte – seta, foot, sporangium (capsule)
Peat – what it is, how formed, ecological importance
Pteridophytes = seedless vascular plants ( ferns, horsetails, club “moss) – know basic
characteristics
“coal forests) – page 594
Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants
Page 598 – Fig. 30.1 – know how to compare gametophyte/sporophyte relationships
between bryophytes, ferns, and seed plants)
Fig. 30.2 – from ovule to seed – know the basic pattern of what happens
Seed parts – integuments, ovule, embryo (new sporophyte), seed coat, food supply
Understand how pollination occurs and what structures are involved
Gymnosperms – know what groups go here – ginko, cycads, gnetophytes, conifers
Life cycle of pine – page 605
Phylum Anthophyta – angiosperms: monocots, dicots (characteristics)
Xylem/tracheid
Page 608 – parts of flower and their functions
Pericarp
Simple fruit, aggregate fruit, multiple fruit – characteristics of each and an example
Seed dispersal
Cotyledon
Endosperm
Cross-pollination
Life cycle of an angiosperm – page 611
Plant and animal coevolution – and its significance
Clear cutting, “slash and burn” – why harmful to ecosytem
Page 613- drugs from plants
Chapter 31: Fungi
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Hypha, mycelium – what they are, what they do, how they make up the fungi
Septate hypha vs coenocytic hypha
Parasitic hypha and haustoria
Page 619 – know the 4 main kinds of fungi and basic characteristics of each
You DO NOT have to know life cycles on pages 621, 623, 625
Know parts and ecological importance of lichens – page 627-628
Ecological impacts of fungi – pages 629-631
Chapter 32: Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal – page 633-634 – know 5 characteristics
KNOW WELL Fig. 32.1, page 634 – early embryonic development – all the stages and
all the parts
Know major GRADES – Fig 32.4, page 636 – and what each one means
Kinds of symmetry
Germ layers – endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm
Diploblastic vs triloblastic
Archenterons
Aceolomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate, body cavity – know Fig. 32.6
Cephalization
Parazoans vs eumetazoa
Know and understand process and parts comparing protostomes vs deuterostomes – Fig.
32.7, page 639 – KNOW THIS WELL – go over the text in detail
Trochophore larva – which animals have this and what it looks like
Chapter 33: Invertebrates
Parazoa, Porifora, sponges
Know sponge parts and how they are used – Fig. 33.3, page 648 (how they eat, how they
get oxygen, etc)
Phylum Cnidaria – characteristics; know differences between polyp and medusa – Fig.
33.4, page 649
Cnidocytes – how they work – Fig. 33.5, page 649
Life cycle of Obelia – page 651
Know Phylum Platyhelminthes characteristics
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Know basic characteristics and how they perform body functions: planarians, flukes,
tapeworms
Parthenogenesis
Complete vs incomplete digestive tracts – who has what
Phylum Mollusca – characteristics
Basic body plan – page 656 – know parts and functions of each
Radula – what it is and what it is used for
Torsion
Know basic differences between major classes in Table 33.3, page 656; also examples of
each class
Know basic anatomy of the clam – Fig. 33.21 – how it feeds, gets oxygen, reproduces
Know basic anatomy of earthworm – Fig. 33.23 – how it feeds, gets oxygen, reproduces,
gets rid of nitrogenous wastes
Know differences between earthworms (Oligochaeta), Polychaeta (many setae) and
leeches
Roundworms – Phylum Nematoda – know phylum characteristics
Segmentation = metamerism
Phylum Arthropoda – phylum characteristics
Molting (ecdysis)
Know parts of crayfish and what they are for – page 663
Trilobites
Class Arachnida – know spider parts and what they are used for Fig. 33.3, page 665
Book lungs (as opposed to book gills in horseshoe crab)
Grasshopper anatomy – inside and out – main features we cover in lecture – page 667
Incomplete/complete metamorphosis
Phylum Echinodermata – spiny skin – know phylum characteristics
Water vascular system in seastar – know how it works and the parts involved
Know different echinoderms listed on page 674 and an example of each
Table 33.7, page 673, is great – it sums up all the phyla we have had so far – use it to
help you study – be able to compare characteristics between phyla – how some are
similar and how others are different